| 交通基础设施与民族地区高质量发展——来自高铁开通的证据 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘玉萍,郑长德.交通基础设施与民族地区高质量发展——来自高铁开通的证据[J].民族学刊,2021,12(3):37-51, 98. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘玉萍 郑长德 |
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| 作者单位： | 西华师范大学公共政策研究院,西南民族大学经济学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目“高铁开通对民族地区经济的影响”(CX2020BS10)的阶段性研究成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 交通基础设施的持续完善,是我国民族地区实现高质量发展的重要基础支撑。以高铁开通作为民族地区交通基础设施改善的准自然实验,结合2004~2018年民族八省区地级城市的经济社会发展数据,采用渐进性双重差分模型,实证检验了交通基础设施对我国民族地区高质量发展的影响,结果显示:民族地区的高铁建设具有选择性,高铁发展阶段、城市规模、以及与规划骨干网的距离均有可能影响所在城市的高铁开通;整体来看,高铁开通对民族地区的高质量发展具有积极影响,且高铁的影响既表现出显著的“节点效应”,又展现了较强的“场所效应”;从影响的异质性看,高铁规模和新建站点对高质量发展的影响会分别随城市财政实力的增强和人口密度的增加而增大,体现出影响的“马太效应”;从影响的动态性看,在高铁开通的第三年,其对城市高质量发展的影响开始变得显著,至第五年累积影响则达到最大,其后快速衰减,显示出高铁影响高质量发展的时滞性和阶段性;从影响的机制看,高铁开通可通过交通改善机制和投资激发机制促进民族地区的高质量发展,且当前投资激发机制所具有的中介作用更大;基于有效挖掘“高铁红利”考量,研究结果蕴含的政策含义包括:进一步加强民族地区的高铁建设;完善高铁站点周边的配套基础设施建设;增强高铁配套设施建设资金的保障力度。
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| 关 键 词： | 民族地区 高质量发展 高铁 交通基础设施 |
Transportation Infrastructure and High-Quality Development in Ethnic Minority Areas-Evidence from the Opening of High-Speed Trains |
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| Liu Yuping and Zheng Changde.Transportation Infrastructure and High-Quality Development in Ethnic Minority Areas-Evidence from the Opening of High-Speed Trains[J].JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY,2021,12(3):37-51, 98. |
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| Authors: | Liu Yuping and Zheng Changde |
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| Affiliation: | School of Economics, Southwest Minzu University; Institute of Public Policy, West China Normal University and School of Economics, Southwest Minzu University |
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| Abstract: | The consistent improvement of transportation infrastructure is an important basic support for the realization of high-quality and leapfrog development in ethnic minority areas of China.Taking the introduction of high-speed trains to improve the transportation infrastructure in ethnic minority areas as a quasi-natural experiment,and based on the economic and social development data of cities at the prefectural level in eight ethnic provinces and districts from 2004 to 2018,this study empirically tests the impact of transportation infrastructure on high-quality development in ethnic minority areas using the progressive“difference-in-differences model”The result shows that:1)the construction of high-speed trains in ethnic minority areas is selective.The development stage of high-speed trains,city scale and the distance from the planned backbone network may affect the opening of high-speed trains in the city.2)On the whole,the opening of high-speed trains has a positive impact on the high-quality development of ethnic minority areas,and the impact of high-speed trains has shown not only a significant“node effect”,but also a strong“place effect”.3)From the perspective of heterogeneity,the impact of scale and new stations of high-speed trains on high-quality development will increase with the increase of urban financial strength and population density respectively,reflecting the“Matthew effect”.4)From the perspective of dynamics,the impact of high-speed trains on urban high-quality development began to become significant in the third year,the cumulative impact reached its maximum in the fifth year,and then rapidly declined,thereby showing the time lag and stages of the impact of high-speed trains on high-quality development.And,5)from the impact mechanism,the opening of high-speed trains can promote the high-quality development of ethnic minority areas through the improvement of transport and the investment incentive mechanism,of which the current investment incentive mechanism plays a greater mediating role.Based on the consideration of the effective mining of the“dividends from high-speed trains”,policy implications include:1)further strengthening the construction of high-speed trains in ethnic minority areas.In the future development planning of high-speed trains in ethnic minority areas,the construction standards of high-speed trains in ethnic areas should be further improved on the basis of a balance between economics and politics;2)improving the support for infrastructure construction around the high-speed trains stations.In planning high-speed train stations,it is necessary to expand the radiation range of high-speed train stations so as to effectively exert the capacity of high-speed trains;and,3)enhancing the guarantees for construction funds for high-speed trains supporting facilities.In order to effectively realize the investment stimulation function of high-speed trains and promote the high-quality development of cities,it is necessary to ensure the investment of supporting funds for high-speed trains through multiple channels. |
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| Keywords: | ethnic minority areas high-quality development high-speed trains transport infrastructure |
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