人际信任的影响：网络社区与现实社会

网络社区的出现改变了传统的人类社交方式,这种虚拟的间接的社交网络带来了新的交往模式,离开了一定的社会情境线索（如外貌、空间特征和非语言线索等）也导致了传统的人际信任观发生了改变,而本研究就是从调查网络人际信任度、现实人际信任度、现实人际交往能力三个方向出发,研究网络社区人际信任与现实人际信任之间的联系与影响,从而找出较为合适的交际模式。     

网络社交历史与中国早期网民个体生活空间变迁

中国最早的网络移民自始至终伴随了中国互联网的发展,他们的网络使用行为形成了一段不长但至少可以追溯的历史。早期的网络社交将个体从现实物理空间局限中解放出来,具有高蹈于日常生活之上的虚拟色彩;随着网络空间中现实好友的增多和移动位置社交的兴起,网络空间的虚拟色彩渐渐褪去;如今,日常生活中的人际交往不再是在某一单一空间中进行,人们不断地在物理空间与网络空间切换,亦或同时在场。     

信任缺失:新生代农民工身份建构与政治认同

新生代农民工城市融入的本质是新生代农民工与城市市民、城市社会组织及政治的互动与认同,这种互动与认同以信任为基础。其中人际信任、组织信任与政治信任分别构成新生代农民工身份建构的基础、融入城市的社会资本与政治认同的基础。由于当前社会人际信任缺失、组织信任匮乏与政治信任偏低,导致新生代农民工陷入身份建构与政治认同困境。因此只有通过修复新生代农民工的人际信任、增进其组织信任、重构政治信任方能构建起积极的身份认同。     

成人依恋、人际信任与社交焦虑的关系

为探讨成人依恋与社交焦虑的关系,以及人际信任是否在其中起到中介作用,采用修订版成人依恋问卷、人际信任量表、社交回避及苦恼量表对沈阳某所大学的458名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示:成人依恋中的亲近依赖维度负向预测其社交焦虑感,成人依恋中的依恋焦虑维度正向预测社交焦虑感,人际信任在成人依恋与社交焦虑中起到部分中介作用;表明大学生依恋中亲近依赖感越强,人际信任感越强,社交焦虑感越低。大学生依恋中的依恋焦虑感越强,人际信任感越低,社交焦虑感越强。     

青年学生参与网络集群行为的社会心理机制和风险管控

青年学生是网络空间的主要群体,也是网络集群行为的主要参与者。在网络舆情突发事件中网络集群行为形成过程具有去个性化、相对剥夺感、情绪感染、沉默的螺旋、群体极化等群体心理特点。研究采用价值累加理论体系框架,分析了网络集群行为形成过程,包括酝酿阶段、形成阶段、发展阶段、扩散阶段、冲突阶段和消退阶段等各环节中的群体心理和社会心理作用机制,并提出了社会心理理论解释模型。对此,要从社会心理学视角,加强舆情研判与监测、建立红色网军队伍、加强舆情教育引导、发布权威信息、舆论新闻危机公关和公信力重塑等措施对青年学生网络集群行为进行风险管控。     

对网络交际的思考

网络交际现今已经成为很多人生活的一部分,通过网络空间人们交流更加便捷,更加丰富。网络交际对我们的现实社会文化和人际交流有着深刻的影响和冲击。网络交际弱化了文化因素对交际主体角色的制约和影响;网络交际的开放性使不同文化的人更容易交流和相互认同,弱化了本土文化对人际交往的影响;网络交际形成的特殊文化,引起了文化的碰撞和交融;网络交际的不真实性加剧了人与人的信任危机;网络交际信息与真实信息的差异,及网络上对他人隐私的侵害给日常生活交际带来了不利的影响。     

网络购物中影响消费者信任的因素探析

进入21世纪，网络购物发展迅速，引导和增强消费者对网络的信任是促进网络购物健康发展的重要推动力。本文对影响网络购物信任因素的消费者、商家、网站等三个方面进行分析，总结影响网购q-消费者＇fern因素。     

网络社交问答平台开展思想政治教育的方法分析

网络社交问答平台是当前网络空间中信息交换和传播的重要平台,也是大众知识习得和知识交换的重要平台。在此背景下,如何有效利用网络社交问答平台开展思想政治教育工作便成为值得研究的课题。拟以社交平台的用户的调研为基础,对现代网络社交问答平台开展思政教育的可行性以及相关方法进行分析,并给出相应的意见及建议。     

网络时代言论自由规制问题的思考

在当今社会,网络是一个极大的信息平台,每天发布的信息数以万计,更新速度也相当快,它作为现实社会的延伸,它具有其他媒介所无法比拟的优越性。但在网络传播中,网友发表言论很多都是匿名的,有些信息的真实性不能保证,也不一定是当事人真实面貌的反映。在网络空间中,很多网友言语不雅或者措辞激烈只是为了表现自己,让自己在网络空间得到关注,并没有侵害别人名誉的恶意,但如果这样的行为会被认定是侵权的话,将会极大限制网络的发展。但有些网友长时间、持续不断地重复发布恶意信息会对当事人名誉产生侵害,造成了恶劣的影响。网络不同于现实社会,但它也不能脱离了现实社会,不能让网络成为法律的灰色地带,使得公民的名誉权、隐私权等合法权利在网络世界得不到很好的保障,更好地规制网络中的言论自由对于公民权利的保障具有很大的价值。     

网络社交偏好与现实人际交往文献综述——虚拟偏好与现实影响

近年来兴起的网络社交一定程度上改变了人们的日常沟通交流方式,对社会群体的社交行为影响显著,相关研究也有很大跟进发展。以下主要从两方面入手来对已有相关研究进行综述:1.社会环境如网络社交软件发展与普及度、周围人网络社交普及度等因素对网络社交偏好水平的影响机理与程度;2.网络社交偏好水平与现实人际交往水平的"跷跷板"效应,及前者为后者带来的利与不利影响。通过对已有研究的综述,进而提出一些进一步研究的方向,寻找一些新的可能性。     

Believe it when you see it: Dyadic embeddedness and reputation effects on trust in cryptomarkets for illegal drugs

Large-scale online marketplace data have been repeatedly used to test sociological theories on trust between strangers. Most studies focus on sellers’ aggregate reputation scores, rather than on buyers’ individual decisions to trust. Theoretical predictions on how repeated exchanges affect trust within dyads and how buyers weigh individual experience against reputation feedback from other actors have not been tested directly in detail. What do buyers do when they are warned not to trust someone they have trusted many times before? We analyze reputation effects on trust at the dyadic and network levels using data from an illegal online drug marketplace. We find that buyers’ trust decisions are primarily explained by dyadic embeddedness - cooperative sellers get awarded by repeated exchanges. Although buyers take third-party information into account, this effect is weaker and more important for first-time buyers. Buyers tend to choose market exit instead of retaliation against sellers after negative experiences.     

The social capital and mental health of long-term social assistance recipients in Norway

Previous findings have generally demonstrated the positive mental health benefits of social capital. However, the mental health benefits of social capital for social assistance recipients have not been fully demonstrated. This study analyses the mental health benefits of individual-level bonding and individual-level bridging social capital for 551 Norwegian longer-term social assistance recipients. The findings demonstrate that bonding social capital, i.e. contacts with friends and access to social resources, are positively associated with mental health. Of the variables in the study that relate to bridging social capital, social trust and trust towards the social worker particularly show significant associations for mental health. Consequently, it is important that the mental health benefits of various forms of bonding and bridging social capital are acknowledged within social work practices and that social work practitioners actively aim to increase social trust in longer-term social assistance recipients.     

Building versus maintaining a perceived confidence-based tax climate: Experimental evidence

A confidence-based climate between public administrations and citizens is essential. This paper argues and provides empirical evidence that depending on the perceived interaction history, different policies are needed to build versus maintain confidence. Applying the extended Slippery Slope Framework of tax compliance, an online and a laboratory experiment were conducted to explore whether tax authorities’ coercive and legitimate power have different effects depending on whether they are situated in an antagonism-based or confidence-based climate. Results showed that in an antagonism-based interaction climate, a combination of high coercive and high legitimate power changed the climate into a confidence-based interaction climate. In contrast, in a confidence-based climate the same power combination did not maintain but erode the climate. Results also suggest that confidence-based climates are maintained by low coercive power combined with high legitimate power. The paper concludes that interaction climates operate as psychological frames which guide how policy instruments affect taxpayers’ trust in the tax authorities.     

Los determinantes y consecuencias de la desconfianza en México1

This paper analyzes the relationship between interpersonal trust and the trust in different institutions as well as its involvement with sociodemographic and political culture-related variables and its connection with associativism. For this, 1993 and 2000 national surveys where used. The results show that there is independence between interpersonal trust and the trust in institutions, because they are built by different processes. There is also a slight relationship between sociodemographic variables and political values or ideology. Interpersonal trust is linked with active participation in associations, which may point out that it is associated to specific forms of social organization. On the other hand, trust in institutions seems to respond more to the behavior of the political system, its performance, and how it is evaluated. Besides, it appears that the trust is influenced by age or place of residence. Older persons and those living in small villages are associated with conservatism. Non-political institutions (such as religion, unions, etc.) could be affected by policy performance.     

How responsiveness works in mainland China: Effects on institutional trust and political participation

This study investigated whether and how institutional responsiveness, a constitutive element of dialogic communication, influences institutional trust and political participation among members of the public in mainland China. A total of 4068 respondents from mainland China completed questionnaires. Results demonstrated that institutional responsiveness indirectly reduced publics’ destructive non-institutional political participation by building institutional trust. Extending the public relations literature on dialogue, we found that this indirect relationship is conditional on online political information seeking rather than online political expression among members of the public. For people who frequently use the Internet to seek political information, institutional responsiveness is more likely to boost institutional trust, which decreases the likelihood of participation in offline political activities.     

Social capital and equilibrium selection in Stag Hunt games

Surveys of trusting attitudes are found to correlate with growth and development outcomes. The question of why trust attitudes correlate with economic growth remains open however. I argue that trust surveys capture facets of social capital not previously investigated, namely, coordination. Hence a complete investigation of the relationship between trust attitudes in growth must encompass their predictive power in a coordination game. This study shows that affirmative responses to surveys of trust attitudes correlate with and predict efficiency-supporting behavior in a Stag Hunt game.     

Trust in the Internet as an experience technology

Trust in the Internet and related information and communication technologies - 'cybertrust' - could be critical to the successful development of 'e-services', such as e-government, e-commerce, e-learning and democratic participation in the rapidly expanding online public sphere. This paper explores trust in cyberspace based on an analysis of data from an Oxford Internet Survey conducted by the Oxford Internet Institute using a multi-stage, national probability sample in Great Britain. The paper highlights various perspectives on the meaning of trust and draws on findings from the Oxford Internet Survey to explore and refine key social determinants of cybertrust. Evidence from this research provides fresh insights into the factors shaping trust in the Internet, arguing that cybertrust, defined as a confident expectation, is influenced by experience, defined operationally by several indicators of proximity to the Internet, in ways shaped by educational background. The potential for using these results to better understand the role of trust on Internet use is addressed, as well as the more indirect implications for reinforcing digital divides.     

Effects of online news forum on corporate reputation

This study tests the effects of online discussions about a company in an online news forum on people's perception of the corporate reputation of the company. The study is a 2 (tone of comments: negative versus positive) by 2 (number of comments: one versus five) factorial design experiment (n = 80). We found significant interaction effects between the two factors (tone versus number of comments) with regard to people's perception of the company's social responsiveness and employee treatment.     

Online authority communication during an epidemic: A Finnish example

Social media are creating new challenges for authority communications during crises, such as a pandemic. This study examined Finnish citizens’ opinions about authorities as crisis managers during the swine flu epidemic of 2009-2010 and examined the success of authority intervention to online discussion forums. Through a content analysis carried out at the discussion forums, the study showed that though authorities are highly trusted in general in Finland, this trust is not extended to the online environment. Online, civilians did not trust authorities and the protective actions taken. Moreover, the authorities’ intervention to the discussion forums aimed at correcting false information and shaping opinions seemed to fail, as the intervention was carried out too late and with too little resources. The paper calls for more proactive authority communication that would establish a dialogue with citizens before a crisis to ensure credibility during difficult times.