Towards an Integration of the Behaviorist,the Cognitivist and the Interactionist Models in SLA in China

Introduction English Language teaching as a profession has enjoyed a long history.And ever since itsinitiation,people have investigated different models in language acquisition/learning andteaching,although only in recent years has attention been paid to the studies of SLA.In theChinese setting,research in foreign language teaching(TEFL)has been made in the fashionof the theories of first language acguisition or SLA,for it is believed that the contributions tostudies of the input provided by mothers(i.e motherese) in L1 acquisition and teachers inter-locuters in SLA are necessarily important for understanding the direction that TEEL researchhas followed,as they have provided both a methodololgy for investigating input and the re-search questions.The behaviorist,the cognitivist and the interactionist approaches have putforward different models in interpreting L1 acquisition and SLA,which obviously have theirown merits and demerits,depending on the level at which they are employed and the purposethey are     

The Independence of the Learner Is the Primary Aim of the Language Teacher

In recent years, in our country, a new upsurge of learning foreignlanguage has appeared along with the deepening of reform and theflourishing of construction of China's socialist modernization. Englishis mostly learned here because it has now become a popular language inthe world, people in many countries often communicate with each otherin English. Many native English-speakers come to China as teachers,     

War demography: The impact of the 1808–09 War on the civilian population of Åland,Finland

A pre-industrial population crisis caused by a war is examined using Finnish historical records. During the War of Finland (1808–09) the Swedish military deployed on the Åland Islands helped spread infectious diseases among the civilian population. The result was a short but intense period of high mortality. This article focuses on the short-term demographic impact of this crisis. Changes in age-specific and sex-specific mortality, fertility, and nuptiality are explored. Mortality increase was notable in all age groups, although older and very young people were more severely affected. A catch-up period in fertility followed a significant decrease in the number of births. Nuptiality decreased only slightly during the war, but a marriage boom owing to frequent remarriages ensued. A projection, assuming that the crisis did not occur, indicates that Åland's population losses were never compensated.L'utilisation des actes d'état civil finlandais permet d'étudier une crise liée à la guerre dans une population pré-industrielle. Les militaires suédois, déployés sur les îles Åland pendant la guerre de 1808–1809, ont propagé dans la population civile des maladies contagieuses. Le résultat en a été une courte mais intense période de forte mortalité. Cet article est centré sur l'effet démographique à court terme de cette crise. Il explore les changements dans la mortalité selon l'âge et le sexe, la fécondité et la nuptialité. L'accroissement de la mortalité a été important dans tous les groupes d'âges, bien que les personnes très âgées et celles très jeunes aient été plus sévèrement frappées. Après une chute significative du nombre de naissances on voit apparaître une période de rattrapage de la fécondité. Quant à la nuptialité elle ne diminua que légèrement durant la guerre, qui fut suivie d'un fort accroissement des mariages dû à de nombreux remariages. Enfin une projection de la population, qui élimine l'effet de la crise, montre que les pertes d'Åland ne furent jamais compensées à l'avenir.     

Discussion of the Connotation of English Terms

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Less Partnering,Less Children,or Both? Analysis of the Drivers of First Birth Decline in Finland Since 2010

European Journal of Population - In the 2010s, fertility has declined in the Nordic countries, most strikingly in Finland, and first births drive the decline. It remains unclear whether this...     

Does the Impact of the Tobacco Epidemic Explain Structural Changes in the Decline of Mortality?

Since 1950, most developed countries have exhibited structural changes in mortality decline. This complicates extrapolative forecasts, such as the commonly used Lee–Carter model, that require the presence of a steady long-term trend. This study tests whether the impact of the tobacco epidemic explains the structural changes in mortality decline, as it is presumed in earlier studies. For this purpose, the time index of the Lee-Carter model in males was investigated in 20 developed countries between 1950 and 2011 for possible structural changes. It was found that removing the impact of smoking from mortality trends took away more than half of the 12 detected trend breaks. For the remaining trend breaks, adjusting for smoking attenuated the degree of change in mortality decline. Taking the tobacco epidemic into account should become standard procedure in mortality forecasts to avoid a misleading extrapolation of trends. Nevertheless, more research is needed to identify additional factors, such as health-care policies and innovations in medical treatment, to explain the remaining structural changes.     

Improve the Competitiveness of Liaoning Equipment Manufacturing Industry on the Base of Institutional Innovation ——A Case Study of the Covemment Institutional Innovation of Tiexi District in Shenyang during the Transformation Process of the Equipment Manufacturing Industry

东北振兴的过程是一个制度创新或建立创新机制的过程,在老工业基地振兴过程中,制度创新成为影响辽宁装备制造产业竞争力的关键因素.本文以新制度经济学理论为基础,分析了辽宁装备制造业在历发展中面临的制度约束及其对装备制造产业竞争力的影响,从正式制度和非正式制度两个层面分析了辽宁升装备制造产业竞争力过程中所呈现出的制度创新需求.通过理论分析与铁西区的案例分析相结合的方式讨了在装备制造业竞争力提升过程中的政府制度创新问题,建议政府对产业政策与管理模型做出相应的变革将政府角色从建设型政府、管理型政府向服务型政府转变,将经济调控方式从调控企业向调控市场转变、从接管理向间接管理转变、从部门管理向行业管理转变,以适应辽宁装备制造产业竞争力的发展要求.     

A Brief Study of the Problems of NMET

As an inseparable part of language teaching,language testing will either foster or impede language teaching,depending on whether it is appropriately employed or not.Nevertheless,language testing and assessment system in China leaves much to be desired.The author takes the case of National Matriculation English Test(NMET) which boasts an annual testing population of millions and exerts tremendous impact on high school teaching and learning in China to discover the problems of Chinese Language Testing and offers some suggestions for improvement.     

Announcement of the 60th Anniversary of Liaoning University

As time goes by.Liaoning University is going to celebrate her 60th anniversary.To carry forward the spirit of our school motto-"Have moral integrity and learn what is best.Live up to our cause and make China strong     

fast,and the chelate is stable.During titration process of PEI aqu

y,and breakover occurs at the end point of titration.Based on the fact,a novel measurement method for Cu~(2 ) content has been found,that is conductometric titration by using PEI.The effects of various factors on the analysis method were examined,and the analysis conditions were optimized.This me     

A Cultural Analysis of Pound‘s Mistranslation in the Poem “Blue, blue is the Grass“

Ａｔｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｉｓｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ ,ＥｚｒａＰｏｕｎｄ ,ｗｉｔｈ“ａｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｃｏｌｏｒ”〔1〕(Ｐ10 4 8) ,ｔｒｉｅｄｅｖｅｒｙｗａｙｔｏｆｉｎｄｔｈｅｐｏｅｔｓ“ｗｈｏａｒｅｐｕｒｅｒｅｄ ...ｐｕｒｅｇｒｅｅｎ ,”〔1〕ｏｆｗｈｏｍｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｉｓａｓｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏａｐｏｅｔａｓｔｈｅｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｇｏｏｄｃｏｌｏｒｓｉｓｔｏａｐａｉｎｔｅｒ .Ｔｏｈｉｓｇｒｅａｔｊｏｙ ,ＰｏｕｎｄｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｍｉｎｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｐｏｅｔｒｙ .Ｈｅｓ…     

An Analysis of the Development of Jane Eyre''''s Characters

Charlotte Bronte in one of the distinguished English novelists of themid-19th century.As a gifted woman of the 19th century,she has     

The Rhythm of the Free Versein Leaves of Grass

The book Leaves of Grass was written by Walt Whitman (1819-1892). Through Whitman, American poets finally freed themselves from the Old English traditions. Whitman invented a completely new and completely American form of poetrc expression. To him,message was always     

On the Notion of“The Humaneness that Unifies the universe” of GENG Dingxiang

As the representative in the scholars of Yang-Ming,GENG Dingxiang made a modification and advance of WANG Yangming's theory.To GENG Dingxiang,the Spread-out of conscience was a uncontrollable process.This awakening of human being was a result of “The Humaneness that Unifies the universe”.To realize this ideal,GENG Dingxiang inverted an academic system of Three-pass and Four-evidence(三关四证).Based on this spirit,GENG Dingxiang had criticized the theories of Buddhism and Taoism and vulgar scholars.     

Discussion of the Major English Figures

ＤｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＭａｊｏｒＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＦｉｇｕｒｅｓＬｉａｎｇＤｅｙｉｎｇＲｈｅｔｏｒｉｃｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｕｓｅｄｉｎａｎｕｅｎｔＧｒｅｅｋ－ＩｔｗａｓｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｐｈｉｌｏｓｏｐｈｅｒＡｒｉｓｔｏｔｌｅｗｈｏｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｒｈｅ...     

Follow the Leader: A Relational Demography, Similarity Attraction, and Social Identity Theory of Leadership Approach of a Team’s Performance

While voluminous research exists on managerial successions and the decline of female head coaches, limited research has evaluated the impact of the coach’s gender on a team’s performance. Therefore, this study focused on gendered coaching successions to determine if the gender of the head coach influenced the team’s performance when controlling extraneous variables (e.g., revenues, expenses, and team statistics). Utilizing the theoretical foundations of relational demography (Tsui et al. in Productivity and interpersonal relations in work teams characterized by diversity, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 97–130, 1995) , similar-attraction paradigm (Byrne in The attraction paradigm. Academic Press, New York, 1971) and social identity theory of leadership (SITL; Hogg in Pers Social Psychol Rev 5:184–200, 2001), we hypothesized coaching successions to similar demographic leader-member dyad relationships would positively impact team performance. Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Equity in Athletic Data Analysis websites were collected on all Division I women’s basketball head coaching successions from 2003 to 2010. Coaching predecessors and successors were coded by gender, win-loss ratios, and performance statistics. Analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. Results indicated demographic similarities in leader-member dyadic relationships do not advance team performance.     

Bits of Experience in the Teaching of Speaking Skills Adults

ＢｉｔｓｏｆＥｅｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇｏｆＳｐｅａｋｉｎｇＳｋｉｌｌｓｔｏＡｄｕｌｔｓａｎｇＪｉａｋｕｎＮｏｗａｄａｙｓｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｈａｖｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｒｅａｌｉｚｅｔｈａｔｆｏｒｅｏｇｎｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓａ...     

The Conceptual Contours of Sex in the Chinese Life Sciences: Zhu Xi (1899–1962), Hermaphroditism, and the Biological Discourse of Ci and Xiong, 1920–1950

This paper “maps” a number of trajectories through which the conceptual contours of sex could be traced in the bioscientific discourse of Republican China. Focusing on the writings of the embryologist Zhu Xi (1899–1962), I analyze the epistemic functionality of such biological terms as ci (“biological femaleness”) and xiong (“biological maleness”) that acquired an unprecedented scope of cultural discursiveness in China only alongside the arrival of Western biology, which replaced classical learning and natural studies as the authoritative field of inquiry about life. I first show that when Chinese scientists used these terms to describe the sex of biological species, they relied on an epistemological framework of visual knowledge that granted some foundational operative power to a signifying order in which one could know by seeing the differences between ci and xiong (and, ultimately, sexual differences). These two terms’ lexicality and indexicality thus mutually reinforced one another in the production of their semiotic possibilities and epistemo-logicality. I then show that while they adopted ci and xiong as the bioscientific synonyms of the more culturally anthropocentric words such as nü (woman) and nan (man), Chinese biologists also incorporated sophisticated biological theories of sex from Europe and North America, including the theories of “gynandromorphism” and “intersexuality.” The implicit and explicit figurations of hermaphroditism reveal the ways in which at the heart of the entire bioscientific discourse of ci and xiong resides its key conceptual anchor: the human–non-human divide.

Who, What, Where, and When? Specifying the Impact of Educational Attainment and Labour Force Participation on Family Formation

This article studies the impact of educational attainment and labour force participation on the timing of entering a union, marriage, and parenthood, using data from Flemish and Dutch young adults born between 1961 and 1965. This impact is hypothesized to be contingent on sex, the event under consideration, the societal context in which family formation occurs, and the age of young adults. As expected, educational attainment has a stronger negative effect on women's entry into parenthood than on their entry into a union, a stronger negative effect on women's entry into marriage and parenthood in the Netherlands than in Flanders, and a stronger effect during the early stages of young adulthood than later on. Men's educational attainment did not show the expected positive effect on family formation. Enrollment in full-time education delays family formation, but more so in Flanders than in the Netherlands. Unemployment delays family formation among men, but only in Flanders.     

Technical Rationality,Popular Culture and False Needs：the Modernity dimension of Marcuse＇s Critique of Consumer Society

马尔库塞是较早地明确使用＂消费社会＂这一称谓的西方马克思主义者。他认为,消费社会是富裕的,但同时也是病态的。第一,技术理性利用对消遣、娱乐、休闲等的控制,成为消费社会新的意识形态和统治形式;第二,不断发展的技术以及强大的商品和消费逻辑,彻底破坏了文化的传统形式和基础,使其丧失了颠覆和反抗功能,沦为单向度的文化;第三,消费社会不断地制造和满足各种虚假需求,这是所有异化现象的根源。基于对现代性的反思,马尔库塞构建了独特的消费社会批判理论。