散居区学生的语言背景与双语教育——以黑龙江省朝鲜族为个案

通过对黑龙江省朝鲜族散居区学校就读学生的语言背景调查,发现散居区学校接受朝汉双语教育的学生民族构成多样化,第一语言以朝汉双语为主,校园语言环境以汉语为主,不同民族的学生对朝、汉两种语言均持有开放型语言态度。然后从社会经济、语言生态环境、文化心理、人口状况四个方面分析散居区文化生态环境,提出散居区双语教育应立足于当地的语言生态环境,发挥民族学校语言文化的优势,因地制宜地探索突破散居区文化生态环境束缚的出路。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族、汉族城市居民的语言使用与族际交往

语言是各族群之间相互交往的重要工具,语言能力制约着族际交往的广度和深度.本文将族际交往区分出初级群体内的交往、次级群体内的交往、群体之外对象不特定的交往等三个层次,并具体分析了乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族城市居民在这三个层次上的语言使用情况.再结合语言能力、民族政策等因素,指出乌鲁木齐市维汉居民之间的族际交往存在着一种相对隔离的状态,在学校、工作单位等次级群体内隔离状态较为明显,在群体之外对象不特定的日常生活的族际交往中也存在一定的相对隔离.     

我国的语言和语言群体

语言和语言群体是同目前民族学界讨论的与民族和族群问题有关的一对范畴。同一语言的使用者不一定有共同的语言交际行为和语言认同态度 ,因此语言和语言群体可能是不一致的 ,语言群体相对语言来说应该是第一性的。在没有超方言的民族共同语或标准语的情况下 ,方言更接近语言群体 ,有更多的共同的交际行为和认同感。双语现象的出现使语言群体向更大的双语或多语的语言群体发展。文章对影响我国少数民族语言群体的年龄、地区分布和语言使用场合等因素做了具体的分析。     

认知与建构:清代新疆语言政策的历史考察

新疆自古以来就是一个语言多样性丰富的多民族地区.这种语言现实和语言格局影响了清朝政府的语言观念和语言态度,使其制定了符合新疆实际的维汉双语政策,从而提升了维吾尔语的社会地位,建构了维吾尔族对于清朝政府的认同.     

莫旗达斡尔族语言兼用现状的历史背景分析

基于莫旗达斡尔族语言调查样本数据分析基础之上,对该旗达斡尔族的达汉双语现象及其成因进行了深入分析.作者认为,莫旗达斡尔族的语言兼用现象由来已久,清代的满达兼用现象为达斡尔族兼用汉语奠定了良好的基础.清末以来,达斡尔族接受汉语教育及由此形成的对汉语及汉文化高度的认同,则为达汉双语现象的形成和发展起到了重要的推动作用.     

金秀大瑶山各族群语言使用状况的调查 --对统计数据和问卷数据的分析

随着人口流动的加快和族际交往的日益频繁,广西金秀大瑶山各族群的语言使用状况正发生显著的变化,一定比例的瑶族成员已经不会瑶语,而瑶、汉、壮等族成员普遍具有使用多种语言进行社会交往的能力。在族际交往的过程中,汉语方言(主要是桂柳话)目前仍维持着强势的地位,并成为大瑶山各族群人口重要的通用语言。     

南岭走廊族群的语言接触与互动 ——以萌渚岭中段贺州为个案

贺州地处萌渚岭中段、 湘粤桂三省区交界地带,这里世居着壮、 汉、 瑶、 苗等族群.这些语言族群长期以来与汉语方言族群毗邻,随着经济、 文化的交往,语言接触互动成为必然.区域族群语言互动的原动力来自彼此的多层次需要,其差异根源在于族群文化内在的认知结构及文化语法.这种差异表征在语言上为语言符号的非对应性,族际互动可以有效解决这一问题.互动的形式通常有语言互用、 词语互借、 语法互适,不管何种形式,都必须建立在语言族群个体或群体认同的基础上.语言的彼此认同互动,有利于语言和族际关系和谐.     

壮族与客家族群互动中的语言关系

在壮族与客家族群互动中,由于语言竞争、互补和同盟,形成了双语制、语言转用、语言成分借用的语言关系类型。随着社会的发展和族群关系的变化,两个族群的语言关系将出现竞争减弱、互补变化、同盟延续的特点,并最终走向和谐共生。     

语言使用与族群关系(民族社会学连载之三)

语言文字是各族群传统文化的载体 ,也是民众日常交往的工具 ,从而一定程度上成为族群的象征和标志 ,其使用情况可以反映族群之间的关系。本文介绍了一些国家的语言政策、我国各族群的语言使用情况及其所体现的族群关系状况 ,并结合学校教学语言的使用 ,讨论了少数族群教育的模式和发展趋势。     

塔什库尔干塔吉克族语言使用与语言态度调查

新疆塔什库尔干县的塔吉克族较好地保持了本民族语言.随着交通、通讯、广播电视和教育等事业的发展,塔吉克人的语库逐渐扩大,很多人成为双语人或多语人,在县城及周边地区,兼通塔吉克语、维吾尔语和汉语的塔吉克人正变得越来越多.塔吉克族对本族语积极的语言态度有助于塔吉克语的继续保持,而其对汉语的高度认同将成为促进汉语教学进一步发展的有利因素.     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.