论乌江流域少数民族地区改革开放成果分享的法制保障

加强乌江流域民族地区改革开放成果分享的法制保障具有非常重要的政治理论与现实实践意义,针对乌江流域民族地区改革开放成果分享法制保障存在的主要问题,我们应在完善乌江流域民族地区改革发展成果分享法律保障机制的法律理念及基本原则基础上,明确改革发展成果分享法律保障机制的基本框架及其核心内容,结合乌江流域民族地区的实际情况,重点...     

民族地区建设小康社会民族法制保障研究--以民族区域自治法配套法规建设为例

随着全面建设小康社会战略目标的提出,民族法制在民族地区和少数民族建设小康社会中的保障作用显得更加重要.以民族区域自治法为主的民族法制是我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分,对民族地区的发展起着重要作用.然而,民族法制建设还存在诸多问题.本文以自治法配套法规建设为例,就如何制定和完善民族地区建设小康社会的法制保障提出了建设性的思考和建议.     

中国共产党在西藏革命和建设中的实践与经验

自1951年西藏和平解放至今,中国共产党在西藏带领各族人民先后经历了革命、建设和改革开放的伟大实践,创造了前无古人的辉煌业绩.在50多年的实践过程中,中国共产党成功地制定了指导西藏革命和建设的正确方针,形成了系统的治藏方略,在革命和建设中积累了丰富的历史经验.这些历史经验是中国共产党根据中国革命和建设不平衡的特点在民族地区的伟大创造,是马克思主义民族理论与我国民族地区的实际相结合的重大成果.认真研究这些经验,对西藏的发展和稳定乃至中国西部边疆地区的发展和稳定有着重大的理论与实践意义.     

青海在祖国统一和国家安全大局中的地缘影响、角色定位及今后作用

青海地处我国西北部内陆腹地、青藏高原东北部,在祖国统一、国家安全大局中具有十分重要的地缘影响,在历史、现实中扮演了独特角色:一是历代中央政府和各势力集团极力开拓、争夺、经略之地;二是地缘交通和国防安全战略地位显重,连接西藏、新疆与祖国内地的核心纽带区;三是藏传佛教的重要传播区,也是宗教改革的策源地,许多青海高僧曾到蒙古地区传教;四是青海在维护民族团结和祖国统一方面有过特殊的经历和积淀;五是青海是“特殊制度”的重要实践区,对西藏的治理有重要的指导意义.基于此,今后党和国家应进一步发挥青海的政治作用,使之在民族复兴大业中应有无愧于历史和地缘的更大作为.     

毛泽东民族思想在西藏的实践

西藏问题是中国民族问题中较为突出而复杂的问题之一。西藏和平解放后的50多年,是毛泽东民族思想在西藏实践的50多年。总结这一伟大实践,有利于进一步解决好西藏问题,对于解决国内其他民族地区乃至国际民族问题也有借鉴意义。驱逐帝国主义势力出西藏,和平解放西藏在统一的多民族国家中,民族分裂往往是在外部势力的支持下进行的。帝国主义觊觑西藏,与帝国主义分割中国的历史是相一致的。1774年,东印度公司派秘书波格尔由不丹进藏,企图“和平通商”;1779年,英国驻印度总督赫斯定再次派忒涅·桑德潜入西藏活动。英帝国主义霸占西藏之心早已有之…     

加强民族法制建设促进民族地区经济发展

改革开放20多年来,我国的民族法制建设取得了巨大的成就,但也存在着诸多的问题.加强民族法制建设,进一步完善、健全民族法律体系,是建设社会主义法制国家的需要,也是促进民族地区经济发展的必然要求.     

第一讲 自成体系 独具特色(下)——民族法制的内容与特点

我国民族法制的概念和若干特点. 民族法制是解决民族问题的法律和制度的总和.它包括三个方面的内容:(1)民族法的制定.包括立法权、立法原则、立法机构、立法程序、立法技术等;(2)民族法的执行.民族自治地方的司法制度、司法程序及其他地区执行民族法的有关程序;(3)民族法的遵守.这里顺便强调一下,民族立法与民族法制是两个不同的概念,前者只是后者的一个组成部分. 任何法都是调整一定的社会关系的.法律     

透过六十年历史客观看待西藏经济社会发展的曲折性——纪念建党90周年与西藏和平解放60周年

自1951年5月23日与中央签订和平解放西藏的“十七条协议”以来,经过60年的风风雨雨,西藏已由一个政教合一、落后封闭野蛮的封建农奴社会逐步发展成一个充满活力的中国特色社会主义民族区域自治地区,西藏各族人民群众生活生产水平蒸蒸日上,经济社会发展日新月异.从事物发展的前进性与曲折性相统一、“实践、认识,再实践、再认识,循环往复,逐步深化”认识论的理论视角,对西藏和平解放60年以来西藏经济社会发展的曲折性进行历史梳理与学理分析,有利于深化认识西藏经济社会所带有的区域性与民族性的发展规律,进而助推西藏跨越式发展与长治久安.     

西藏城市化进程中的民族问题及其对策研究

西藏在城市化发展进程中,呈现出不同于其他民族地区的显著特征,也引发了一系列的民族问题。文章对西藏城市化进程中的特点及其城市化过程中引发的民族问题进行了分析归纳,并提出了解决城市化进程中出现的民族问题的一些对策。     

西藏传统文化与社会可持续发展的关系

西藏是一个极具特殊性的民族地区,藏民族长期形成的传统文化独具特色,并在西藏社会历史发展过程中发挥过重要作用。今天,西藏进行社会主义现代化建设,如何使西藏传统文化为西藏社会实现可持续发展发挥重要作用,是当今藏学研究的一个重点课题,文章就这一问题进行探讨。     

民族地区政府扶持法律制度完善研究

民族地区政府扶持法律制度是我国民族法制的重要组成部分,是少数民族地区发展的重要推动力量.但是它在指导思想和具体制度设计上还存在较多不完善之处.在指导思想上,这项法律制度以不可持续发展观为指导;在具体制度设计上,存在非具体性、非规范性、非稳定性和非协调性等缺陷.因此,在我国实施西部大开发战略,促进民族地区大发展的今天,应尽快转变民族地区政府扶持法律制度的指导思想,并实现民族地区政府扶持法律制度的具体化、规范化、稳定化以及协调化.     

西北民族省区城镇化战略模式选择与制度创新

本文在分析西北民族省区城镇化现状和归纳相关理论研究进展的基础上 ,从加快市场化进程的视角 ,讨论了市场主导型多元城镇化战略 ,并从具体区情出发 ,进一步阐述了市场主导型多元城镇化路径依赖。文中强调城镇化进程中政府规制与市场机制的正确定位 ,对创新户籍制度、城乡土地流转制度、社会保障制度、人口政策和设市体制的法律安排进行了探讨。     

西部民族地区社会经济发展的法律促进思考

西部大开发已实施几年,相关法律体系的建设仍显滞后。本文从法律运作的角度,探讨了促进西部民族发展的几个重要的法律问题及制订相关法律的必要性,以期为西部的发展提供可行的法律依据。     

自治市法律地位刍议

民族自治地方城市化是我国城市化的重要组成部分。我国自治地方城市化水平相对滞后,原因之一是宪法和自治法没有赋予自治市以自治地方的法律地位。宪法和自治法赋予自治市以自治州、自治县同样的法律地位,是自治地方城市化的必由之路和必然选择。     

新中国民族语言文字政策60年——纪念新中国成立60周年民族政策系列研究之七

民族区域自治,我国解决国内民族问题的基本政策,是我国的一项重要的政治制度.新中国成立60年来,中国共产党的民族区域自治理论有重大突破,我国的民族区域自治制度和民族区域自治法制建设有重大发展.     

创新理念 推进自治制度运行和自治地方治理现代化

Deepening reform, promoting the rule of law, and implementing the “Five Develop￣ment ” concepts have had a deep influence on the modernization of governance in ethnic autonomous regions. Based on a review of 30 years of success￣ful experiences in implementing ethnic regional au￣tonomous law, and focusing on the concepts of“innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing”, we need to conduct in -depth research on the ways to:promote governance by law, realize the modernization of governance;and promote the efficient implementation of ethnic autonomous systems in the ethnic autonomous re￣gion.
The 155 ethnic autonomous areas of China cover 64% of the total area of the country. There￣fore, the governance of the country cannot be a￣chieved without modernizing the governance in the ethnic autonomous regions. Modernizing the gov￣ernance in ethnic autonomous regions is a necessa￣ry element for modernizing the governance of the nation. The modernization of the ethnic autono￣mous regions actually means the legalization of the governance in ethnic autonomous areas, which is a main part of the legalization of the ethnic affairs.
The comprehensive, deepening of reform, and promoting governance by law have been strongly promoted. We should start from reality, respect differences, and take the development concepts of“innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing” into consideration so as to promote the ef￣ficient implementation of ethnic regional autono￣mous systems through various methods. We should update our concepts, weaken specificity, solidify locality, intensify new thinking, innovate the run￣ning of ethnic autonomous systems, and promote the modernization of governance in ethnic autono￣mous regions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the theories and practices used since the imple￣mentation of ethnic regional autonomous regula￣tions, and under the premise of intensifying “the legalization of ethnic affairs”, we should deepen the comprehensive reform of the ethnic autonomous regions, comprehensively promote the governance by law, and realize the goal of building a moder￣ately prosperous society as scheduled through im￣proving and innovating the running of ethnic re￣gional autonomous systems.
“Ethnic areas are districts with rich resources and water sources; they are ecological screen zones, cultural characteristic zones, border areas, and poor areas.” At the same time, due to histori￣cal, social and natural factors,“the natural condi￣tions of most ethnic areas are not good; their be￣ginning phase of development is low; they have many historical debts; they are located far away from the central markets and urban areas;their ur￣ban-rural gap is very obvious”, and “their gap with the eastern areas ( of China) is growing larger and larger”. The reform and the promotion of gov￣ernance by law in ethnic autonomous areas should put more emphasis on locality, ethnicity and “au￣tonomy”. Of course, we must avoid of “artificial￣ly” intensifying ethnic consciousness, and creating ethnic “differences”. Meanwhile, we should “im￣prove the capability for legal management of ethnic affairs”, “intensify the construction of laws and regulations related to ethnic work”, “legally han￣dle those issues involving ethnic factors”, “insist on resolving issues involving ethnic factors by the law, and avoid of regarding civil and criminal problems related to ethnic people as ethnic prob￣lems, or regarding common disputes in ethnic are￣as as ethnic problems. ”
We should affirm that China’s ethnic relations are harmonious, and that their economics are de￣veloping rapidly. Since the implementation of the policy of “reform and opening -up”, especially since 2005 , the economics in ethnic autonomous regions have developed dramatically; the people’s living conditions have continuously improved;bas￣ic infrastructure has significantly speeded up; and ecological protection has solidly improved. Howev￣er, the problems still prevail. For example, the poverty in ethnic areas is still serious—there are more than 25 million poor in ethnic rural areas. Therefore, the task of poverty alleviation is still very tough. In addition, the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions is very large in ethnic autonomous regions. Finally, the rate of urbanization is very low.
In sum, during the process of modernizing so￣cial governance in ethnic autonomous regions, we must pay full attention to the five“stage character￣istics” of ethnic work in China which are the:( i) co - existence of opportunities and challenges brought by the “reform and opening -up” policy and the socialist market economy;( ii) co-exist￣ence of the state’s constant support to the ethnic ar￣eas and its low level of development; ( iii ) co -existence of the state’s constant support to the eth￣nic areas and the weak level of basic public service capability in ethnic areas; ( iv ) co -existence of the constant exchange and fusion between various ethnic groups and the disputes involving ethnic fac￣tors;and ( v) co-existence of the great achieve￣ments in anti-national splittism, religious extrem￣ity, and violent terrorism, as well as the active ter￣rorism activities in some areas. Only when we rec￣ognize this situation, can we understand the speci￣ficity of doing ethnic work in China. The innova￣tion of governance of ethnic autonomous areas and the promotion of governance by law in the whole country must start from this actual situation.
At present, we still need to clarify the conno￣tations of autonomous rights. Based on a clear clar￣ification of the basic meaning of ethnic regional au￣tonomous rights, we should deepen reform, active￣ly transform the governance of the ethnic autono￣mous regions, further deepen relevant theoretical studies, and positively promote the ethnic regional autonomous system. The main purpose of the eth￣nic regional autonomous areas is to promote the de￣velopment of the various affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic regional autonomous areas. The purpose for improving the ethnic regional autonomous sys￣tem is to ensure the development of ethnic minori￣ties and ethnic regional autonomous regions. Im￣proving the ethnic regional autonomous system should transform from one of preferential treatment to one of nuanced development.
Looking back to the past, the legal construc￣tion of ethnic regional autonomy has made great a￣chievements. However, the preferential policies of the state and relevant institutes are still the real factors promoting the development of the various af￣fairs of the ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas. As described in this article, there are multi￣ple factors which influence the efficiency and per￣formance of the ethnic regional autonomy. The eth￣nic autonomous regions are restricted by natural conditions and economic development, therefore, they have to depend on assistance from the state and the relevant institutes—this is the objective re￣ality. However, the improvement of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system must change the status of the past, and enable the ethnic regional autono￣mous system play out its actual role so that the va￣rious affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic autono￣mous regions can step onto a road of nuanced de￣velopment.
The future development of the ethnic regional autonomous system depends on the consensus of theoretical and practical circles, i. e. a long-term mechanism whose purpose is to enable the system itself play its actual role should be established. Only by such a mechanism, can these puzzling problems be solved and gradually improved. Tak￣ing the breakthrough of the actual effect of the sys￣tem as the starting point of the ethnic regional autonomy’s deepening of the reform, one should take the following aspects into consideration:1 ) re-examine existing laws and regulations, and im￣prove them on the basis of institutional norms, en￣hance normalization, uniformity and manipulability of the ethnic regional autonomous regulations; 2 ) sort out the relationship between the institutions in ethnic autonomous areas and the upper levels of the state institutes, as well as the relationship be￣tween the institutions on the same level;on the va￣rious institutional levels, enhance clear cognition on the position, role and organizing principles of the ethnic regional autonomous system, and avoid taking the ethnic regional autonomous system as the affairs of the ethnic autonomous areas;3 ) im￣prove the supervisory mechanisms for running the ethnic regional autonomous system; and 4 ) im￣prove the mechanisms for handling disputes on the running of the ethnic regional autonomous system.
We must work closely, share the achieve￣ments, and promote the operation of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system. For this purpose, we should:1 ) standardize the management of the eth￣nic regional autonomous system, and weaken the“specificity”;2 ) promote the governance capabili￣ty of the ethnic regional autonomous areas, and so￣lidify the concept of“locality”;3 ) enhance auton￣omous awareness and capability, intensify “new thinking”, motivate initiatives from the autonomous areas, and improve the autonomous system from the bottom-up, and rationally allocate the power and rights of the high-level organs and the auton￣omous organs in the ethnic autonomous areas.     

论民族法律文件的规范化和系统化

我国是一个多民族的社会主义国家,民族法律是构成我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分。我国民族法律的形式并不复杂,但各国家机关制定并颁布实施的规范性民族法律文件的数量却相当庞杂,涉及内容广泛。因此,开展规范性民族法律文件的规范化和系统化的研究、整理工作非常必要。文章依据法理学原理,结合我国民族立法的实际,对目前开展规范性民族法律文件规范化和系统化工作的必要性、内容、方式和方法及其意义进行了全面的探讨。     

论我国少数民族非物质文化遗产保护的法源问题

少数民族非物质文化遗产是其先祖遗留给后人的宝贵财富,也是少数民族生存、认同、发展的重要标识.因此,必须建立起完善的少数民族非物质文化遗产法律制度.只有通过法律手段调整涉及少数民族非物质文化遗产的社会关系,依法确立与制定少数民族文化遗产保护的正确方向和措施,才能真正地起到有效的保护作用.要建立一个有效的法律制度,必须先了解建构这个法律架构的基础,因此,理清法源就成为建立这个法律制度的必然要求和重要前提.     

2013年中国民族法学研究述评

2013年的民族法学研究继续呈现繁荣的面貌。在研究内容上有以下特点:一是内容较为全面，其中，关于民族文化权利保护、民族区域自治和民族司法问题的研究增多，坚持和完善民族区域自治、少数民族习惯法司法化成为本年度重要话题；二是出现了一些反思性成果；三是应用性成果较多；四是关注了一些热点事件。在研究方法上有以下特点:一是注重研究视角多元化；二是注重实证研究，关注某一民族地区的具体情况较多。在全面梳理的基础上，根据研究内容所涉及的民族权利保护、民族区域自治、民族法制建设、民族习惯法、民族法制史、民族司法等方面分别对其主要成果进行述评，辨别良莠，展示精华，为民族法学研究提供可借鉴的年度综合性史料。     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。