The case of Hunan province revealed that implementation of the system of state monopoly for purchasing and marketing in the 1950s, on the one hand, is conducive to the deepening, infiltration and expansion of state power, and promotes the integration of the state and society. On the other hand, in the fields of production, circulation and consumption, the practice of replacing commodity economy and market mechanism with centralized and unified national plan has also resulted in the unsteadiness of agricultural production and the instability of rural society.