社会人类学的都市族群研究

从社会人类学的视角对都市族群研究进行文献综述和理论回顾,并对我国都市族群研究的可能性方向和研究方法进行探索,指出我国都市族群研究至少包括三个领域:(一)海(境)外华人在中国都市的族群认同、文化认同、国家认同表述研究;(二)少数民族融入大都市之后的族群、文化与社会认同表述研究;(三)新移民进入都市之后的族群性地域认同研究。都市族群研究内容包括认同建构研究、文化表述研究、大都市人意识与身份的形成过程研究。在研究中应注意族群内心情感问题、族群形成过程问题、认同的理性选择问题和历史记忆在认同建构中的作用问题。     

再媒介化视域下中国当代少数民族文化身份建构与传播研究

文化身份问题是中国少数民族文化研究的重要内容。全球化与现代化的快速发展使得文化身份的固定语义不断地经历嬗变与转化。在此语境下,当代中国少数民族文化身份的建构不可避免地面临两难境地,即内在身份建构场域与外在身份建构情境的割裂与对立。本文从媒介关系转型拓展的角度,探究再媒介化在当代中国少数民族文化身份建构中的关键作用。再媒介化既广泛存在网络游戏、ＶＲ影视等视听文本,为界定族群文化身份提供考察视角;又深耕于影像文本,借助文化还原、情境建构等动态化视觉体验,为建构族群文化身份提供影像凭证。在再媒介化与族群文化身份的互动中,族群得以深度阐释其文化身份建构与传播的过程,并期待再媒介化理性发挥媒介的建构优势与传播使命,促进当代中国少数民族文化身份的合理建构。     

民族旅游文献中的文化认同研究

文章对近年来国内外民族旅游与文化认同的研究进行了详细的梳理,发现国外对于民族旅游与文化认同的研究主要集中在民族国家的文化认同、地方族群的文化认同、地方族群的文化变迁以及民族艺术品的转化与复兴等四个方面.而国内对民族旅游与文化认同的研究主要集中在族群身份与文化认同、现代化与民族文化复兴等两个方面.文化认同既有来自主流社会的建构,也有地方族群的自我认知.在旅游发展这样一个特定的历史场景中,频繁的人员流动和文化之间的交往接触引起地方民族对我者和他者的文化判别,进而形成了对本民族文化认同的考量.     

美国瑶族身份认同的物化表达——以“尤勉”刺绣与服饰为例

在新的社会文化环境中,移民会对自我身份进行建构,或认同于原族群身份,又或归属于新的身份。本文所研究的瑶族"尤勉"支系,从东南亚移民到美国后,仍认同于尤勉的身份,其表达身份认同最为显著的方式是延续尤勉的刺绣和传统服饰。通过这一方式,美国尤勉不但在新生活的社区中凸显了尤勉的身份,还与远在东南亚的跨国尤勉建立了族群认同维持的纽带。另外,尤勉刺绣与服饰仍在美国尤勉社会中存续的本质是其连接了跨国尤勉的精神与神灵世界。     

超越“族群－民族”二元框架：边界建构范式和认同情境论对中华民族共同体研究的启示

“文化多元”和“政治一体”之间的逻辑张力被认为是构建中华民族共同体认同的主要挑战。多元化和社会团结之间的矛盾贯穿着民族国家建构的普遍过程。作为对国族认同危机的回应,文化－政治二元论在很长时间内主导了西方民族认同研究,构建了一套现代性的话语体系。在该话语体系中,民族是现代化过程中出现的一定地理范围内具有政治意涵的共同体,而族群是由血缘和历史传承下来的文化界定的人群。民族认同和国家认同重合,具有内部的同质性和稳定性;族群却被认为可能给民族认同的稳定性带来挑战。发端于“文化转向”的边界建构范式和以行动者为中心的认同情境论在一定程度上超越了现代性话语。在边界建构范式中,民族和族群认同同属一个分析范畴,本质上都是自我和他者间边界塑造的社会过程,是通过意义赋予实现的。身份认同建构既是个人主观能动性的体现,又受到文化和社会结构的限制。认同情境论的主张是,身份认同的构建受到不同情境的制约。边界建构范式和认同情境论有助于我们跳出现代性话语框架下的政治/民族－文化/族群的二元论,对我们探究中华民族共同体认同的特征有启发意义。     

现代旅游语境中的“自我”与“他者”——对九寨沟《藏谜》表演者文化身份建构的思考

随着现代旅游进入东道主社会,"主—客"间的互动成为可能。作为旅游场景中一个特殊群体,少数民族表演者的个人经历在这种互动中受到深刻影响,包括生存环境、生活习惯、人际交往、宗教信仰等。本文以九寨沟旅游表演《藏谜》中的藏族表演者为例,探讨表演者在舞台表演与日常生活中所经历的变化,指出这些改变其实质是对"自我"和"他者"表述的完成,其新的文化身份的建构是少数族群在理解自我传统与现实的基础上的自我抉择。     

美国少数族群的双重认同轨迹及其影响

族群认同问题是民族问题中的核心问题。对于国际社会中处于多数的多民族国家而言,如何有效构建统一的国家认同和社会认同将是关乎国家团结统一的关键性问题。我们是谁?我们属于谁?随着族群生存环境和社会环境的变化,族群的认同总是会发生某种程度上的波动性变化,进行自我身份的再认知和认同的自我调整,这种情况在移民国家更为明显。在美国身份认同政治氛围高涨的情况下,本文通过对美国少数族群双重认同的形成、互动轨迹、影响因素及配合因素等进行综合分析,解析双重认同存在的根源,以为多民族国家加强对少数族群认同的认识和国家认同的建构提供借鉴。     

社会记忆:民族文学作为族群叙事文本--以瑶族创世古歌《密洛陀》的族群认同功能为例

在当代社会文化人类学的研究中,“认同”(identity)研究成了近几十年来最“热”、最重要的问题之一,“认同理论”在很短的时间内广泛地为其他人文社会科学所借鉴和应用,批评理论也不例外。民族文学作为族群认同的一个文化栽体,为族群的自我认同提供了基础,诸如归属感、表达记忆的文本和认同共同的祖先等等。瑶族创世古歌《密洛陀》,包含有“一个族群的自我认同的多要素”,它同时对布努瑶族群、族群历史、族群认同和族群边界进行了建构和解释,并将族群、族群历史、族群认同和族群边界聚合为一个有机的整体,不断强化着族群中族民的认同和归属意识。     

现代国家与族群记忆重构——以西南民族地区为考察对象

在中国的多民族文化形成过程中,族群记忆起到了重要作用,它在实现了对族群文化价值传承的同时,也凝聚起少数民族共同体共同力量,进而形成对民族共同体的情感和忠诚。而在其中,国家始终是一个不可或缺的角色。国家在对民族地区的治理当中,试图通过控制和重构历史记忆来引导少数民族成员实现对国家的认同。其中,少数民族的民族教育是重要的柔性途径,国家在对少数民族的族群权利保障是重要的硬性途径,它们共同为现代国家认同的建构提供了坚实基础,实现了在对本民族文化认同基础上认同中华民族和中华文化,推动多民族国家建设的现代化进程。     

多维的矛盾:中国图瓦人的族群建构差异

族群进行的＂划界＂行动是在特定社会历史条件下族群精英因应某种利好利用学术精英的研究成果及族群文化实践而在族群内外展开的族群建构行动。20世纪七十年代末以来中国图瓦人的＂图瓦人＂族群建构肇始于学术精英对其族源的研究以及外界的持续关注,并在族群精英、地方政府以及文化精英等的助推下延伸到了普通大众。为期一年的参与观察及问卷调查证明：中国图瓦人的族群建构有着明显的区域、性别、年龄等维度上的层次差异,并因族群建构中去蒙古化乃至试图通过国家层面吁求＂图瓦族＂民族身份的确认而引发了族群内外的多维矛盾。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

Refugees,migrants, neither,both: categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis’

The use of the categories ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ to differentiate between those on the move and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of their claims to international protection has featured strongly during Europe’s ‘migration crisis’ and has been used to justify policies of exclusion and containment. Drawing on interviews with 215 people who crossed the Mediterranean to Greece in 2015, our paper challenges this ‘categorical fetishism’, arguing that the dominant categories fail to capture adequately the complex relationship between political, social and economic drivers of migration or their shifting significance for individuals over time and space. As such it builds upon a substantial body of academic literature demonstrating a disjuncture between conceptual and policy categories and the lived experiences of those on the move. However, the paper is also critical of efforts to foreground or privilege ‘refugees’ over ‘migrants’ arguing that this reinforces rather than challenges the dichotomy’s faulty foundations. Rather those concerned about the use of categories to marginalise and exclude should explicitly engage with the politics of bounding, that is to say, the process by which categories are constructed, the purpose they serve and their consequences, in order to denaturalise their use as a mechanism to distinguish, divide and discriminate.     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...     

Im/possible lives: gender,class, self-fashioning,and affinal solidarity in modern South Asia

Drawing on ethnographic research and employing a micro-historical approach that recognizes not only the transnational but also the culturally specific manifestations of modernity, this article centers on the efforts of a young woman to negotiate shifting and conflicting discourses about what a good life might consist of for a highly educated and high caste Hindu woman living at the margins of a nonetheless globalized world. Newly imaginable worlds in contemporary Mithila, South Asia, structure feeling and action in particularly gendered and classed ways, even as the capacity of individuals to actualize those worlds and the ‘modern’ selves envisioned within them are constrained by both overt and subtle means. In the context of shifting cultural anchors, new practices of silence, literacy, and even behaviors interpreted as ‘mental illness’ may become tactics in an individual's negotiation of conflicting self-representations. The confluence of forces at play in contemporary Mithila, moreover, is creating new structures of feeling that may begin to reverse long-standing locally held assumptions about strong solidarities between natal families and daughters, on the one hand, and weak solidarities between affinal families and new daughters-in-law, on the other.