竞合视角下高技术企业创新联盟稳定性研究

从竞合的理论视角出发,运用演化博弈理论,通过构建高技术企业创新联盟成员企业竞合关系的演化博弈模型,分析信任度、互补度、风险系数以及合作创新贴现因子等因素对创新联盟稳定性的影响,并运用Matlab对上述因素的影响进行了数值仿真。结果表明,较高的信任度和互补度可以提高联盟成员间的合作意愿,保障联盟的稳定运行;较高的合作创新贴现因子通过降低联盟成员未来收益的不确定性,增强了合作伙伴间进行长期合作的信心,维持了联盟的稳定运行;由于较高的风险系数增加了合作创新的风险成本,导致联盟成员间合作关系可能演变为竞争关系,从而阻碍了联盟的稳定发展。最后,根据演化博弈分析结果提出了相关建议。     

互补性研发努力下垂直合作新产品开发中的收益共享契约设计

研发努力表现为互补还是替代关系,对于合作新产品开发中激励契约的设计有重要影响.在研发努力存在互补关系的情形下,探讨垂直合作新产品开发中的收益共享机制.研究表明,新产品开发的组织安排取决于由研发努力弹性和成本参数所确定的研发投入产出效率,当双方的研发投入产出效率相差悬殊时,新产品开发应由效率更高的一方独自承担;当双方各自承担部分开发任务时,收益共享契约可以有效调节合作者的研发努力水平;最优收益共享率介于使合作者分别达到各自最大努力水平的不同收益共享率之间,且取决于双方的研发努力弹性,而与双方的研发成本参数、新产品市场风险等因素无直接关系;研发努力弹性较高的一方应分享到更多收益,而当双方研发努力弹性相同时,应均分收益.     

不确定环境下基于Bertrand竞争的企业创新模式比较研究

将技术不确定性与市场不确定性所组成的不确定性概念引入创新过程;在Bertrand竞争市场中,运用战略实物期权、动态博弈等工具对企业创新过程建立了一个两阶段动态博弈模型,得出了创新企业的价值函数,考察了不确定性参数对投资门槛值与破产临界值的影响;最后在技术投入溢出与互补度、创新产品互补度以及合作诚信度等四个参数的综合交互作用下,分析了独立研发、竞争RJV、合作RJV三种典型模式在均衡研发产出、公司利润、行业利润及社会福利方面的差异,得出了模式动态选择的适用条件。已有文献多在静态环境下考虑技术投入溢出参数在企业创新模式选择中的作用,本文研究旨在弥补此不足,同时为企业在不确定环境下进行适宜的创新组织选择提供决策参考。     

考虑溢出效应的互补品企业合作促销行为研究

针对互补品的相互关联性造成互补品企业产品促销存在溢出效应的情况,建立了考虑溢出效应的互补品企业合作促销模型,对互补品企业在完全非合作促销、部分合作促销和完全合作促销情形下的企业最优决策进行了研究.考察了不同合作情形下溢出效应对互补品企业促销投入和收益的影响作用,进一步对企业通过促销获得的收益进行了对比分析.最后,通过一个数值算例说明了有关结论的有效性.     

结网合作策略选择的能力依赖模型及其启示

探讨了网络组织中企业竞争优势的本源:核心知识与能力及其协同互补.在此基础上建立了企业结网合作的能力依赖模型,通过模型推演了企业核心知识与能力增长的异质性及目标网络能力互补协同系数如何影响企业结网合作的策略选择.从中得到两点启示:①内部继承积累和组织间学习占主导地位的企业具有结网合作的迫切感,倾向于通过加快结网合作获取其他成员的知识;强调自我创新的企业更愿意通过企业自身的创新活动积累核心知识与能力.②网络组织中企业面临的学习与自主创新的矛盾将使具有弹性特点的网络组织在动态中演进.     

企业合作复杂性与企业合作生态系统研究

简要回顾了组织生态的研究进展,认为不对称、自适应和管理困境这3个因素是引起企业合作复杂性的主要来源,并论述了制度生态因子、文化生态因子与技术生态因子对企业合作的影响,最后界定了企业合作生态系统的概念,并探讨了在企业合作生态系统中企业应该如何处理与其他个体的合作关系。     

ICT产业技术战略合作因素分析——基于两个案例的比较

笔者根据资源观、关系租金等理论并结合ICT产业背景企业现状,寻求影响ICT产业企业寻求技术战略合作的因素。据此构建了ICT产业技术战略合作因素分析模型,并对宁波两家ICT产业企业对比分析后发现,互补资源的寻求和关系租金的产生,是企业开展技术战略合作的重要动因,而关系租金的分配机制及制度环境的特性会影响企业的合作意愿,从而决定企业是否开展技术战略合作。     

省情速递

进入4月份．省区党政代表团学习考察活动掀起一个高潮。4月13日．四川省党政代表团专程前往安徽省感恩致谢推动合作：4月14日．甘肃省党政代表团到江西考察学习；4月19日、22日，湖南省党政代表团到浙江江苏考察访问．分别签订了战略合作框架协议：     

中间品贸易视角下的国际研发合作行为研究

随着全球化程度加深,与国外企业进行研发合作逐步成为国内企业参与创新驱动发展战略的重要途径.从中间品贸易视角出发,通过构建谈判博弈模型,分析探讨影响产业链下游企业进行国际研发合作内生性选择的因素.研究发现,只有在研发溢出效应比较小的时候,产业链下游企业才会选择进行国际研发合作.但如果研发溢出效应过小,下游企业的国际研发合作行为会导致本国社会福利水平下降.进一步研究发现,上游市场垄断势力增强以及最终品贸易成本下降均会对产业链下游企业的国际研发合作产生促进作用.     

本土代工企业产品研发体系构建理论与案例

代工模式是本土企业与跨国公司合作的主要方式,也是本土企业获取先进技术和知识的重要途径.整合组织间学习理论和组织内学习理论,分析代工企业构建产品研发体系的理论过程,建立代工企业从知识获取到研发能力提升过程机制的理论模型,并以鸿海集团为例进行案例分析.研究结果表明,代工企业产品研发体系的构建取决于企业外部知识的获取、内部知识的消化和知识创新等过程,代工企业通过建立学习机制提高合作双方的互动程度,通过建立互信的合作关系以及内部知识的共享、转移和创新机制等措施提高产品研发能力.     

A Collaborative Model for Organizational Transformation

The purpose of this study was to develop a collaborative learning and communication model for higher education. On a university campus there are various psycho-social and organizational barriers to collaboration inside and outside of the classrooms. Scholars have stated that teachers rarely talk with each other about their teaching, there is little multi-disciplinary research and studies have shown that there is little or no collaboration in meetings and forums outside of university classrooms. So, what are the barriers to collaborative communication and learning and how can these barriers be removed through collaborative strategies? These are the questions that this study explored. Through the understanding of the psycho-social and organizational barriers to collaboration, strategies began to unfold and a new model for collaborative learning and communication was developed. This model reflects a high synergy, totally integrated social and cognitive system for individual and organizational transformation.     

协同创新、知识溢出的演化博弈机制研究

基于演化博弈理论,研究企业、大学和科研机构间协同创新过程的"演化稳定策略"。通过设计知识共享模型分析知识投入与知识溢出对协同创新的影响并进行仿真检验。研究认为,长期的协同创新中"合作"策略是参与方采用的"演化稳定策略";当参与方数量不同时,小群体一方率先实现"合作"策略稳定,群体数量相近时双方采用"合作"策略的收敛速度趋于一致;增加知识溢出有利于提高协同创新效率与稳定性。在理论上解释了协同创新博弈的合作策略稳定性,为产学研合作的机制设计提供决策参考。     

Acquiring technological competencies through inter-organizational collaboration: An organizational learning perspective

Firms are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their technology strategies and are procuring know-how through a variety of collaborative methods including licensing agreements, joint ventures, minority investments, and equity acquisitions. This paper examines the relationship between an organization's learning capability and inter-organizational collaboration in acquiring technological competencies. Organizational learning is posited to be a mediating mechanism through which technological competencies are developed via varying levels of organizational interaction. A general model is developed which suggests an “efficient fit” relationship between an organization's ability to learn, characteristics of the technology, and mode of inter-organizational collaboration. The concept of a “learning gap” is introduced, and managerial implications are suggested. Finally, propositions are developed to facilitate future empirical research.     

服务外包知识协作：双向性、关系性与互补性

随着知识密集型项目比重的逐步提升,知识协作问题已成为服务外包组织战略中最重要的部分。本文分析了服务外包知识协作的静态特性,划分了知识协作过程的主要阶段,并提出了一个概念模型。在此基础上,建立了一个两阶段动态博弈模型,通过分别针对发包企业与接包企业之间两种合作模式下的均衡分析,提出了三个重要的命题：首先,发包企业和接包企业在知识共享中存在双向激励;其次,基于良好关系的企业间合作型知识决策模式有利于组织收益最大化;最后,较高的知识互补性对知识共享水平有正向促进作用。     

The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances

This paper unpacks two underspecified facets of collaboration: cooperation and coordination. Prior research has emphasized cooperation, specifically partners' commitment and alignment of interests, as the key determinant of collaborative success. Scholars have paid less attention to the critical role of coordination—the effective alignment and adjustment of partners' actions. To redress this imbalance, we conceptually disentangle cooperation and coordination in the context of inter-organizational collaboration, and examine how the two phenomena play out in the partner selection, design, and post-formation stages of an alliance's life cycle. As we demonstrate, a coordination perspective helps resolve some empirical puzzles, but it also represents a challenge to received wisdom grounded in the salience of cooperation. To stimulate future research, we discuss alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between cooperation and coordination, and elaborate on their normative implications.     

渠道多元化对制造商-经销商之间合作关系的影响

从渠道冲突、渠道协作(共同制定计划和共同解决问题)入手,探讨渠道多元化对制造商-经销商之间合作关系的影响。通过对477份调查问卷所得数据进行统计分析,实证研究表明:①渠道多元化会增加制造商-经销商之间的冲突;②渠道多元化会促进双方的协作水平;③渠道多元化对制造商-经销商之间的合作关系有“双刃剑”效应,即渠道多元化会激化渠道冲突从而降低制造商对合作的满意度,同时会促进渠道协作从而提升制造商对合作的满意度。     

Cooperating to Commercialize Technology: A Dynamic Model of Fairness Perceptions,Experience, and Cooperation

Technology entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, although entrepreneurs must maintain cooperative ties with the owners of any technology they hope to bring to market. Existing studies show that fairness perceptions have a great influence on this cooperation, but no research investigates its precise mechanisms or dynamic patterns. This study explores the development of 17 ventures that cooperated with a university‐owner of technology and thereby identifies different cooperation patterns in which fairness perceptions influence the degree of cooperation. These perceptions also change over time, partly as a function of accumulated experience and learning. A system dynamics model integrates insights from existing literature with the empirical findings to reveal which cooperation mechanisms relate to venture development over time; the combinations of individual experience, fairness perceptions, and market circumstances lead to four different patterns. This model can explain changes in entrepreneurial cooperation as a result of changes in fairness perceptions, which depend on learning effects and entrepreneurial experience. Each identified cooperation pattern has implications for research and offers insights for practitioners who need to manage relationships in practice.     

中国基础研究国际合作的科学计量测度与评价

基于《科学引文索引》(SCI)数据系统创建了中国与 33个国家 (地区 )国际合作论文数据库及计算机检索统计系统 ,采用规范的国际合作计量测度指标 ,从六个方面 ,即国际合作论文的增长及学科分布、各学科领域科学产出的国际合作依存度比较、基础研究国际合作重要伙伴的国别分布、各学科领域国际合作重要伙伴的国别分布、中国与若干代表性国家 (地区 )合作研究的重点学科分布、参与国际合作研究的中国重要科研机构排序 ,首次对中国基础研究国际合作的现状进行了系统的科学计量测度与评价 ,并提出了若干政策建议 .研究成果已在国家基础研究国际合作“十五”计划和长远规划的制定工作中得到应用     

Social Learning in Transnational Spatial Planning Processes: An Analysis of the ‘V4+2’ Cooperation on Spatial Development

ABSTRACT

Social learning can offer a useful lens to analyse multi-actor cooperation processes and their outcomes. In this paper, a conceptual framework based on learning theories is applied to a recent transnational spatial planning process in Central Europe to analyse how the cooperation agenda was shaped, a joint strategy developed, and to understand the possible policy effects of this process. The findings allow a reflection on the potentials of, and challenges for, multi-actor cooperation on spatial planning in large regions covering several countries.