| 气候政策选择的七种评价准则 |
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| 引用本文： | 米志付,梁晓捷,王科.气候政策选择的七种评价准则[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2014,16(1):1-6. |
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| 作者姓名： | 米志付 梁晓捷 王科 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京理工大学 能源与环境政策研究中心, 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划基金资助项目“第三次气候变化国家评估报告关键支撑技术”（2012BAC19B11） |
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| 摘 要： | 气候变化一个典型的全球性问题是应对气候变化具有很强的外部性。不同国家或群体对其态度不尽相同，因此气候政策的选择存在多种评价准则，包括环境有效性、成本有效性、代际公平性、区域公平性、体制可行性、技术可行性和伦理道德性等七种评价准则。国际气候变化谈判中，存在不同评价准则的竞争:首先，发达国家相对更强调环境有效性，而发展中国家相对更强调成本有效性。其次，发达国家和发展中国家在资金转移及技术转让方面存在区域公平性的争议。再次，各国在全球温升控制目标方面存在代际公平性的争议。理想的气候政策方案是能够综合各种准则，即充分考虑当代与后代、区域间以及人与自然间的公平，符合政治现实、法律制度和文化传统等体制约束，在可获得的技术水平下，以最低的社会成本实现最大程度的环境改善。
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| 关 键 词： | 气候政策 环境有效性 成本有效性 公平性与可行性 |
| 收稿时间： | 1/6/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Seven Criteria for Climate Policy Choice |
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| MI Zhifu,LIANG Xiaojie and WANG Ke.Seven Criteria for Climate Policy Choice[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition),2014,16(1):1-6. |
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| Authors: | MI Zhifu LIANG Xiaojie and WANG Ke |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Climate change which is a typical global issue has high externalities. Different countries and groups have different attitudes,so there are many criteria for evaluating climate policy,including environmental effectiveness,cost-effectiveness,intergenerational equity,interregional equity,institutional feasibility,technical feasibility,and ethics. In international climate negotiations,criteria for climate policy choice are often controversial. Firstly,developed countries emphasize the environmental effectiveness,while developing countries emphasize the cost-effectiveness. Secondly,developed countries and developing countries have the controversy about the funds and technology transfer. Thirdly,the target of controlling global temperature is a disputed issue about intergenerational equity. The perfect climate policy would satisfy all criteria. In other words,the perfect climate policy would take intergenerational equity,interregional equity,and ethics into full consideration,satisfy institutional and technical constraints,and achieve the environmental objectives at a minimum cost to society. |
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| Keywords: | climate policy environmental effectiveness cost-effectiveness equity and feasibility |
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