To analyze the operation efficiency of a public hospitals and the influence factors from the perspective of the attribute category and year of hospitals. The health statistics reports of public hospitals from 2015—2019 was collected. The data envelopment analysis（DEA）， the Malmquist model and Tobit regression were used to analyze the impact of five attribute categories and years of region， hospital grade， institution type， affiliation， hospital size on the operation efficiency of public hospitals in the province. The results showed that hospital grade， affiliation and scale were the main factors affecting the operation efficiency of public hospitals in the province. The rise of technical efficiency change index was the fundamental reason for the rise of total factor productivity index in public hospitals. There was positive correlation between grade and public hospital efficiency， promote “upgrading”. Public hospital efficiency of different affiliations were different， and policies should be classified. The scale size was negatively related with public hospital efficiency， and the size of individual hospitals should be controlled. Hospital efficiency should be enhanced by improving hospital technical level and management ability.