劳动力要素的弱势地位、价格扭曲与经济增长方式转型困境

劳动力要素的地位是影响经济增长方式转变的重要因素。针对我国劳动力要素弱势地位及价格被严重扭曲的现象,现阶段主要有基于马克思主义经济理论和基于西方经济学均衡价格工资论两种思路的解释。在对这两种解释进行述评的基础上,本文构建了一个抽象世界的模型阐释劳动力要素地位差异所导致的经济增长路径差异,珠三角的经济发展历程亦验证了此观点。无论短期内外部宏观经济形势如何变化,要实现我国产业升级和经济增长方式的根本性转变,就必须以切实可行的措施推进劳动力要素地位的稳步提高。     

资本论与现时代——经济增长理论视域下论我国经济增长方式的转变

面对当前国内资源供给有限，资源供需矛盾非常突出，产品成本增加，环境污染严重。服务业滞后，我们必须重视经济增长方式如何由粗放型向集约型转变的问题，因此文中在论述马克思经济增长理论的基础上，提出了现时代如何实现更好的经济增长方式。     

转变经济发展方式的哲学思考

转变经济发展方式，实现国民经济又好又快发展，是党在新的历史时期探索和把握我国经济发展规律而提出的重要方针。转变经济发展方式，既要求提高经济增长效益，又要实现经济结构的优化、经济增长与自然环境的协调以及经济成果的合理分配等等，从而达到国民经济又好又快发展的目的。本文从理论探讨和实践意义出发，试图从哲学的角度分析这一战略方针的理论基础，提出对其深入理解及贯彻实施，推进黑龙江省经济又好又快发展。     

浅议制度变迁对西藏经济增长的影响

西藏民主改革以来,经济取得了辉煌的成就,实现了巨大飞跃。究其原因,制度变迁对西藏经济增长的影响不可小觑。本文从新制度经济学的角度分析了制度变迁对西藏经济增长的影响,最终得出只有正式性制度变迁和非正式性制度变迁建构均衡才能促进经济快速发展,才是经济增长的制度保证。     

论转变湖北农业经济发展方式的创新选择

农业经济方式转变是生产力与生产关系组合的重新调整，是农业经济增长的核心，是实现经济可持续发展的根本保证。湖北农业经济处于关注财富增长阶段，发展方式粗放有余，集约不强，和谐不足。实现湖北农业经济发展方式转变必须从技术和制度两个层面进行深层次创新。     

向低碳能源转型以缓解气候变化——以中国、印度为例

中国和印度都相当依赖高碳含量化石燃料。本文阐述两国向低碳能源转型的意义,它不仅能减轻对气候变化的负面影响’,还能令经济增长。文中涉及3个案例——中国的电力部门、北京的经济部门以及印度农村还没通电的家庭——它们都减少了排放温室气体和使用能源,但却增加了成本。可见要为气候友好型低碳经济作出贡献,是需要资金支持和技术转移的。     

基础会计理论知识在中职学生生活实践中的应用

本文结合中职财会专业教学改革的实践，探究了会计专业学生增长实际经济业务知识和提高实践能力的途径与方式，提出利用企业会计学习模式来进行模拟教学，以激发学生的学习兴趣，进而更加有效地增长学生的业务知识，以提高学生的业务能力的思路。     

2009年节假日安排确定

中央经济工作会议2008年12月8日至10日在北京召开。会议提出了2009年经济工作的总体要求，即立足扩大内需，保持经济平衡较快增长，加快发展方式转变和结构调整，提高可持续发展能力，深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展活力和动力，加强社会建设，加快解决涉及群众利益的难点热点问题，促进经济社会又好又快发展。会议强调，必须把保持经济平稳较快增长，作为2009年经济工作的首要任务。 要着力在保增长上下功夫，把扩大内需作为保增长的根本途径，把力证快发展方式转变和结构调整作为保增长的主攻方向，     

改革开放以来我国金融发展与经济增长的实证研究

30年的金融改革，使我国金融发展水平得到极大的提升，金融对实体经济的影响也大大增强，目前我国继续推行以金融自由化为核心金融改革。本文回顾了30年我国经济与金融发展的历程，分析了我国金融是发展内层次原因，探讨了金融发展与经济增长的关系，对今后的金融改革提出了思考。     

基于产业集群的北京经济技术开发区城市化研究

北京经济技术开发区经过十几年的发展，经济总量大幅增长，工业化水平迅速提高，成功完成了“第一次创业”。面对新的发展环境，北京经济技术开发区要保持经济的高位运行，必须通过城市化功能的开发，实现经济增长方式的转变与创新。文章分析了北京经济技术开发区城市化的必要性，从产业集群的视角对北京经济技术开发区城市化问题进行了研究。     

气候变化政治对海湾国家的影响

海湾地区气候炎热,淡水资源缺乏。长期以来,海湾国家主要依靠能源出口获取大量资金,借此修建海水淡化工厂等各种设施以适应和改善气候环境的影响。近年来,国际社会在应对全球变暖问题的协调合作中,已形成一种处理全球气候变化的政治。气候变化政治要求各国减少能源消耗和降低二氧化碳排放量以缓解全球变暖趋势,从而对海湾国家以能源出口收益来维护生存环境和社会稳定的基本经济模式构成冲击。面对气候变化政治带来的冲击,海湾国家目前的权宜选择只能是继续扩大能源出口,并尽量拖延实施气候变化协议来进行应对。然而,这种做法虽可以暂时保持海湾国家改善环境的努力和维护其经济政治结构稳定,但却难以消除全球气候变化政治今后长期推动能源结构调整和节能减排所带来的压力。     

牧民应对气候变化的社会脆弱性——以内蒙古荒漠草原的一个嘎查为例

在全球变暖的影响下,干旱区本身易变的气候条件呈现暖干趋势和更高的不可预测性。面对变化的自然条件,牧民适应能力的强弱取决于当地的社会经济制度是否有利于牧民采取有效的应对和适应策略。本文选择内蒙古锡林郭勒盟荒漠草原的一个嘎查为例,基于近40年的气象数据以及两次田野调查数据,从社会脆弱性的两个过程——风险暴露和应对能力——出发,分析案例地牧民应对自然灾害能力的脆弱性。研究表明,在全球气候变暖的影响下,案例地近40年有暖干趋势,协同灾害增多;而草场划分到户和市场机制的引入不仅增加了牧民的风险暴露程度,而且使牧民原有低成本的灾害应对策略失效,牧民不得不依赖高成本的贮备和移动策略。此外,中央和地方政府实施的一系列草场保护项目又给牧民的灾害应对施加了诸多限制,由此导致牧民应对气候变化的能力减弱,脆弱性增加。     

Sustainable lifestyles for all? Disability equality,sustainability and the limitations of current UK policy

In recent years, various environmental threats have been highlighted in relation to disability. Growing knowledge of the effects of climate change and particular impacts on disabled people have been highlighted by a number of authors, including a recent critique of disabled people’s ‘vulnerability’ with respect to environmental hazard. This article focuses on the issue of citizen involvement with climate change mitigation – and more broadly individual and household-level efforts to reduce our impact on the environment. These more mundane aspects of climate change mitigation, for example through transitions to more sustainable lifestyles, also have significant implications for disabled people. The article argues that disability equality is a key component of sustainability. Limitations are demonstrated in policy designed to address these issues using the example of current UK policy, and it is suggested that policy approaches to sustainability should also be a concern of disability studies.     

Land-use and environmental pressures resulting from current and future bioenergy crop expansion: A review

Recent energy and climate policies, particularly in the developed world, have increased demand for bioenergy² as an alternative, which has led to both direct and indirect land-use changes and an array of environmental and socio-economic concerns. A comprehensive understanding of the land-use dynamics of bioenergy crop production is essential for the development of sustainable bioenergy and land-use policies. In this paper, we review the patterns and dynamics of land-use change associated with bioenergy crops (hereafter referred to as ’bioenergy-driven land-use change’). The review focuses on four regions as the most prominent locations in which these patterns and changes occur: Brazil; Indonesia and Malaysia; the United States of America (U.S.A.); and the European Union (EU). The review confirms that bioenergy-driven land-use change has affected and will impact most severely on the ’land- and resource-abundant’ developing regions, such as Brazil, where economic development takes priority over sustainable land-use policies, and the enforcement capability is limited. Opportunities for more effective policy are available through the development of international climate change policy (e.g. REDD under the UNFCCC), and certification criteria for sustainable bioenergy products (e.g. EU RED). However, bioenergy produced from no and/or less land-using feedstocks (e.g. wastes and residues), and their associated technologies must be given higher priority to minimise bioenergy-driven land-use change and its negative impacts.     

The evolution of the policy environment for climate change migration in Bangladesh: Competing narratives,coalitions and power

In spite of an enormous increase in attention to climate migration in Bangladesh, institutional weaknesses have meant that unplanned migration has triggered social issues. This situation requires investigation of the main challenges and opportunities in institutional capacity and policy development for climate change induced migration. Drawing on different narratives, networks and power status of stakeholders, this study identifies two competing coalitions: ‘in‐situ’ coalition, which shares the belief that migration is a failure of adaptation, and ‘ex‐situ’ coalition adhering to the emerging slogan of “migration as adaptive strategy.” The differentiated powers of two coalitions to some extent leave the agenda of climate migration in the policy domain as a subject of informal institutional capacity rather than a formal regulatory framework. Consequently, the evolution of the policy environment for climate migration depends on how effectively a greater policy space is determined by narratives, coalitions and power. Through a political economy lens, this article seeks to clarify the potential approaches to extending the policy space regarding climate migration in Bangladesh, first by improving ideological pluralism in international climate change finance, and, second, enhancing the bottom‐up process for resource mobilization. In short, the evolution of the policy environment for climate change largely depends on the political power of the ‘ex‐situ’ coalition.     

Greening transport in Sweden: the role of the organic intellectual in changing union climate change policy

ABSTRACT

This article engages with the role of the individual in transforming union organizations by discussing the experiences of Ulf Jarnefjord and his efforts to introduce climate change policies into the Swedish Transport Workers’ Union [Transportarbetareförbundet]. Research investigating the integration of climate change policies into the agenda of Swedish trade unions has identified a disconnect between policy development among leaders on the one hand, and engagement among members on the other. Employing the life-history interview method, and the analytical concept of ‘organic intellectual’, this article focusses on the ways in which Ulf, as a regional health and safety officer, has experienced engaging with climate change issues in relation to both members and the leadership of his union. His experiences point to the importance of learning about how climate change and production impact on the everyday lives of members for developing and mobilizing support for climate change policies in unions.     

Re-assembling climate change policy: Materialism,posthumanism, and the policy assemblage

National and international policy-makers have addressed threats to environmental sustainability from climate change and other environmental degradation for over 30 years. However, it is questionable whether current policies are socially, politically, economically, and scientifically capable of adequately resolving these threats to the planet and living organisms. In this paper we theorize and develop the concept of a “policy assemblage” from within a new materialist ontology, to interrogate critically four policy perspectives on climate change: “liberal environmentalism”; the United Nations policy statements on sustainable development; “green capitalism” (also known as “climate capitalism”) and finally “no-growth economics.” A materialist analysis of interactions between climate change and policies enables us to establish what each policy can do, what it ignores or omits, and consequently its adequacy to address environmental sustainability in the face of climate change. None, we conclude, is adequate or appropriate to address climate change successfully. We then use this conceptual tool to establish a “posthuman” policy on climate change. Humans, from this perspective, are part of the environment, not separate from or in opposition to it, but possess unique capacities that we suggest are now necessary to address climate change. This ontology supplies the starting point from which to establish sociologically a scientifically, socially, and politically adequate posthuman climate change policy. We offer suggestions for the constituent elements of such a policy.     

Can Wind Energy Make a Real Contribution to Improve the Quality of Life of Rural/Remote Areas? The European Union and India Compared

Renewable energy can represent a solution to a series of issues including the scarcity of fossil resources, their growing cost, their impact on the environment in terms of greenhouse emissions and climate change. Renewable energy, in particular, could represent an aid to face the problems of isolation and resulting economic and social disadvantages in rural and remote areas of developed but, over all, developing countries, where their use can be a solution to provide electricity and services to resident populations in a sustainable way (both from an economic and environmental point of view) and so could contribute to improve the standards and quality of life in these areas. Wind energy, in particular, has confirmed its worldwide success story as the most dynamically growing energy source. This makes interesting a deepening of benefits but also of criticalities which characterise this kind of energy resource, having in mind that recent studies have foreseen that wind energy would conquer a 50% market share of new power plant installations worldwide by 2019.     

Changing Gears: Shifting to an Environmental Perspective in Social Work Education

This paper seeks to add to the growing literature on environmental social work education which suggests the need for a fundamental rethinking of the humanistic values and theories informing social work to embrace concerns relating to environmental degradation and climate change. For the most part, social work's interest in the environment to date relates to human needs. Of most concern here is the over-representation of people in poverty and subsistence among those impacted by deforestation and climate injustice. However, even here the emphasis is on the human experience of environmental and climate change when this is an outcome of human actions and structural inequalities. The paper begins with an overview of the theoretical terrain of environmental thought before examining issues in relation to perspective transformation and the implications for under- and post-graduate curriculum development.     

Tackling Climate Change Through Social Change: A Comparative Analysis

In recent years there has been a widespread perception of climate change as a growing threat to security, both at the individual level and at the international level. This increased attention is mainly due to scientific research, which indicates that climate change is a process already underway, with observable facts and potentially serious consequences. Moreover, according to some scholars, even the immediate implementation of stringent mitigation measures—i.e. reducing greenhouse gas emissions—would not contain the effects of climate change in coming decades, making it necessary to combine the efforts of mitigation policies targeted for the prevention of major threats. Are there any chances for climate stabilization to be sustainable with the economic growth required under a capitalist system? On the one hand, climate environmentalists raise concerns about the risks associated with global warming. On the other hand, leading economists’ main concern is to foster economic growth, thus, a trade off is advocated. In fact, policy-makers are unlikely to impose a burden on the economic growth of their own country in order to meet the targets imposed by the international climate change agreements. This work intends to identify and suggest a framework for climate policies, with the aim to maximize social consensus, through an integration of the issues raised by both disputing fields. A proposed solution is to take into consideration an additional GDP driver, the so-called human capital that would allow a social change.