Based on the investigation data of six provinces(Hubei,Zhejiang,Jiangsu Anhui,Shandong,Hebei ),this paper studies the cognition of farmer’s ecological farming and their behaviors and also analyzes the inconsistency between farmer’s cognition and behaviors.The result shows that the score of the ecological awareness of farmers is relatively low.As for the cognitive qestions,the total score is five,farmers who scored in three points or more are only 31.8%，the score of ecological decision is much lower,and farmers who scored in three points or more are only 13.76%.The correlation between cognition and behavior about farmer’s ecological farming of farmers is weak,which showed a strong inconsistency.There are obvious differences between the influencing degree of all factors on cognition and behavior of farmer’s ecological farming.Therefore,this paper proposes several suggestions.Firstly,governments should strengthen the publicity and training about farmer’s ecological farming knowledge.Secondly,cultivation of new-type agricultural operation subjects and new-type professional farmers should be stengthened.Thirdly,quality system supervision of livestock and poultry industry should be strengthened so as to ensure ecologically safe animal products.