论私营企业分配制度的建立与完善

构建符合现代企业制度要求的私营企业分配制度,是完善私营企业激励机制,协调劳资利益,实现私营企业持续发展与构建和谐社会的必然抉择.但我国大部分私营企业分配制度不健全,需要通过建立私营企业工资正常增长机制、完善三方利益协调机制和工资集体谈判机制、健全企业财会制度和工资支付保障机制以及劳资双方利润共享机制等举措,尽快建立健全私营企业分配制度.     

工资制度的市场化改革问题

我国工资收入分配差距扩大的重要原因在于没有形成符合市场经济要求的工资形成机制,工资的分配体系和分配结构也没有随用工模式的市场化而与之相匹配。工资制度改革的基本目标在于:通过制度和机制确立工资价格的基本形成机制,来推动工资价格合理反映劳动力的市场价值,从而推动劳动力市场的形成,促进劳动关系的市场转型。应当以工资集体协商为核心,构建契合市场机制的工资制度框架,优化工资分配理念,执行发展型的工资政策,并跟进配套机制的体系建设。     

中国养老金调节机制设计研究

养老金的调节机制是保证退休劳动者可以分享未来经济增长成果的有效机制.由于经济增长不等于工资增长,所以在设计养老金分享经济增长的调节机制的时候要同时考虑未来的工资增长率和人口老龄化率.借鉴德国2003年养老保险改革的经验,在养老金的调整机制中引入考虑人口老龄化因素的调节因子,这种分享机制能更好地配合我国基本养老金调整机制的需要,而且对未来我国的经济发展有更强的适应能力.     

德国集体谈判对完善我国行业性工资集体协商制度的启示

德国独特的集体谈判模式,尤其是行业层面的劳资谈判模式对稳定劳资关系起到了重要的作用.我国行业性工资集体协商制度已有了基本的构建,但仍存在诸多问题.本文以德国模式为视角,提出了进一步完善我国行业性工资集体协商的主体与内容、发挥行业性三方协商机制、健全工资协商等配套法规等措施.     

农民工工资问题探析

农民工虽为我国的现代化建设作出重要贡献,却被有意无意地排斥在社会的边缘且倍受歧视,在工资保障方面,不但工资水平普遍偏低和工资增长速度缓慢,而且同工不同酬现象十分严重:不但工资被拖欠克扣和难于拿到加班工资,而且还会因讨薪受到暴力的侵害.农民工工资的保障,对维护法律的尊严和促进社会的和谐发展有着极其深远的意义.为保障农民工能准时足额地领取到工资,除了强调法律的保护之外,还应该强调农民工应该享受到的国民待遇,强调企业应该承担的社会责任,强调政府执政为民的职责和建立多层次的保护机制.     

欧洲福利政策的转型及其启示

如何为非正式就业群体提供社会保护是目前中国社会政策发展面临的新挑战。在欧洲福利改革中,德国选择"加层"弹性就业者的保障,英国增加技能培训和削减社会福利,丹麦将慷概社会安全体系和积极劳动市场措施结合起来,目的都是加强劳动市场的弹性安全。对此,中国社会政策必须有所借鉴,从"就业保护"思维向"失业保护"观念转变,加强工资协调机制作用,调和攸关利益者之间关系,以切实保障政策实施的连续性。     

劳动生产率增长速度快于工资增长速度的必然性

本文试图论证:劳动生产率增长的速度必须超过工资增长的速度,是一个客观的经济规律,而不是根据社会主义建设某一时期的需要由党和国家确定的一项暂时性的原则。从理论上正确地解决这个问题,对党和国家确定工资增长的速度具有重大的意义。劳动生产率增长的速度必须超过工资增长的速度,是我国、苏联、各人民民主国家在提高工资、确定工资增长速度时共同遵循的一项重要原则。早在1924年俄共(布)中央委员会关于工资政策的     

劳动生产率对工资的影响——基于动态面板数据的广义矩估计方法

使用1992—2008年省级动态面板数据对中国劳动生产率对工资的影响进行研究,结果表明,劳动生产率对中国的工资具有一定的正面影响,但是其影响程度还较低,说明中国工资机制的市场化水平还不高;工资对劳动生产率的反应具有一定的滞后性;控制变量中,利润率和通货膨胀也对工资有正向效应;另外,东、中、西不同地区的工资形成机制存在一定差异。     

刘易斯模型、劳动力价值与农民工工资决定

刘易斯的二元经济模型不适用于我国农村劳动力转移的现实.改革开放之初,我国非市场化工资制度和农民工生存形态二元性的共同作用使得农业人均收入低于农业劳动力价值,农业劳动力价值低于农民工工资.此后,现实的生存压力和逐步加快的市场化进程使农村劳动力快速且过度地向城市转移,由于竞争性机制的不断挤压使得农民工工资低于农业劳动力价值.当前,农业人均收入、农民工工资和农业劳动力价值的相互扭曲是一系列错纵复杂的农民工问题的根源.     

丹麦预防青少年犯罪的机制--SSP

SSP是丹麦预防青少年犯罪的重要机制.这一机制是学校、社会和警察的一种合作形式.SSP合作的中心目标是建立一个地方性的网络以保护儿童和青少年在日常生活中免于各种违法和犯罪行为的侵害.从多年来的运作效果看,SSP已成为一种预防青少年犯罪的成功模式.     

政府治理农民工工资拖欠问题的路径优化：以重庆市江北区为例

农民工问题的关键是收入问题,而解决农民工收入问题的首要任务便是解决工资拖欠问题。作为相关政策落实的试点地区与成功范例,重庆市江北区人民政府在农民工工资拖欠问题的治理中发挥了积极的作用,为全国其他地市提供了宝贵的善治经验。政府治理农民工工资问题,应落实责任制,切实加强对清理拖欠工作的组织领导;全面建立农民工工资保障制度;设立统一的劳务服务管理机构,完善政策法规维权机制。     

Competing for jobs: Labor queues and gender sorting in the hiring process

While much research has documented the pattern and extent of sex segregation of workers once they are employed, few studies have addressed the pre-hire mechanisms that are posited to produce sex segregation in employment. While the notion of a labor queue—the rank order of the set of people that employers choose among—plays a prominent role in pre-hire accounts of job sex sorting mechanisms, few studies have examined the ways in which job candidates are sorted into labor queues. In this paper, we explore the mechanisms by which labor queues contribute to the gendering of jobs by studying the hiring process for all jobs at a call center. Being placed in a queue has a clear gendering effect on the hiring process: the sex distribution of applicants who are matched to queues and those who are rejected at this phase diverge, and among those assigned to queues, women are prevalent in queues for low pay, low status jobs. The screening process also contributes to the gendering of the population of hires at this firm. Females are more prevalent among hires than they are among candidates at initial queue assignment. Among high status jobs, however, males are more prevalent than females. Moreover, there are important wage implications associated with matching to queues. While there are large between-queue sex differences in the paid wages associated with allocation to queues, once allocated to queues the wage differences between male and female candidates are nil. Consequently, the roots of gender wage inequality in this setting lie in the initial sorting of candidates to labor queues.     

Period effects,cohort effects,and the narrowing gender wage gap

Despite the abundance of sociological research on the gender wage gap, questions remain. In particular, the role of cohorts is under investigated. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we use age–period–cohort analysis to uniquely estimate age, period, and cohort effects on the gender wage gap. The narrowing of the gender wage gap that occurred between 1975 and 2009 is largely due to cohort effects. Since the mid-1990s, the gender wage gap has continued to close absent of period effects. While gains in female wages contributed to declines in the gender wage gap for cohorts born before 1950, for later cohorts the narrowing of the gender wage gap is primarily a result of declines in male wages.     

出口贸易提高了出口企业工资水平吗?——基于1999—2007年我国企业微观数据的实证分析

运用1999—2007年中国160多万家工业企业的微观数据,检验出口贸易是否提高了出口企业的工资水平,分析表明:出口企业与非出口企业存在显著的工资差异,出口企业的工资比非出口企业大约高7.1%;出口企业未出口前与其他持续非出口企业的工资水平不存在显著差别,甚至低于非出口企业。因此,出口贸易的确提高了出口企业的工资水平。     

心理资本与农民工工资收入的相互影响——以浙江省为例

利用来自浙江省微观层面农民工调查的数据,采用联立方程计量方法,本文实证考察了心理资本与农民工工资收入之间的相互关系。结果表明,心理资本与农民工工资收入之间存在联立性。心理资本对农民工工资水平产生了正向的显著影响,同时相对工资水平也显著影响了农民工的心理资本。人力资本(健康状况和教育年限)不仅对农民工的收入获得具有直接效应,而且还可以通过影响农民工的心理资本对其工资水平产生间接效应。     

工资决定的行为与制度分析

新古典工资理论很难解释现实的工资差异等问题,新制度经济学把劳动合同的不完全性和劳动市场竞争的不完全性引入,从劳动市场不完全性角度来解释了这些问题。后来的行为和实验经济学研究则给出了不同的证据和结论。这些研究发现,劳动市场参与人是满足行为偏好的,具有公平和互惠动机,公平规范等非正式制度在实际的工资决定中起着重要作用。基于新制度经济学的制度设计,必须和基于行为与实验经济学的规范形成互补,才能真正发挥劳动市场的资源配置作用。     

邯郸市涉法涉诉信访现状、原因及对策

劳动工资统计事关各级政府制定劳动政策、实行宏观决策和调控等。随着社会经济的不断发展,劳动工资统计工作也在不断地发生着变化。文章针对当前劳动工资统计中存在的问题及对策进行了初步的探讨。     

Network effects across the earnings distribution: Payoffs to visible and invisible job finding assistance

This study makes three critical contributions to the “Do Contacts Matter?” debate. First, the widely reported null relationship between informal job searching and wages is shown to be mostly the artifact of a coding error and sample selection restrictions. Second, previous analyses examined only active informal job searching without fully considering the benefits derived from unsolicited network assistance (the “invisible hand of social capital”) – thereby underestimating the network effect. Third, wage returns to networks are examined across the earnings distribution. Longitudinal data from the NLSY reveal significant wage returns for network-based job finding over formal job searching, especially for individuals who were informally recruited into their jobs (non-searchers). Fixed effects quantile regression analyses show that contacts generate wage premiums among middle and high wage jobs, but not low wage jobs. These findings challenge conventional wisdom on contact effects and advance understanding of how social networks affect wage attainment and inequality.     

中国农民工资性收入波动特征及原因分析

目前,我国农民收入来源多元化趋势日趋明显,农民工资性收入在农民收入中的比重逐年上升,虽然尚不是农民收入最主要的组成部分,但是却已经成为促进农民增收的最主要来源,农民工资性收入增长水平和速度将直接影响到我国农民增收的效果。我国农民工资性收入波动存在明显的阶段性、周期性变化特征,通过对改革开放以来我国农民工资性收入波动特征及波动原因进行深入分析,有助于为巩固提高农民工资性收入,进一步促进农民增收提供客观的参考依据。     

The motherhood wage penalty: A meta-analysis

Mothers tend to receive lower wages than comparable childless women. This ‘motherhood wage gap’ has been reported in numerous studies. We summarize the existing empirical evidence on this topic using meta-analysis and test for several mechanisms which can be responsible for the persistence of the wage gap. Based on 208 wage effects of having exactly one child and 245 wage effects of the total number of children, we find an average motherhood wage gap of around 3.6–3.8%. While the gaps associated with the total number of children are mostly explained by the loss of mothers' human capital during child-related career breaks, the gaps associated with one child are predominantly driven by mothers' choice of jobs and occupations that pay less. The residual gap is smallest in Nordic countries, where public policies actively support gender equality and reconciliation of work and family, as well as Belgium and France, and largest in the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries.