刍议《爱弥儿》教育观点及教育启示

《爱弥儿》是卢梭的教育名著,系统地阐述了"自然教育"原则,书中提出了许多教育观点。有些教育观点对我们当今的教育仍然有很好的借鉴意义;有些教育观点值得我们深思商榷;有些教育观点不乏是错误的。针对书中不同的教育观点,要区分对待,既要汲取有借鉴意义的教育观点,又要剔除糟粕,对一些值得商榷的教育观点,仍然需要我们去进一步的研究和探究。     

翻转课堂在中职学校语文教学中的应用价值

翻转课堂是以课堂面授为基础,再利用信息技术手段来实现教学流程重组的教学组织形式,是在信息化社会和教育改革背景下应运而生,并不断得到推进的. 一、中职语文教学现状调查 卢梭在《爱弥儿》一书中曾说过:"教育的艺术是使学生喜欢你所教的东西."     

毛泽东的青年观对思想政治教育创新原则的启示

毛泽东的青年观,是毛泽东思想的一个组成部分。深入学习和研究毛泽东的青年观不仅能深化对毛泽东思想的理论研究,而且能够为思想政治教育的创新原则提供一定的借鉴意义。     

和谐为美的艺术追求——试论贺拉斯《诗艺》中“合式”原则

＂和谐统一＂的文艺理论观点是贯穿贺拉斯《诗艺》整体思想体系的重要原则。本文试图从选材、语言、情节等角度,分别阐述《诗艺》中蕴含的＂合式＂原则,进而比较中西古代和谐观的异同。     

重评《论人类不平等的起源》所描述的原始状态

卢梭与洛克、霍布斯并称为近代社会契约论三大理论奠基人,但他们对于所谓的原始状态的描述却都存在着一定的不同。相比霍布斯来说,卢梭所描述的原始状态与洛克更加相近,在《论人类不平等的起源》中卢梭也多次否定了霍布斯的假想。研究《社会契约论》,必须参考作者在出版著作之前完成的此篇论文,而卢梭所假想的原始状态则正是其理论体系的一个基础,因此在参考之前学者的研究成果基础上,对卢梭此篇论文的内涵进行再次挖掘,试图通过时间发展的这一线索来重新评析其所假想的原始状态。     

习近平青年观的理论渊源

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记高度重视青年工作,多次在以青年为主体的会议讲话中提出重要论断、重要观点和重要思想,形成了习近平青年观。马克思主义青年观,中国化的马克思主义青年学说、中华民族优秀传统文化是马克思主义青年观的理论渊源。马克思主义青年观为习近平青年观提供了价值遵循,中国化的马克思主义青年学说是习近平青年观的理论基础,中华民族优秀传统文化是习近平青年观的温润滋养。     

卢梭《社会契约论》读书笔记

卢梭的《社会契约论》是一部影响深远的政治学著作,其主权在民、公意、法律思想等对后世产生了深远的影响。本文从公意、法律思想、公平等方面论述了笔者对该书的理解和感悟,并且对卢梭的社会契约理论做了客观的评价。     

建构主义教学理论对高职英语教学的启示

建构主义学习理论是随着心理学家对人类学习规律研究的不断深入而产生的,其主要代表者维果茨基认为学习是一个社会建构的过程,重视活动和社会交往在学习过程中的意义,提出了意义建构。其基本的教学观点对高职英语教学有着重要的启示意义。     

习近平青年观对青年发展的启示

习近平青年观是以中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦为时代背景提出的一系列关于青年发展的新思想、新观点、新论断,本文从四个方面探讨了习近平青年观对青年发展的启示,即培养新时代青年要注重培养其主体意识,并在此基础上增强社会意识、国家意识和国际意识。广大青年要牢记过去,立足当下,面向未来,为国家发展贡献自己的力量。     

卢梭与裴斯泰洛齐自然主义教育思想之比较

著名的教育家卢梭与裴斯泰洛齐都是西方教育史上自然主义教育思想极具典型的代表,都倡导重视教育,阐明了"教育必须顺应儿童的天性"。本文通过比较发现,两者在"自然"的内涵、教育目的、教育对象等方面表现出不同,其实也存在一定的联系,裴斯泰洛齐继承了卢梭的自然主义教育思想并进一步对其进行发展,卢、裴都重视人的天性,他们在某些观点存在一定的相似性。比较二者的异同,对促进我国教育的改革具有重要的启示。     

Fatherless Families

Abstract

In Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and Emile or On Education, the eighteenth century political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau raises several questions concerning the relationship of men to families. He claims that families in the state of nature lacked fathers and suggests that attaching men to the more primary mother-child unit continues to be a problem in civil society. I argue that Rousseau's model of the sentimental family grew out of his concern with integrating men into families. In comparing Rousseau with two contemporary authors, David Blankenhorn and David Popenoe, I show that both eighteenth- and late-twentieth-century strategies for resolving the problem of fatherless families require a gendered division of labor that preserves and promotes gender inequality. While contemporary advocates of the gender-structured family, such as Blankenhorn and Popenoe, make some concessions to the feminist demand for greater gender equality, they are in truth part of a long tradition that bases its ideal of family on the subordination of women to men.     

首都青年责任意识调查分析

责任的主体必须是一个被赋予相应权利的主体，这个主体必须是自由、理性之公民。只有在“公民”的前提下，才能谈及所应负有的责任。责任意识是“我”对自己所应负有的责任的认识，这是主体意识的一个重要体现。通过对首都青年责任意识的调研分析，可知责任意识直接与受教育状况有关。政府和社会要为青年提供一个良好的有利于发展的社会环境，加强对青年的责任意识教育。     

How young people perceive factors that support or prevent understanding between worldviews: perspectives of Finnish lower secondary school pupils

This paper investigated Finnish youth’s perceptions on what supports or prevents understanding between people holding different worldviews, especially religious and non-religious ones. A survey using projective, open-ended questions was conducted examining factors that enhance or damage inter-worldview dialogue among Finnish lower secondary school students (N = 563). The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Abu-Nimer’s developmental model of interreligious sensitivity was used as a theoretical framework, but data-driven categories were also created. First, pupils thought of reasons why somebody would wish that religions did not exist. Four categories were created: atheism, confusion about religious expressions, problems related to one’s own worldview, or problems in social interaction. Second, pupils reflected on why somebody would be reluctant to share things about his/her faith. The most important feature addressed here was social deviance, either fear of it or its consequences or actual experiences. Third, pupils suggested ways to create a culture of peaceful dialogue. Most responses referred to changes in attitudes or different kinds of social interaction.     

Retheorising Emile Durkheim on society and religion: embodiment,intoxication and collective life

In this paper we argue that Emile Durkheim's sociology contains within it a theory of society and religion as a form of embodied intoxication that is implicit in his writings on effervescent assemblies but has not yet been explicated or developed fully by subsequent commentators. This holds that for social or religious collectivities to exist, the bodies of individuals must be both marked by insignia, customs and techniques that facilitate the possibility of culturally normative patterns of recognition, interaction and action, while also being excited, enthused or intoxicated sufficiently to be inhabited as collective rather than egoistic beings. Our paper begins by investigating the central features of Durkheim's theory – including his interest in the ritual steering of these processes – as developed most fully in his last major study, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. We then develop our own analysis of Durkheim's concern that modernity has stimulated a rise in ‘abnormal’ forms of embodied intoxication that fail to attach individuals to the wider societies in which they live, and demonstrate the utility of our analytical framework by employing it to assess the recent resurgence of charismatic Christian revivalism.     

The authority of complexity*

The assertion about the unique 'complexity' or the peculiarly intricate character of social phenomena has, at least within sociology, a long, venerable and virtually uncontested tradition. At the turn of the last century, classical social theorists, for example, Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim, made prominent and repeated reference to this attribute of the subject matter of sociology and the degree to which it complicates, even inhibits the develop and application of social scientific knowledge. Our paper explores the origins, the basis and the consequences of this assertion and asks in particular whether the classic complexity assertion still deserves to be invoked in analyses that ask about the production and the utilization of social scientific knowledge in modern society. We present John Maynard Keynes' economic theory and its practical applications as an illustration. We conclude that the practical value of social scientific knowledge is not dependent on a faithful, in the sense of complete, representation of social reality. Instead, social scientific knowledge that wants to optimize its practicality has to attend and attach itself to elements of social situations that can be altered or are actionable.     

Completing the Story: connecting relational and psychological processes of exclusion

This paper explores how my understanding of and approach to investigating youth transitions and social exclusion, shifted when conducting a case study about Ray, a mature student in transition from a further education college. Having relayed the findings of a study about Ray's experiences of social exclusion, I will discuss the events and reconsiderations that prompted a change in my relationship with Ray. I will reveal how I began to know Ray is his own right, and grasp his feelings and views about his life, and show how this caused Ray to become a participator in and not merely the subject of the study about his life. This (methodological) reconsideration prompted me to perceive my original relationship with Ray in exactly the same way as I had understood his relationships with his mother, his lecturers and with officials--a relationship between the barer of 'expertise' and the subject of this knowledge. The paper will conclude that the new, closer relationship Ray and I developed enhanced the validity and the richness of my understanding of his social exclusion.     

THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITION IN ROBERT PARK'S SOCIOLOGY*

This article examines Robert Park's concept of competition and the way in which it appears in his analysis of civilization and social change. Conventional interpretations of his writings have tended to emphasize that he radically separated presocial, ecological processes from interaction based on communication. Although Park does attempt such a separation, I argue that his thoughts on social change reflect an ambivalence about the relative degree of autonomy of social and cultural processes. Consequently, Park's evaluation of these processes reflects the judgment that contemporary forms of competition are instrumental for societal progress.     

Expanding employment skills and social networks among teen mothers: Case study of a mentor program

The use of mentors in social services programs has become an increasingly common intervention, and typically aims to increase education and job skills among at-risk youth. Because of a lack of social services research, most of what is known about the effects of mentoring relationships has been generalized from studies conducted in corporate settings. This article examines assumptions about the potential effects of mentor programs, and presents the results of an exploratory case study of outcomes of low-income teen mothers who were paired with a professionally employed mentor. Drawing on the concepts of social network theory, it is hypothesized that mentors can link at-risk youth with information and resources not readily available from their extant personal networks.     

Relationality and social interaction1

This paper explores Bourdieu's account of a relational social space, and his relative neglect of social interaction within this framework. Bourdieu includes social capital as one of the key relational elements of his social space, but says much less about it than economic or cultural capital, and levels of social capital are rarely measured in his work. Bourdieu is reluctant to focus on the content of social networks as part of his rejection of substantialist thinking. The neglect of substantive networks creates problems for Bourdieu's framework, because many of Bourdieu's core concepts rest upon assumptions about their interactional properties (in particular, the prevalence of homophilous differential association) which are left unexamined. It is argued here that Bourdieu's neglect of the substance of social networks is related to the criticisms that Bourdieu's framework often encounters, and that this neglect bears re‐examination, since it is helpful to think of the ways in which differentiated social networks contribute to the development of habitus, help form fields, and so constitute the intersubjective social relations within which sociality, and practice more generally, occur.     

Family-Based Social Capital Considerations as Predictors of Attainments Among Appalachian Youth

The purpose of this study was to explore social and human capital theory in application to status attainment research using a sample of 463 low-income youth from rural Appalachian families. Comparisons were made between social capital variables based in the family of origin and social interaction variables based in the broader community as influences on the status attainment of youth. Surveys of youth were conducted during a ten-year longitudinal study (i.e., three assessments conducted during fifth/sixth grades and eleventh/twelfth grades, and for ages twenty-one/twenty-two). Path analyses confirmed some of the social interaction hypotheses but demonstrated eve greater support for individual human and family social capital variables in explaining young adult attainment outcomes. Support was provided for the inclusion of family-based social capital variables as a means of gaining a broader understanding of youth attainment.