描不尽的容貌 化不开的浓情——论宫体诗的审美特征

在中国文学史上,第一次大量、集中、大胆真率地表现人的外貌,尤其是女性的外貌的,就是宫体诗。它的出现,对人的外在形貌和内心世界的描绘都体现了一种迥异于传统的新的审美意识。尽管宫体诗在对人的审美观念上并没有鲜明系统的理论主张,但却流露于君主、大臣对宫体诗的创作中。归纳起来主要表现在形神、情理这两对范畴的审美倾向上。一在形神关系上,宫体诗贵形不贵神,而传统的审美观则贵神不贵形。以庄子为代表的道家由于强调人的精神同宇宙的本体“道”的融合统一,表现在审美观上,他们尤其强调超出     

心灵胎记与文学超越——莫言散文的“故乡意象”与艺术传达

莫言散文中关于故乡的描写,形成了其独特的"故乡意象",而"饥饿"与"匮乏"是这一意象的核心内质,如同生长于作家心灵的"胎记",始终贯穿于其文学创作,被从不同角度、以不同形式、呈不同姿态,反复纳入写作视野、取材范围与表现范畴,构成了莫言绝大多数作品的审美特质,亦成为探求莫言创作历程,观照与研究其文学创作独特性的最佳视角之一。     

焦循人性论辨析

焦循是清代对孟子性善说申发最用力者,他强调"性,生而然者也",其人性论立论基点是"智,人也;不智,禽兽也",故人性善,禽兽之性不善。焦循认为,人具"四端",人能知,人可教而明,人知情有欲求精妍,人可使"欲"从自然达至必然,人知尊贤采善,人知权善变,人可"旁通"情欲,故人性善。焦循在承认人性是本然之性、生而有之的前提之下,通过人兽对比,着力证明人具"四端"的社会属性是善的,以文明、智慧力证人性善。     

京西涿鹿、阪泉非炎、黄、蚩尤战地说

<正> 言北京故实者,欲北京地区成为我民族发祥之地,常谓黄帝轩辕氏兴于京西涿鹿.此不独近人,李白亦尝曰"燕山雪花大如席,片片吹落轩辕台",明人黄佐《北京赋》且谓"粤若稽古,帝轩都涿".此未足怪,因为西晋皇甫谧作《帝王世纪》,已说上谷郡涿鹿县"黄帝所都,有蚩尤城、阪泉池、黄帝祠",东汉应劭也已说黄帝战蚩尤于"涿     

论唐太宗的诗及其对转变诗风所起的作用

政治上的唐太宗似乎早有定论,而文学上的唐太宗尚悬而未决。假如我们把梁、陈、隋三代帝王的诗作看作一个大背景,并从中探讨唐太宗的诗及其对转变诗风的作用,也许会对文学上的唐太宗作出近乎公允或比较合理的评价。一在这个大背景中,梁、陈作为前景,以萧衍、萧纲、陈后主的诗作为代表,梁、陈两朝是帝王宫体诗产生、发展以至堕落的时代;隋代作为后景,以隋炀帝的诗作为代表,如果套用闻一多先生“以宫体破宫体”的提法,隋朝则是“以山水破宫体”的时代(至于其程度、效果则又当别论)。梁、陈三主皆以宫体诗作见长。但其情况却各异。萧衍的宫体诗除《游女曲》     

关于《红楼梦》的地点问题--对红学史的一个检讨

<红楼梦>究竟写的是发生在什么地点的故事的问题,是"红学"研究中的一个争而不休的重要问题.俞平伯于20世纪初提出这一问题,遂引起了学人们的热烈讨论,或主北京,或主南京,或主长安,或主"运真实于虚构",迄今为止尚无令人信服的答案,进一步的探究是很有必要的.     

对音乐艺术审美教育的几点思考

"构建美育课程体系"是一个巨大工程。中国古代的"乐教",接近于现代美育的内涵。从以往音乐审美教育实验的案例来看,音乐的巨大教育功能与音乐审美的直接性、灵活性、持久性是其他形式的艺术不能比拟的。音乐课程作为美育的承载主体优势突出,应在体系构建中起主干作用。鉴于学校当前美育课程的贫乏、缺失,应开设音乐美育课程,发展音乐艺术审美教育。     

体味生活 反映时代——评孙培增的中国画创作

中国人物画在漫漫的历史长河中,逐渐形成了自己独立的体系和程式化的表现形式。无论是描绘精工严谨的"工笔",还是以挥笔洗练和发挥水墨为胜的"写意",都充分体现了中华民族的文化精神、审美情趣及其智     

分裂与聚合:互联网时代的技术身体研究——基于"网红脸"流行的分析

理解技术身体如何形成及其存在的问题是互联网时代对身体研究提出的新要求。以伊德的"三个身体理论"为研究框架、以"网红脸"的流行为具体研究对象,从物质身体、文化身体和技术身体三个方面对"网红脸"的诞生及流行过程进行分析,发现"网红脸"追求的是镜头下符合大众审美的技术身体,它虽然与物质身体相关,其诞生却是营销背景下大众审美与信息技术的合谋。审美政治对"网红脸"的不认可,源于将身体作为物来使用的身体技术和媒介报道框架的议程设置。人们拒斥文化身体层面被赋予了特定含义的"网红脸",却在物质身体上本能地倾向于"网红脸"审美,并且愿意通过技术身体实现自我与"网红脸"的整合。文化虽然无法适应新技术,技术却因为身体被理解,技术身体最终成为弥合文化与技术裂缝的中介。     

城市化进程中新居民文化消费及其审美心理的调查研究

从建设社会主义精神文明的高度和关注城市化进程中村转居社区新居民的精神层面上,从审美文化特别是审美心理的角度,对由村民变为市民的新居民的文化消费进行实际情况的调研,是透视我国城乡文化发展水平、缩小城乡差别,整合我国城乡文化的一个最好的窗口。调研结果表明:新居民在文化消费的行为中,折射出"短暂审美空白"、"不即不离"的审美心理距离、"陌生化的审美倾向"、审美欣赏结构单一化、审美定势的恶性循环、以"实用"为尺度的审美判断、对高雅文化的审美需求和期待、偏向于旅游的审美倾向、审美滞后和容易满足的一系列审美心理。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.