社会工作伦理本土化研究述评

伦理是社会工作的生命线,西方社会工作伦理本土化情况对我国社会工作的推进与发展产生重要影响.学界近15年来对社会工作伦理本土化研究主要集中在中国传统文化对其影响与融合,社会工作伦理本土化的具体困境,社会工作伦理构建方向与情况三大方面.在进行全面综述和评价的基础上,认为充分认识西方社会工作伦理与中国社会工作伦理的相容性与异质性,结合时代精神和现实需要推进西方社会工作伦理本土化,构建适合中国国情的社会工作伦理体系将是今后学界研究的重点.     

文化多元与民族敏感——西方民族社会工作中的东方思想

本文分析了全球化背景下社会工作回应文化多样性与民族敏感的发展历程,西方社会工作对东方宗教、精神性议题、信仰社区、社会结构、民族敏感性社会工作等议题的关注,以及在社会工作实务应用的得失。反观西方社会工作对文化多元性的回应,对中国社会工作本土化特别是多民族中进行社会工作实务有着重要的借鉴价值,多元一体的理念与社区为本的社会工作,应该成为社会工作本土化的重要取向。     

动力与趋势：中国社会工作教育在教会大学的发轫与发展

教会大学不仅是早期中国社会工作教育萌芽的基地,也是其蓬勃发展的载体。基督教伦理和教会组织资源、西方基督教会“以学辅教”的生存策略和教会大学的办学理念共同推动了社会工作专业教育在教会大学的生发。但随着教会大学生存宏观环境和内部微观结构的变化,在回应中国社会问题的需要下,社会工作教育呈现出本土化、去宗教化的发展趋势,并被纳入应用社会学的范畴。     

社会工作价值观的本土化探究

西方社会工作价值观起源于西方文化,它重视社会价值和个人价值两方面。随着中国社会的发展,社会工作本土化成为必然的趋势。出于价值观在社会工作中的重要性,本文从价值观角度探究了社会工作本土化问题,得出结论,中国文化具有社会价值的要素,而缺乏个人价值的要素。     

社会工作价值观的本土化探究

西方社会工作价值观起源于西方文化,它重视社会价值和个人价值两方面。随着中国社会的发展,社会工作本土化成为必然的趋势。出于价值观在社会工作中的重要性,本文从价值观角度探究了社会工作本土化问题,得出结论,中国文化具有社会价值的要素,而缺乏个人价值的要素。     

服务学习初探

服务学习是一种学习方法,它联系学校和社区,促进合作,积极地回应社区的挑战和机遇。本文主要阐述了服务学习在社会工作课程中的运用和探索。中国社会工作职业化才刚刚起步,在这个社会工作“有需求没有市场,有能力没有舞台”的年代,服务学习在社会工作教育界的引入对社会工作的发展有着重要的意义。     

中国本土化社会工作：牧区社会工作探析

社会工作作为一项助人活动古今中外皆有之,而专业社会工作是西方社会的产物。在学习和借鉴西方专业社会工作的同时,积极探索中国本土化社会工作理论及其实务,一直是社会工作界的重要任务。其中针对中国本土化牧区社会工作进行深入研究与探索,不仅是本土化社会工作亟需开拓的重要课题,而且对于“三牧”问题的解决具有突出的现实意义。该文对中国本土化牧区社会工作之现实亟需、发展路径等进行初步探究,提出加强政府主导、加快专业人才培养、积极开拓服务领域和介入空间是当前发展本土化牧区社会工作的必要选择。     

社会工作“案主自决”原则在中国本土实践中的困境

案主自决原则作为社会工作的一项核心原则,体现着社会工作的精神特质。在社会工作本土化工程中,案主自决原则的本土化将是至为关键的一环。中国大多数学者多将讨论重点长期停留在本土化这个大概念上,缺乏对社会工作具体理论、价值观、伦理和原则等的探讨。文章深入探讨了案主自决原则在中国本土实践中面临的挑战,从中国助人关系本身、儒家思想、集体主义和中国逻辑的实证性四个方面作了说明。     

社会工作“案主自决”原则在中国本土实践中的困境

"案主自决"原则作为社会工作的一项核心原则,体现着社会工作的精神特质。在社会工作本土化工程中,"案主自决"原则的本土化将是至为关键的一环。中国大多数学者多将讨论重点长期停留在"本土化"这个大概念上,缺乏对社会工作具体理论、价值观、伦理和原则等的探讨。文章深入探讨了"案主自决"原则在中国本土实践中面临的挑战,从中国助人关系本身、儒家思想、集体主义和中国逻辑的实证性四个方面作了说明。     

案主自白

社会工作的服务因案主的存在而发生，案主亦是社工的亲密接触者，所以案主的成长是检验社会工作服务成败的指向标。而当我们将西方的社会工作的理论，价值理念和方法“拿来”用于中国环境中时，如何满足“本土”案主的需求是社会工作本土化的第一步。     

从社会建构主义的视角看我国社会工作与社会政策的相互作用

在我国,社会工作和社会政策进行着有中国特色的社会建构,在此过程中,两者之间存在着相互的作用,本文旨在探索这种相互作用。把握这种相互作用,有助于我们更好地增强它,并利用它为解决社会问题、建设和谐社会服务。     

过渡治理情境下的中国社会服务困境:基于Z市社会工作服务的研究

社会工作近十年来在创新社会治理的推动下发展迅速。本文将重点关注于社会服务组织的服务供给过程及其导致的社会服务困境。通过对治理情境的拓展分析,引入过渡治理情境概念,分析我国社会服务供给。在此情境下,本文以Z市家庭综合服务中心为例,围绕自由裁量权这一概念讨论社会服务组织的服务供给策略及其所导致的服务困境。在过渡治理情境中,消极的自由裁量权与社会工作的半专业化发展结合在一起,社会服务组织选择了“活动化”和“指标化”的服务供给,令社会服务处于创新和碎片化之间,而导致社会服务陷入困境。社会服务困境根源的解决在于建立合作的治理情境、强化本土化社工专业力量以及充分发挥第三方的社会服务供给效力。     

Social Exclusion, Inequality and Social Work

This paper sets out the environment of inequality in which social work and the poor have recently operated. It explores pragmatic and idealist arguments concerning whether or not the poor need social work. Finally, policy solutions developed in consultation with social service users and carers are suggested in relation to poverty and social exclusion. Social exclusion can be linked to relative poverty as exclusion from economic and social norms. However, there is a wider brief in our own government’s publications and those of Europe, of examining how people are excluded from actions and policies of agencies who are there to support them. This paper will retain the concepts of poverty as lack of material income, and inequality as the gap between the rich and the poor, while being aware of the policy implications for social service users and carers of the more comprehensive process of being shut out partially or fully from social, economic, political and cultural systems. The debates around social work, social exclusion and inequality that follow establish: that some of the poor do need social work; that the poverty of social service users is related to policies that have restructured welfare in Britain; that the reason for individuals approaching or being referred to social services are complex but are likely to include financial deprivation as a key contributory factor; that if the poor do need social work, advocacy is essential rather than social work being seen as concerned only with social control—taking children into care, mentally ill people into hospitals, and advising the DSS on the suitability of claimants for benefits. Finally, the discussion turns to new policy agendas on social exclusion instigated by the Labour government. What positive difference can such policies make for social service users, their carers and social workers?.     

浅论社会工作中的尊重原则

"尊重"一直是被社会工作伦理高度强调的专业价值。但是,关于什么是"尊重"、如何在实务中体现"尊重",人们的理解并不相同,实践中有许多困惑。文中将对相关文献进行梳理,厘清"尊重"的内涵,明确其在社会工作伦理中的价值地位,同时就"尊重"在实务开展过程中的伦理诉求以及实践困境做一些探讨,指出日常生活中的"尊重"与专业伦理中的"尊重"的区别、在操作中产生困境的原因,进而试着提出解决的措施,以期对实务工作者的服务开展有所帮助。     

Promoting Compassionate Concern in Social Work: Reflections on Ethics, Biology and Love

This paper challenges proceduralized, rule-bound approachesto ethics and considers how social workers and teams can developan attitude of compassionate concern and become more effectivein dealing with ethical problems in their day-to-day practice.It introduces the work of Humberto Maturana, a widely respectedtheorist, whose work has received little attention in socialwork. The paper argues that Maturana’s biology of cognitionprovides an approach to ethics that takes into account the spontaneousnature of everyday work in which social workers undertake theirethical actions. It stresses the importance of emotions, particularlylove, and considers the way in which ethical action is shapedby culture. It emphasizes the importance of engaging in reflectionon professional practices and team, professional and organizationalculture in order for social workers to improve their awarenessof ethical dilemmas and promote ethical practice. For thoseteaching ethics, this paper suggests an alternative to the rationalconsideration of moral dilemmas and proposes approaches to trainingthat can help social workers become more attuned and responsiveto ethical conflicts.     

Risk, Mental Disorder and Social Work Practice: A Gendered Landscape

Whilst the importance of gender for social work practice, riskand mental health has been recognized theoretically for sometime, few attempts have been made to explore this area empirically.This paper presents findings from a mixed-methods study of socialwork practice in relation to mental health service users perceivedto be ‘high-risk’. Findings suggest, first, thatthe concept ‘high-risk’ was gendered because theprimary focus in social work practice was on the risks posedby male service users to others. Second, female social workersin the present study were found to have more female serviceusers from their caseloads who had been defined as ‘high-risk’compared with their male counterparts. The paper goes on toexplore this apparent congruence between female social workersand female service users and highlights how the management ofrisk could be considered gendered because it reflects a worker’s(perceived) capacity in cultural terms to ‘decode’the nature of the risks that their clients face as genderedsubjects. The paper demonstrates how the intersections betweenrisk, mental disorder and social work practice can thereforebe understood as a gendered landscape. It concludes by highlightingthe implications of these findings for social work practiceand research.     

灾害社会工作介入的三个问题

灾害社会工作的当下意义毋庸置疑，问题是如何介入？从新世纪以来的救灾经验，特别是从2008年救灾实践来看，灾害社会工作介入至少要重点处理好三个问题。首先是专业问题，与一般志愿服务不同，社会工作作为专业的助人事业，其专业性在灾害救助过程中显得犹为迫切；其次是组织问题，与一般社会工作不同，灾害社会工作更加强调组织的力量；最后是公私协力问题，与国外的社会工作不同，中国社会工作的大背景是强国家弱社会的格局，公与私的协调问题突出。     

Social work in the making: The state and social work development in China

The instrumental role of government in the development of social work in China has led to questions about its political function. So far, little has been reported on how the government has “made” social work in China. To fill this gap, we first provide a brief chronological review of major policies and activities of the Chinese government in its making of social work in China. The state's intervention has indeed been massive and crucial although, politically, it may limit the mandate of social work in China. Yet, we argue that the development of the social work profession in China is generating institutional space for the emerging civil society to take a more active role in welfare service delivery. Situated and mediating between the state and the emerging civil society, the social work profession in China will need to constantly negotiate its mandate to meet the needs of both sides.