地震灾区儿童心理重建与社会工作介入

地震给儿童带来诸多心理创伤。社会工作关注灾区儿童的生理、心理和社会功能的恢复,在灾后儿童的心理重建中发挥重要作用。基于社会生态系统理论、危机干预的心理社会转变模式理论,运用个案工作和小组工作方法,秉承"助人自助"的理念,社会工作能帮助地震灾区儿童挖掘自身潜力,提高耐挫力,治疗和恢复儿童社会功能。     

震后社会工作介入儿童友好家园的思考

在灾害中儿童和妇女是弱势群体,四川地震后,儿童友好家园的建立旨在为灾区儿童及其家庭提供以社区为基础的游戏、娱乐、教育、卫生和社会心理支持等一体化服务,帮助灾区儿童尽快消除地震造成的不利影响,回归正常生活。通过在家园活动的开展对＂优势视角＂、＂儿童保护＂、＂儿童参与＂、＂社会工作本土化＂等有了一些理解。在活动开展的过程中也遇到各个方面的问题,在解决问题过程中,思考社会工作专业的若干问题。     

社会工作介入地震灾区的社会秩序重建研究①--基于社会资本积累的视角

本文探讨地震灾区社会工作、社会资本及经济发展之间内在逻辑联系的理论架构。影响现代经济增长的一个要素是社会资本;根源于人们基本的生存、发展和社交需求,社会工作有助于地震灾区增进相互信任,增进社会资本,恢复社会秩序,进而促进灾区经济增长。地震灾区社会秩序的重建,应以社区为基本单元,以社会工作服务为切入点,营造个人、社工机构、企业与政府之间高度信任的环境,促进社会资本的积累,复兴经济。为此,需要整合灾区福利资源,在抗震救灾和灾后重建体系中明确社会工作的地位、角色、权利,并搭建社会工作交流平台;同时,以政府和公益慈善机构通过社会捐赠购买社会工作服务为主,加大社区重建的经费投入,保障地震灾区社会工作的顺利运行。     

震后社会工作介入儿童友好家园的思考

在灾害中儿童和妇女是弱势群体,四川地震后,儿童友好家园的建立旨在为灾区儿童及其家庭提供以社区为基础的游戏、娱乐、教育、卫生和社会心理支持等一体化服务,帮助灾区儿童尽快消除地震造成的不利影响,回归正常生活。通过在家园活动的开展对"优势视角"、"儿童保护"、"儿童参与"、"社会工作本土化"等有了一些理解。在活动开展的过程中也遇到各个方面的问题,在解决问题过程中,思考社会工作专业的若干问题。     

灾后对社会工作人才队伍需求的探析

汶川地震后,民政部、国务院妇儿工委、四川省民政厅、部分灾区对口援建省市民政部门、灾区各级政府以及各类社会工作行业管理机构、多种社会服务组织积极整合社会工作专业力量,在我国开创了社会工作介入灾害救援和灾后恢复重建的先河,有力推动了灾区社会工     

灾后对社会工作人才队伍需求的探析

汶川地震后，民政部、国务院妇儿工委、四川省民政厅、部分灾区对口援建省市民政部门、灾区各级政府以及各类社会工作行业管理机构、多种社会服务组织积极整合社会工作专业力量，在我国开创了社会工作介入灾害救援和灾后恢复重建的先河，有力推动了灾区社会工作制度建设与实务开展。     

灾后儿童社会工作的运行与发展—以雅安地震灾区为例

近年来,地震灾害频发,儿童作为受灾中的弱势群体备受关注,作为提供专业服务的社会工作专业队伍,有能力也有责任介入到灾后儿童救助的行动中,并有望成为核心力量。灾后儿童社会工作的运行与发展以4.20雅安地震灾区为例,以儿童服务站为依托,提出了灾后儿童社会工作的两种工作模式,同时结合社会工作服务组织在灾后社会工作实践中的经验,提出了完善和丰富社会工作理论及实务模式的几点发展策略。     

社工在地震救灾中的专业介入

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川发生里氏8.0级地震,造成了严重的生命和财产损失。面对突如其来的灾难,党和政府、全国各行各业的人们都行动起来,同舟共济,支援灾区,重建家园。作为一种助人自助的职业,社会工作在救灾工作中能发挥怎样的作用呢?灾后社工的介入路径是怎么样的?专业社工对受灾群众进行心理干预、精神抚慰、创伤恢复等工作是国际社会救灾工作的普遍做法。但又必须结合本土情境开展工作。汶川地震发生后,上海市民政局即通过视频会议,邀请上海、香港、台湾三地资深社会工作专家进行会商,讨论社会工作如何介入到地震灾区的救援和灾后重建中去,以显示内地社会工作这项新兴职业能在赈灾中贡献出自己独特的力量。     

受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析—兼论高校社会工作教育者的介入

受艾滋病影响儿童作为特殊弱势群体,其救助具有特殊性和多元性,需要社会各方面力量的参与和整合。作为一项专业的综合性服务活动,社会工作以助人自助为核心价值观,强调个别化、平等、接纳等原则。运用专业的理论、方法和技巧介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体。目的是协助其走出心理等多重困境,同时能够使其社会功能得到恢复和发展。在综观现有研究的解决对策基础上,文章尝试了高校社会工作教育者介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析,分析了其优势和特点。并对其工作载体和工作手法等提出了构想。     

受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析——兼论高校社会工作教育者的介入

受艾滋病影响儿童作为特殊弱势群体,其救助具有特殊性和多元性,需要社会各方面力量的参与和整合。作为一项专业的综合性服务活动,社会工作以助人自助为核心价值观,强调个别化、平等、接纳等原则,运用专业的理论、方法和技巧介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体,目的是协助其走出心理等多重困境,同时能够使其社会功能得到恢复和发展。在综观现有研究的解决对策基础上,文章尝试了高校社会工作教育者介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析,分析了其优势和特点,并对其工作载体和工作手法等提出了构想。     

Why We Need a Biopsychosocial Perspective with Vulnerable,Oppressed, and At-Risk Clients

This article considers why we need to take a biopsychosocial perspective in assessment and treatment of individuals. Using psychological concepts drawn from drive theory, ego psychology, object relations, attachment theory, self psychology and relational theory, the author makes explicit the need to connect these ideas with social and biological contexts. Arguing that psychodynamic theories contain the social as well as the psychological, the author traces Freud's social commitments, the role of critical race theory, the importance of social contexts in shaping development while also considering the effects of neglect, trauma and abuse on the developing brain. Holding in mind all of these positions, is what makes clinical social work truly the impossible profession.     

Social worker trauma: Building resilience in child protection social workers

Abstract

Child protection social workers can experience psychological trauma effects as a result of their work. This article considers the utility of the trauma perspective in understanding and intervening when overwhelming events impact social workers. Psychological trauma theory enhances earlier contributions of the stress and burnout literatures in the effort to increase the efficacy and well‐being of child protection staff. Resilience theories are relied upon to develop strategies for promoting optimal effectiveness of social workers who remain exposed to potentially traumatizing events.     

社会工作与自闭症儿童家长消极心态干预研究

自闭症儿童的康复是一个世界性难题。从社会工作视角来看则更加注重自闭症儿童与家庭环境和社会环境的互动。自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者是自闭症儿童社会支持系统的“桥梁”,本文正是从自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者入手来研究其对自闭症儿童康复和积极融入社会的重要意义、面临的困境和相应对策。研究发现,自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者不仅存在经济压力和专业护理知识匮乏,更重要的是其内在巨大的心理压力和社会支持系统不足。本文从社会工作实践的优势视角出发,提出了构建家庭照顾者的互助系统以克服无助悲观的心态,加快恢复家庭的社会功能,促进自闭症儿童和家庭融人日常社会。     

Psychosocial and relationship-based theories for child and family social work: political philosophy, psychology and welfare practice

Psychosocial perspectives on children’s development are allied to theories that recognize the ‘self’ as essentially a social entity. The quality of relationships that children experience in their social environment have a profound effect on their socio-emotional development, personality formation and social competence. To this extent, psychosocial theories of children’s development and wellbeing can provide child and family social workers with a powerful framework within which to analyse, assess and practise. However, it is also recognized that the character of child welfare practices and policies are influenced by prevailing political climates. A simple dichotomy is described between political philosophies of the right and left; libertarianism and communitarianism; individual freedom and collective action. It is argued that the present swing to libertarian individualism has brought about major changes in the policy and practice of much child and family social work, including a preference for theories that emphasize people’s psychological independence, rationality and personal responsibility. In such a climate, child and family social work becomes more legalistic, orientated towards principles of justice rather than welfare, and towards rights and responsibilities rather than personal relationships and social competence. Psychosocial developmental theories, with their emphasis on the importance of social relationships and the emotional interconnectedness of people in community, fare less well under the rigours of psychological individualism and free-market economics. The paper concludes that if children’s psychosocial development and competence are a product of their social history, practices that psychologically ‘disembed’ people from their relationship environment are unable to consider children’s needs within a coherent, well-grounded theoretical framework. If child and family social work is premised on helping children develop social understanding and emotional wellbeing, theory and practice are best served by taking a psychosocial perspective.     

Cocreating a Social Work Apprenticeship with Disadvantaged African American Youth: A Best-Practices After-School Curriculum

Cocreating an after-school program with disadvantaged African American youth (2006–2011) resulted in a social work apprenticeship. In a participatory action, youth-led evaluation process, youth (N = 203) prioritized positively impacting their communities, especially mentoring community children and promoting alternatives to community violence. Starting from the strengths perspective and self-determination theory, topics youth valued included human rights, peace-building, trauma and stress management, and mentoring. Knowledge about human development and interviewing helped youth experience the fulfillment of being mentors. A subsample (n = 133) described what they learned about social work, and 43% of those reported an interest in pursuing a social work career.     

Connecting through chaos: escape behaviour among sex-working adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand

Underage sex work (USW) has been shown to adversely affect adolescents’ physical and psychological wellbeing; however, little is known about the lives of sex-working adolescents or their needs for services. This study involved semi-structured interviews with eight adolescents who began sex work between the ages of 12 and 16. It was found that caregivers’ characteristics, attachment disruption and early trauma intersected with participants’ wider social environments, specifically with their peer relationships and limited access to services, to create a culture of chaos and avoidant coping. These combined factors constitute significant barriers to service access, and require considered navigation of relational and environmental barriers as well as appropriate management of psychological distress and trauma symptoms to enable effective engagement with services.     

Understanding looked‐after childhoods

The absence of a sociological discourse about children in the past meant that child and family social work has largely relied on psychological interpretations of children and their behaviour. However, since the 1990s, the sociology of childhood has been developed in the UK. The aim of this paper is to explore the relevance of the sociology of childhood in understanding looked‐after childhoods and in informing contemporary social work practice with looked‐after children and young people. The central argument of this paper is that, in order to fulfil professional responsibilities and to implement current and forthcoming UK social policies for looked‐after children, social work needs to employ broad understandings of children, young people and looked‐after childhoods. The paper goes on to discuss the ways in which a social work approach drawing on the sociology of childhood can offer such a conceptualization.     

单亲家庭社会工作介入案例分析

随着社会的发展,人们的思想观念日新月异,家庭结构多元化发展,单亲家庭数量不断攀升。由此而引发的单亲家庭问题令人担忧,尤其是单亲家庭子女的成长与心理问题不容忽视。如何正确引导和辅助单亲家庭及子女健康成长显得尤为重要。本文从社会工作专业角度出发,通过案例分析,总结和反思实务工作,以促进社工对单亲家庭的积极介入及对子女健康成长的协助。     

Constructive Social Work and Personal Construct Theory: The Case of Psychological Trauma

The complex and changing relationship between theory and practicein social work has received increasing attention in recent years.Parton (2000) has advocated a constructionist approach thatunderlines the similarity between the roles of the researcherand the practitioner. Personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955)is one member of the constructionist family that has particularimplications for social work practice. It evolved as a pragmaticapproach to psychotherapy, advocating a research supervisor/studentmodel of the practitioner/client relationship. In this article,we elaborate its application to social work practice, drawingon contemporary work in the fields of trauma and loss to illustrateits value.     

社会工作介入感觉统合失调儿童的初探

目前国内外感觉统合失调的儿童越来越多,本文梳理了儿童感觉统合失调的表现及其影响因素,分析目前干预方式的优势和局限,建议将感觉统合训练、心理干预和社会工作三者相结合,对感觉统合失调儿童进行全方位、多角度的干预。