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1.
This article examines birth control as practice and discourse in 1920s and 1930s Korea under Japanese colonial rule and explores
links with family planning and reproductive practices in post-1945 South Korea. The control of women’s reproduction held critical
implications for meanings of domesticity, marriage, sexual relations, and new womanhood. While a woman-centered position did
emerge regarding birth control, the parameters of the discourse, concerns of gynecology, and the material culture of birth
control ultimately tied the bodies and health of women to their biological and social roles as mothers.
相似文献
Sonja KimEmail: |
2.
Choong-Hwan Park 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):235-264
The peasantry is probably the last social category that researchers of technology and society readily associate with the use
of high technologies such as the Internet. But in China recently, tens of thousands of peasant entrepreneurs, engaged in a
unique form of rural tourism popularly called nongjiale (delights in farm guesthouses), have adopted the Internet as a medium for advertising their farm guesthouses. This paper
is an anthropological study of how Chinese peasant entrepreneurs’ adoption of the Internet is engrained in the broader material
and symbolic orders of contemporary Chinese society. By exploring the way in which the Chinese peasants are idiosyncratically
involved with the Internet, it also questions whether STS (Science, Technology, and Society) concepts such as users and non-users,
developed essentially within Euro-American contexts, are adequate to explain the symbolic appropriations of high-tech in pursuit
of modernity in China today.
相似文献
Choong-Hwan ParkEmail: |
3.
Elisabeth Hsu 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(4):465-484
This introductory article provides an overview over the history of Chinese medicine, as it evolved in the People’s Republic
of China over the last 60 years. In particular, it highlights how Traditional Chinese Medicine (zhongyi), as invented in the 1950s during a period of nationalism marked by idealism and pride in China’s ancient philosophy and
cultural heritage, has evolved into a medicine that thrives on the contemporary global health market in a neoliberal climate.
This latter form of Chinese medicine, which the author, in accordance with its Chinese promoters, calls zhongyiyao “Chinese medicine and pharmacotherapy,” has led to a further materialization of the once scholarly medical currents of Chinese
medicine. However, as this volume will show, the globalization of Chinese medicine should not merely be considered in respect
of those aspects that are being sold in those niches of society that offer a cure for bodily ailments but also in respect
of those that—in accordance with the way Cartesian dualism has divided health care—are increasingly consumed as aspects of
preventive medicine, namely taijiquan, and qigong.
相似文献
Elisabeth HsuEmail: |
4.
Mareile Flitsch 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):265-288
Knowledge organisation, embodiment of knowledge and knowledge representation are important issues for an anthropology of technology,
which seeks to explore the ways in which people find and shape everyday solutions to social and technical challenges. This
article discusses the impact of skill and of risk prevention on women’s decision-making, as well as on the domestication and
appropriation of new technologies. Particular attention is paid to non-synchronicity as a retarding factor and to the obsolescence
of skills as a critical moment in the transformation of socio-technical systems in twentieth century rural northern China
as elsewhere.
相似文献
Mareile FlitschEmail: |
5.
In Korea, scientific excellence has been perceived as one of the key elements of modern nation-building. Moreover, from the
late 1990s to the early 2000s, the government represented biotechnology as the future engine of the economy. Hwang succeeded
in representing himself as the hero of Korean science by appropriating the public eagerness for scientific achievement. However,
he relied on nationalist rhetoric too often against criticisms, which eventually made a considerable part of the public turn
skeptical about his integrity. Although various forms of techno-nationalism are still pervasive in Korea, Hwang’s scandal
has given a valuable chance for reflection on the relationship of science and nationalism.
相似文献
Tae-Ho KimEmail: |
6.
Misa Matsuda 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):167-188
This paper focuses on children in Japan who begin using mobile phones (keitai) while in elementary school and will discuss aspects of parental–child relationships that involve keitai use. Firstly, this paper presents an overview of a Japanese society presently immersed in mobile media, focusing particularly
on the spread of mobile media use to younger Japanese children. Data are presented from two research projects and analyzed
to examine the cause of, and circumstances that lead to, child keitai use. Increasing social anxieties about safety and parental concern have reportedly led to increasing perception that keitai use is valuable in times of emergency, or in order to prevent crime, leading to a shift in attitudes towards children’s keitai use: that which was formerly considered “unnecessary” has now become “necessary”. However, the anxiety about safety is shared
by almost all people and is therefore not itself a deciding factor regarding children’s keitai ownership. Keitai usage is, instead, prompted by several factors, some of which are not shared by children and parents. From this rift in reasoning
emerges a game of tug-of-war over ownership and use between children and parents.
相似文献
Misa MatsudaEmail: |
7.
Women and minorities have consistently experienced marginalization and inequality in the United States, with low-income, immigrant
and refugee women experiencing the most severe forms. This paper explores how we can restructure one area in which disparities
exist, the primary healthcare system, to provide respectful, compassionate, accessible and adequate care to refugee and low-income
women who are medically at-risk during pregnancy. This will be done by reviewing the Priscilla Project, an inner-city program
that serves at-risk pregnant women in Buffalo, NY, including the history and persistence of disparities in healthcare, activities
and impact of the program, and the uniquely contextualized program paradigm.
相似文献
Jimmy RoweEmail: |
8.
Anne R. Roschelle 《Gender Issues》2008,25(3):193-209
Using data collected during a 4 year ethnography, this paper examines how the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has impacted homeless women in San Francisco who are also victims of domestic violence. Specifically
this paper looks at how the behavior of abusive men prevents homeless women from successfully navigating the new welfare-to-work
requirements and maintaining stable employment. Findings indicate that despite the discourse touting the success of welfare
reform, the 1996 PRWORA has further disenfranchised an already devastated population systematically forcing them further onto
the margins of society.
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
Anne R. RoschelleEmail: |
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
9.
Marcella Gemelli 《Gender Issues》2008,25(2):101-113
This article explores the ideas of low-income single mothers on certain aspects of welfare reform, namely the Marriage Promotion
Act, which uses funds for the formation and maintenance of two parent families. Drawing on research with former and current
welfare recipients, the author explores how the mothers felt about certain welfare reform policies while trying to understand
their current work and family arrangements. Two main ideas behind welfare reform were to encourage paid work and two parent
families. While the mothers acknowledged that having access to a second wage earner would help themselves and their children
realize a life less complicated by monetary issues, they expressed anger and frustration at being encouraged to marry. Welfare
reform dictates that families receiving assistance take personal responsibility for their low-income lives and that paid work
is essential to moving a family out of poverty. The stories from the mothers interviewed for this study suggest that while
they valued work and wanted to work, to combine work with being a “good mother” was difficult to accomplish. Ultimately, what
these mothers suggest through their experiences is the contradiction of welfare reform—paid work does not necessarily provide
independence and marriage to another wage earner also undermines independence.
相似文献
Marcella GemelliEmail: |
10.
This article discusses the reception of Chinese qigong in a Western context by focusing on the learning and experiencing of qigong in Norway. Drawing on ethnographic material from fieldwork among participants of a style of qigong referred to as Biyun medical qigong, I in particular explore the variety of body–mind states that Norwegian qigong students experience. I have differentiated five “stages” of Biyun practice. Using these stages as a framework, I demonstrate
the gradual progression in the learning of qigong. “Body,” “concentration,” and qi (“life energy”) are all important constitutive dimensions in the practice, but as the learning progresses, qi becomes more
and more prominent. Drawing on a definition of the body as “learning to be affected” and “learning to affect” (Despret, Body
Soc 10:111–134, 2004; Latour, Body Soc 10:205–229, 2004), I suggest that qigong may be perceived as a practice that, at its core, involves learning to be affected by qi as well as to affect qi.
相似文献
Gry SagliEmail: |
11.
Jennifer Tomlinson 《Gender Issues》2008,25(4):246-266
The paper aims to develop a framework to understand the variant use of part-time work by employed mothers in the UK and US.
In particular, this paper seeks to explore how diversity in the use of part-time work can be explained when both countries
are associated with a neo-liberal form of capitalism (Hall and Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism: the institutional foundations
of comparative advantage, 2001) and welfare regime (Esping-Andersen, The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990). It is
argued here that by combining aspects of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and welfare regimes literatures with Gender Regime
theory (Walby, Social Politics, 11(1):4–29, 2004), a gender centred analysis of both the causes and consequences of divergent
working-time patterns can be more adequately achieved.
相似文献
Jennifer TomlinsonEmail: |
12.
Howard Hsueh-Hao Chiang 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):401-430
This paper “maps” a number of trajectories through which the conceptual contours of sex could be traced in the bioscientific
discourse of Republican China. Focusing on the writings of the embryologist Zhu Xi (1899–1962), I analyze the epistemic functionality
of such biological terms as ci (“biological femaleness”) and xiong (“biological maleness”) that acquired an unprecedented scope of cultural discursiveness in China only alongside the arrival
of Western biology, which replaced classical learning and natural studies as the authoritative field of inquiry about life.
I first show that when Chinese scientists used these terms to describe the sex of biological species, they relied on an epistemological
framework of visual knowledge that granted some foundational operative power to a signifying order in which one could know by seeing the differences between ci and xiong (and, ultimately, sexual differences). These two terms’ lexicality and indexicality thus mutually reinforced one another
in the production of their semiotic possibilities and epistemo-logicality. I then show that while they adopted ci and xiong as the bioscientific synonyms of the more culturally anthropocentric words such as nü (woman) and nan (man), Chinese biologists also incorporated sophisticated biological theories of sex from Europe and North America, including
the theories of “gynandromorphism” and “intersexuality.” The implicit and explicit figurations of hermaphroditism reveal the
ways in which at the heart of the entire bioscientific discourse of ci and xiong resides its key conceptual anchor: the human–non-human divide.
相似文献
Howard Hsueh-Hao ChiangEmail: |
13.
Although there is some awareness of how women in infertility treatment have suffered physically and psychologically, it is
a little known fact that there is a limit to the “cures” that can be achieved even with assisted reproductive technologies.
Here, I describe how the existence of ART affects women’s decision making about their lives. Through life histories of women
who underwent infertility treatment, I explore the factors which cause their suffering and conflict—that they cannot give
up on having children even though they want to give up—as follows: (1) The models of their ideal family which have been formed
throughout their lives is ‘ordinary’ family; (2) they experienced the alienation from their own bodies in infertility treatment;
(3) they are afraid that they deviate from the community norm because of infertility; (4) their narrative shows their suffering
from infertility is caused by tense relationship in family and community. These factors make women in infertility belittle
themselves. Through their life histories, I conclude that they need to be empowered if they want to akirameru (give up) having children after prolonged infertility treatment. To paraphrase, a woman who suffers from infertility and
infertility treatment is empowered when she becomes unafraid to deviated from cultural norms.
相似文献
Azumi TsugeEmail: |
14.
Adele E. Clarke 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):303-326
This special issue of EASTS examines reproductive technoscience, gender, and the formation of East Asian modernities across the twentieth and into the
twenty-first century. We begin our introduction with a brief overview of social science scholarship to date on reproductive
topics. We then turn to emergent trends: going to and coming from beyond the West, complicating the issues, and intensive
localizing and comparative research. Next, we discuss themes that cut across considerations of gender, reproductive technologies,
and related issues in East Asia: issues of imperialisms and colonialisms as roots and contexts, postcolonial and nationalist
forms of embeddedness, feminist theories of gender and transnationalism, and relations of gender and reproductive technologies
to biological citizenship. Last is an introduction to the articles in this special issue.
相似文献
Adele E. ClarkeEmail: |
15.
John P. DiMoia 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):361-379
This paper looks at the formation of a South Korean national health network by focusing on the introduction of an ambitious
National Family Planning (FP) Program under President Park Chung Hee (1961–1968). The program, influenced in part by the model
of its neighbor, Taiwan (Taichung), saw two pilot studies carried out in Koyang (rural, beginning in 1963) and Sundong-gu
(Seoul metropolitan area, 1964–1966), before being carried to rural areas nationwide. If the program began with numerous echoes
of Japanese colonial practice, it was mobilized specifically in terms of the emerging “modern” South Korean story and the
state’s relationship to the welfare of the individual family unit. Using a range of Korean and English-language sources, the
paper illustrates how the FP effort took: (1) the Koyang study of the effects of mass communication in rural areas as a tentative
blueprint for expanding its national agenda; (2) subsequently enlisted mobile transportation (1966) to expand the scope of
its reach; and finally, mobilized “Mothers’ Clubs” (1968) to penetrate the very fabric of rural society, making women both
the target as well as the primary means of distribution. Ultimately, this strategy of enlisting the active participation of
South Korean women on behalf of the program asked rural women in particular to submit their bodies to the state’s scrutiny,
even as they formed the core of the distribution network. In this respect, FP anticipated the mass mobilization of rural South
Korea in the New Village movement of the 1970s and leaves behind an ambiguous legacy of state control that is only just beginning
to be re-examined.
相似文献
John P. DiMoiaEmail: |
16.
Though surveys repeatedly demonstrate that most women who are homeless alone have minor children living apart from them, there
is little information on the circumstances of their separations or whether and how they remain involved with their children.
Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with mothers, relatives caring for their children, and shelter and child welfare
staff highlights a tension between perspectives and aspirations of mothers and the agendas and social processes through which
institutional systems manage the family life of women marginalized by homelessness and disability. Though women’s agency is
evident in their efforts to maintain parenting roles, without facilitating resources and supportive structures, agency is
often reduced to unpalatable choices among constraining alternatives. We consider how service systems might mitigate barriers
to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.
相似文献
Susan M. BarrowEmail: |
17.
Julie A. Winterich 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):51-69
In this article, I analyze interviews with a diverse group of 30 women aged 46–71 to understand how they experience signs
of aging, such as weight gain, gray hair, and facial hair, in everyday life. I find that some women’s responses are in line
with normative femininity and appearance norms. Others, however, focus on different gendered meanings of the body that are
connected to care-taking, work, ageist treatment, and past abuse. I argue that feminists should apply the theoretical concept
of femininity more broadly than appearance and attraction issues to gain a deeper understanding of the multiple meanings of
living in an aging female body in a gendered society. In the conclusion, I discuss the implications of this study for public
health policies as well as future research on gender and the body.
相似文献
Julie A. WinterichEmail: |
18.
Emma Bayne 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):130-140
Sweden is often hailed as a pioneering country regarding gender equity, but it still has gender equity issues to deal with,
and gender stereotyping is sometimes mentioned as one of them. Since the 1990s, Sweden has seen the emergence of many gender
pedagogy projects, not least in pre-schools. With gender equity projects among adults yielding limited results, the focus
has shifted to children to see if gender stereotypes can be countered in childhood. This article aims to provide an overview
of the gender pedagogy projects that have been carried out in Swedish pre-schools. The article covers background, methods
and insights gained.
相似文献
Emma BayneEmail: |
19.
Jan M. Hoem Dora Kostova Aiva Jasilioniene Cornelia Mureşan 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(3):239-255
Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from
a similar survey of Hungary, which were all collected in recent years, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital
unions. We have used elements from the narrative of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) as a vehicle to give our analysis
of the data from the four countries some coherence, and find what can be traces of the SDT in these countries. The details
vary by country; in particular, latter-day developments in union formation patterns did not start at the same time in all
the countries, but in our assessment it began everywhere before communism fell, that is, before the societal transition to
a market economy got underway in 1990.
相似文献
Jan M. HoemEmail: |
20.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight methodological issues and considerations which will be of use to researchers interested
in further understanding the complexity of intimate partner violence in the lives of Hispanic men who have sex with men. We
present a brief review of the research on intimate partner violence which highlights intersections of health and behavior
risk factors (i.e., alcohol-related-intimate-partner-violence and HIV/AIDS risk) pertaining to gender, ethnicity, and sexuality
in this population of males. We then present the reader with a synthesis and critique of several methodological concerns relevant
to furthering research in this area including: locating participants, considerations of the impact of local cultural contexts,
and impact of researcher positionality. Research recommendations for addressing intimate partner violence as a complex public
health concern embedded in “hidden populations” conclude the paper.
Robert L. Peralta is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Akron, USA. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 2002. His areas of interest and expertise include substance use and abuse, deviance, gender, social inequality, and interpersonal violence. Alcohol use in intimate partner violence and the association between alcohol use and the construction of gender are the focus of his current research. Some of his publications appear in the Journal of Drug Issues; Sex Roles; Journal of Men’s Studies; Gender Issues; Journal of the American Board of Family Practice; Deviant Behavior, and Violence and Victims. Jodi Ross is a doctoral student in Sociology at the University of Akron. Her research focus is employing ethnographic methods to study the relationships between women’s lives, poverty, interpersonal violence, neighborhood organization and crime through ethnographic field methods. 相似文献
Jodi RossEmail: |
Robert L. Peralta is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Akron, USA. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 2002. His areas of interest and expertise include substance use and abuse, deviance, gender, social inequality, and interpersonal violence. Alcohol use in intimate partner violence and the association between alcohol use and the construction of gender are the focus of his current research. Some of his publications appear in the Journal of Drug Issues; Sex Roles; Journal of Men’s Studies; Gender Issues; Journal of the American Board of Family Practice; Deviant Behavior, and Violence and Victims. Jodi Ross is a doctoral student in Sociology at the University of Akron. Her research focus is employing ethnographic methods to study the relationships between women’s lives, poverty, interpersonal violence, neighborhood organization and crime through ethnographic field methods. 相似文献