搭建沟通美丽桥梁 走进孩子心灵深处——小学班主任班级管理之沟通艺术

在小学的教育教学中,班主任是一个很重要的角色,不仅教授学生相关的学科知识,还是一个班级中的指引者,像风帆一样;也像一座桥梁,连接了学校与学生的关系,是学生成长中不可缺少的人,对学生的学习和成长起着十分重要的作用。沟通是人与人之间情感沟通必不可少的工具,良好地沟通可以拉近人与人之间的联系,提高人感受幸福的能力。班主任在进行班级管理时,提高沟通能力可以加强师生交流,优化师生情感,有利于促进班级整体凝聚力和集体荣誉感,提升班级管理水平,从而营造出良好的班级氛围。本文重点以小学班主任班级管理之沟通艺术展开相关探究。     

遵从抑或濡染？班级同伴网络视角下的心理健康研究

本文超越了既有研究的个体网络视角,通过使用中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）的两期数据,考察班级同伴网络对学生心理健康的影响及其条件机制。本研究有如下发现：首先,在中国行政班级制度下,班级整体心理健康水平（社会遵从效应）和快乐同伴比例（快乐同伴效应）能够对学生的心理健康产生显著的正向影响,抑郁同伴比例与学生的心理健康呈显著负相关（抑郁同伴效应）;其次,学生更倾向于受到与自己心理健康观念和行为类似的同伴的影响,对于班级相对心理健康状况较差、中等、较好的学生而言,抑郁同伴效应、社会遵从效应和快乐同伴效应分别发挥显著的主导作用;最后,班级同伴网络对集体融入、亲子交流状况不同的学生的心理健康具有差异化的影响,随着集体融入和亲子交流的提高,抑郁同伴效应逐渐减弱,而社会遵从效应和快乐同伴效应逐渐增强。     

以生为本，提升班级管理实效

中国有句古话叫做“一日为师终身为 父”,师徒之间的深厚情谊只需这八个字便无需 赘言了。自古以来教育就不仅是知识的传授,还 是师生之间关于道德思想、为人处事等等事物在 情感上的共鸣,是心意相通的惺惺相惜,也是志 同道合的同舟共济。但是现如今,因为集中教学 管理模式的存在,以及来自社会、学校、班级之间 的压力,使得许多初中班主任在管理班级时存在 一些急功近利的做法,影响班级管理的效率,也 制约了学生的发展。     

浅谈小学语文教学中班主任班级管理

小学生心理可塑性大,思维发展还在不成熟阶段。工作中,班主任要利用与学生的见面时间多、接触宽的有利因素,交流中一般都在主导地位和学生谈话。在管理中,班主任要发挥自己善于交流的特长,放下架子,像和自己的儿女相处一样,和他们交朋友。小学生就会和你“知无不言、言无不尽”。亦师亦友的关系既对班级教学环境的建设有影响,又对小学生的身心发展不利。在传统班级管理环境中,一些班主任在与学生交流中方法单一、唯独师尊,把让整个班级的氛围搞的很紧张,这既对教育教学效果有极大的影响,让学会生产生恐惧,心理障碍就会形成。因此,我们做班主任的应该思考班级管理的制度化、多进行交流、师生互动,才能带好一个班级。     

浅谈小学班主任班级管理过程中的语言艺术及沟通方法

小学班主任在班级管理的过程当中,讲究语言艺术,运用沟通方法,不仅可以关照学生自尊心,提升管理质量,能够促使学生理解班主任工作,提升班级凝聚力,还可以化解师生之间的矛盾,打造和谐友好的班级氛围。可以说,运用适当的语言艺术以及合理的沟通方法,是新时期小学班主任工作的重要任务,更是提升其管理水平与成效的强有力支撑。对此,本文着重就语言艺术及沟通方法的应用策略展开深入探究,以期为广大班主任提供一些有益的借鉴与参考。     

学校环境与学生成绩的性别差异

近几十年来,随着女生受教育权利越来越得到重视,男女生在受教育机会方面趋于平等,但学校中却出现了男生平均成绩相比女生普遍偏低的现象,学生学习成绩的性别差异越来越明显。本文采用学校固定效应模型,分析不同的班级环境对学生学习成绩造成的影响及其性别差异。研究结果显示,男生学习成绩落后的现象多存在于学习环境相对较差的学校。进一步加入中间变量,初步探析其形成机制后发现,在较差的学校中,男生容易在同伴群体中形成反学校的认知、态度和行为,女生则较少受到这种影响,因而容易造成学习成绩上的性别差异。     

“领头羊”累并快乐--班主任经验交流

班主任是全班学生的组织者、领导者和教育者，是学生健康成长的引路人，是学校行政领导对学生进行思想品德教育的重要助手和骨干力量，是班级任课老师、学生集体组织的纽带和沟通学生与学生家庭以及社会教育力量的桥梁。班主任对班级工作管理方式和艺术，对学生学习情绪的思想稳定有着直接的影响。所以班主任要做好学生的“领头羊”。     

小学班级管理中精细化管理的应用探讨

班级管理工作是小学教育当中重要的环节之一,良好的班级管理可以有助学生的学习成长,同时也是学校管理的教育基础,是学校正常教学制度的保障。随着我国教学理念的改革,精细化管理方法进入了大众的视野,在小学班级管理工作中,精细化管理方式可以很好地帮助班主任对班级整体进行管理,学生的日常生活和学习状态都得到了很大程度上的提高,精细化管理取得了很好地应用效果。但是在实际应用的过程中,精细化管理还是存在着一些缺陷和不足,需要老师进行研究和改良。本文主要分析了精细化管理的具体概念以及在班级中的应用,探讨了目前精细化管理在班级管理中的存在的一些问题,提出了优化精细化管理的策略方法。     

家庭背景、班级情境与青少年的跨群体交往

通过分析“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）数据,本文考察了家庭背景和班级情境对流动儿童和本地儿童跨群体交往的影响。研究发现,家庭社会经济地位对流动儿童的跨群体交往具有积极作用,但本地儿童的家庭社会经济地位越高,跨群体朋友数量反而越少。总体而言,班级异质性与学生的跨群体朋友数量之间呈倒“U”型关系,但随着班级异质性的上升,流动儿童的跨群体朋友数量呈下降趋势,本地儿童则正好相反。所属群体跨群体社会交往越多,学生拥有的跨群体朋友数量越多,并且这种积极作用对本地儿童的影响更大。而外部群体的封闭性越强,学生跨群体朋友数量就越少,并且这种消极作用对流动儿童更强。最后还发现,上述班级情境影响效应的群体性差异主要存在于本地儿童数量占优势的班级。     

试析影响思想政治理论课学业情绪的因素

本研究通过问卷抽样调查,找出影响思想政治理论课学业情绪的各种因素,大体归之为两大类:内在因素和外在因素。其中,内在因素包括了学习动机、学业自我概念、自我效能感等。外在因素则包括课堂教学质量、教师的风格、班级学习氛围、课后校园学习氛围、教师对学生的关注度、学校对学业成绩的要求以及考试监考严格程度等。     

School Socioeconomic Segregation and Educational Expectations of Students in China’s Junior High Schools

China’s educational enterprise has achieved great successes since reform and opening up in 1978, but the constraints imposed by a number of factors mean that the problem of unequal distribution of high quality educational resources among groups from different strata is becoming increasingly noticeable at the basic education stage, leading to socioeconomic segregation in schools. We utilize baseline data from the China Education Panel Survey for 2013-2014 to investigate this phenomenon in junior high schools and its influence upon students’ educational expectations. Our findings show that marked segregation currently exists at the junior high school level. The extent of the segregation varies from region to region and place to place (urban or rural), and school socioeconomic composition (SEC) exerts a significant influence upon students’ educational expectations. The higher the school’s average SEC or the greater its heterogeneity, the higher the educational expectations of its students. The effect of school SEC upon the educational expectations of students varies depending on the characteristics of different student groups; students who have lower cognitive abilities and fall behind at school are more likely to benefit from an increase in school socioeconomic status (SES) and heterogeneity. Because educational expectations are a decisive factor in academic achievement and educational attainment, the influence of school socioeconomic segregation upon educational equity should not be overlooked. Lessening the degree of school socioeconomic segregation and encouraging integrated schools would be an effective measure for ensuring educational equity in China.     

The Social Adaptation of Children of Mexican Immigrants: Educational Aspirations Beyond Junior High School

Objective . This article draws on the concept of segmented assimilation to analyze the values toward, aspirations for, and realistic expectations of pursuing formal education among Mexican–origin students in southern California. Methods . Survey data inform the analyses, which include regression of educational aspirations and expectations on a series of potentially significant independent variables. Results . The evidence of segmented assimilation is mixed. Informants are nearly unanimous in professing positive values toward formal education. However, length of residency in the United States is negatively and fluent bilingualism in Spanish and English is positively associated with educational aspirations and expectations. Conclusions . At the cusp of entering high school, Mexican–origin students profess positive educational values, aspirations, and expectations, belying documented elevated rates of high school dropout and low rates of college attendance.     

School Size and the Interpersonal Side of Education: An Examination of Race/Ethnicity and Organizational Context*

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to extend research on the connection between school size and student outcomes by examining how school size was related to interpersonal processes and whether the interpersonal effects of school size varied by race/ethnicity. Methods. We applied multilevel modeling techniques to a sample of 14,966 students in 84 schools from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. Increasing school size was associated with decreasing student attachment to school and to teachers as well as extracurricular participation. Student attachment and teacher bonding diminished with increasing school size at a decreasing rate (reaching minimums in schools with between 1,700–2,000 students), but extracurricular participation dropped at a steady rate. These patterns did not differ substantially by race/ethnicity. Conclusions. The size of the educational institution influences interpersonal dynamics among actors in the institution and does so similarly across student groups. More generally, this research demonstrates the importance of organizational characteristics for social life.     

Towards Establishing School Social Work in Malaysia

This paper calls for the introduction of school social work in Malaysia. Many industrialized countries have introduced school social work, partly because teachers are not able to tackle students' personal and social problems. Teachers are burdened with teaching tasks and are not trained to handle social problems. The introduction of school social work in these developed countries was an admission that there was only so much teachers could do in addressing the problems of school children. Even with school counselors, the problems have not decreased. Many parents in Malaysia perceive schools to be incapable of providing sufficient education to excel in the major exams. The existence of many private tuition institutions and private teachers is a testimony to that perception. If society has already deemed these teachers to be incapable of providing quality education, to expect them to look after students' social problems is presumptuous on society's part. The need for school personnel who understand the social ills of the community is urgently needed, and it is the contention of this paper that school social workers are best equipped for that responsibility.     

When Can We Expect the Unexpected? Predicting Educational Attainment When it Differs from Previous Expectations

Individuals' expectations are strong predictors of their behaviors; educational expectations predict enrollment in postsecondary education. Yet in many cases, a youth's previous educational expectations are not met or are exceeded. This study examines correlates of educational expectations and unexpected educational attainment using longitudinal data from Monitoring the Future, a U.S. national study. Demographic characteristics, educational experiences in high school, and other risk and protective factors were related to expectations for educational attainment during high school. Logistic regressions indicated that high school curriculum, average grades, educational aspirations, and parents' educational level were particularly strong indicators of youth not meeting their expectation to graduate from a 4-year college, or graduating from college despite expecting not to graduate by age 25/26. We discuss the implications of unexpected pathways in terms of discontinuity during transitions and consider the implications for improved educational and career counseling during high school .     

Student,classroom, and teacher factors associated with teachers’ attunement to bullies and victims

Teachers are instrumental in antibullying efforts given their position of authority in the classroom context, yet teachers can only be effective at reducing victimization and bullying in their classrooms if they are aware of who is involved. Consequently, teachers’ attunement to bullies and victims is a critical component of social dynamics management and antibullying practices. Given the importance of teacher attunement, there is a pressing need to identify relevant factors related to the degree to which teachers are attuned to bullies and victims. The major objective of the current investigation was to examine student- (gender, popularity status), classroom- (average bullying, norm salience of bullying, popularity hierarchy, class size), and teacher-level (gender, teaching experience) factors associated with teachers’ attunement to bullies and victims. Using a sample of students in 5th-grade classrooms, we analyzed the likelihood of teachers being attuned to 267 bullies (76.8% boys) nested in 112 classrooms and 343 victims (55.1% boys) nested in 120 classrooms using multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models. Results indicated that teachers were more likely to be attuned to boy bullies and victims but less likely to be attuned to bullies and victims with higher popularity status. No classroom or teacher level factors related significantly to the likelihood of teachers’ attunement. Implications for social dynamics management and bullying intervention efforts are discussed.     

学校社会工作介入农民工子弟学校的价值分析

农民工子弟学校是城市化流动加速背景下产生的特殊教育机构。学校社会工作介入农民工子弟学校不仅对于农民工子弟学校，而且对于拓展社会工作都具有重要的现实意义。其具体价值体现为：优化心理素质，促进学生正常心理的健康发展；增强学生对城市的认同感，促进其亲社会行为的发展；密切联系家庭，改善家庭教育效果；提高学生的学习动机与学习积极性；影响教师的教育理念，加强教师与学生的沟通；实现教育公平、构建和谐社会；促进社会工作的社会认可度。     

家庭背景、教育期望与大学教育获得：基于上海市调查数据的实证研究

家庭背景通过子女教育实现优势地位的代际传递,以往国内研究认为,这种代际传递主要通过教育分流和文化资本、社会资本机制得以实现。本文根据威斯康星教育获得模型的研究成果,引入大学教育期望作为家庭背景影响子女大学教育获得的中间机制。研究采用2010年“上海居民家庭生活状况调查”数据。分析发现,在少年时具有大学教育期望的人,最终获得大学教育的机会明显增加,而个人大学教育期望的产生又主要同家庭背景和父母期望有关。具有优势地位的父母（尤其是接受过高等教育的父母）对子女上大学的期望较高,并激发了子女上大学的期望。同时,具有优势地位的父母能更多地参与到子女的教育过程中,为子女创造更多的支持条件,这些都有助于子女维持和实现自己的教育期望。因而,整个代际传递的逻辑可以表述为：家庭社会经济地位越高的子女,其上大学的期望也越高,这种期望最终会转化为大学教育获得的优势。     

Causes and Consequences of Unexpected Educational Transitions in Switzerland

The present study examines transition patterns of Swiss secondary and tertiary school students. Switzerland's highly canalized education system allows us to test how tracking affects person–environment fit of students for students who choose a normative versus unexpected downward transition pattern. In addition, we investigate how self-efficacy expectations and personal values affect an unexpected transition choice. Results indicate that students with strong expectancies and personal values can oppose institutional norms and chart their own academic course; however, these students are less likely to perceive a good fit between their own interests and competencies and institutional demands after the transition. Our findings underscore the importance of developmentally appropriate educational environments and systems permeable enough to adapt to developing students' changing interests .     

高师德育应突出师范性

德育是学校教育的灵魂,高等师范院校的德育教育必须突出师范性,这是由高师的培养目标和我国的国情决定的.高师德育必须以培养造就道德主体为根本原则.其基本内容和实现的途径主要有理想信念教育和课堂理论教学;社会公德教育和学生自我管理;职业道德教育和社会活动的参与;言行礼仪教育和校园文化生活.