| 自动驾驶汽车事故的责任认定 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨宏芹,黄淑君.自动驾驶汽车事故的责任认定[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2018,0(4):46-55. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨宏芹 黄淑君 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海对外经贸大学 法学院，上海 201620 |
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| 摘 要： | 自动驾驶汽车是人工智能技术发展的风向标，其高度自主化的学习决策机制是人工智能发展的产物，在推动技术进步的同时也使得现有机动车交通事故责任认定体系发生了变化。传统的机动车交通事故奉行以“运行支配”和“运行利益”标准来判断责任承担的主体，实行以驾驶人注意义务为主的过错责任原则。而随着自动驾驶汽车智能化的趋势不断增强，自动驾驶系统具备驾驶人的属性，系统生产者的产品责任有替代驾驶人责任的趋势。结合自动驾驶汽车自主性对其侵权事故责任认定问题展开研究，通过黑匣子技术合理界定运行状态，在平衡技术创新与受害人救济的原则下，认定自动驾驶模式下的交通事故侵权由生产者承担产品责任。然而自动驾驶汽车自主性的存在决定着它不同于普通产品，因此通过强化生产者的说明义务，建立严格的事后监测机制，规定生产者的免责机制和设置强制保险制度等一系列配套的机制来合理分配损害责任。
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| 关 键 词： | 自动驾驶汽车 责任认定 驾驶人责任 产品责任 人工智能 |
Responsibility determination of self driving car accidents |
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| YANG Hong-qin,HUANG Shu-jun.Responsibility determination of self driving car accidents[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Social Sciences Edition),2018,0(4):46-55. |
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| Authors: | YANG Hong-qin HUANG Shu-jun |
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| Affiliation: | School of Law，Shanghai University of International Business and Economics，Shanghai 201620， China |
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| Abstract: | Self-driving car is a wind vane for development trend of artificial intelligence technology. It’s highly autonomous learning decision mechanism is the product of artificial intelligence development. It promotes technological advancement, while also makes the current vehicle accident liability recognition system change. The traditional field of motor vehicle traffic accidents pursues the principle of “operational control” and “operating interest” to determine the responsibility, and the principle of fault liability based on driver’s duty of care is adopted. With the growing trend of intelligent driving of autonomous vehicles, the automatic driving system has the attributes of a driver, and the product responsibility of the system manufacturer to replace the driver’s liability has become a new trend. This article combines the autonomy nature of autonomous vehicles to study the liability identification of infringement accidents, and reasonably defines the operational status through black box technology. Under the principle of balancing technological innovation and victim relief, it is determined that the in the automatic driving accident infringement scenario the producer shall take product liability. However, the autonomous nature of a self driving car means that it is different from ordinary products. Therefore, by strengthening the producer’s obligation to explain, we can establish a strict post mortem monitoring mechanism, stipulate a producer’s exemption mechanism and set up a compulsory insurance system and other supporting mechanisms to rationally allocate liabilities for damage. |
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| Keywords: | self-driving car liability determination driver responsibility product liability artificial intelligence |
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