试论统计学科体系的构造与完善

试论统计学科体系的构造与完善张宏性ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｄｉｓｃｕｓｅｓｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｃｏｎｎｏｔａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｕｒｅｎｔｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｉｎ...     

论统计指标的构造过程

论统计指标的构造过程苏为华ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓｉｓａｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｌｏｇｉｃｔｈｉｎｄ－ｉｎｇｔｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆ...     

当代经济计量学中的协整理论

当代经济计量学中的协整理论赵文奇ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｍａｋｅｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ,ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｍｅａｎｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏ－ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｏｒｙｉｎｍｏｄｅｒｎｅｃ...     

我国农产品波动分析

我国农产品波动分析罗建国ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｙｓｔａｔｅｓｔｈｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ,ｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｓｉｔｓ...     

养老保险统筹费率的统计研究

养老保险统筹费率的统计研究林毓铭ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＦｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｔａｎｄｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｆｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ｔｈｅｐａｐｅｒｄｏｅｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｔｈａｔａｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｏｖｅｒａｌｃｏｓｔｒａｔ...     

国民经济核算中的保险——兼论保险的分配作用

国民经济核算中的保险——兼论保险的分配作用赵侯泉刘志荣ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＡｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｗｅｒｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅｆｏｒｍ,ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎ...     

突变统计学刍议

突变统计学刍议彭国富史造月谢英欣ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＩｔｉｓｏｆｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｔｏｓｅｔｕｐＭｕｔａｉｏｎＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓｆｏｒｗｉｄｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｅａｓｏｆＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ，ｅｎｒｉｃｈ...     

建立全国房地产开发业发展综合指数的初步研究

建立全国房地产开发业发展综合指数的初步研究贾海ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｔｒｉｅｓｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔａｓｅｔｏｆｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｉｎｄｅｘｏｆｒｅａｌｅｓｔａｔｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ...     

关于技术进步与经济增长关系的若干思考

关于技术进步与经济增长关系的若干思考白雪梅赵松山ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｗｏｉｓｓｕｅｓｗｅｒｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｏｎｅｉｓｈｏｗｔｏｍｅａｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｔｏｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍ...     

国有企业改革：扎牢篱笆打稳桩

国有企业改革：扎牢篱笆打稳桩李游群ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＩｔ＇ｓｍｏｒｅｄｉｆｃｕｌｔｔｏｒｕｎＳｔａｔｅ－ｏｗｎｅｄｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓｗｈｉｃｈｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｄｅａｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｅｌｆ＇ｓｄｅｆ...     

中国金融资金流量矩阵表延长模型研究

金融资金流量矩阵表具有重要应用价值,然而我国资金流量表只采用账户表式,而且数据滞后严重,使其应用价值难以实现。本文在对资金流量矩阵表表式结构、账户分类和平衡关系进行深入理解的基础上,将计量经济模型中的多元回归模型、时间序列模型、状态空间模型及RAS模型有效地组合在一起,设计了一套延长金融资金流量矩阵表的组合模型,然后应用该模型将我国金融资金流量矩阵表从2009年延长至2012年。经后验法检验,数据质量达到了一个较为理想的状态。这套模型可以作为官方统计机构或民间研究机构延长资金流量表数据的通用方法使用。     

Comparing Greenbook and Reduced Form Forecasts Using a Large Realtime Dataset

Many recent articles have found that atheoretical forecasting methods using many predictors give better predictions for key macroeconomic variables than various small-model methods. The practical relevance of these results is open to question, however, because these articles generally use ex post revised data not available to forecasters and because no comparison is made to best actual practice. We provide some evidence on both of these points using a new large dataset of vintage data synchronized with the Fed’s Greenbook forecast. This dataset consist of a large number of variables as observed at the time of each Greenbook forecast since 1979. We compare realtime, large dataset predictions to both simple univariate methods and to the Greenbook forecast. For inflation we find that univariate methods are dominated by the best atheoretical large dataset methods and that these, in turn, are dominated by Greenbook. For GDP growth, in contrast, we find that once one takes account of Greenbook’s advantage in evaluating the current state of the economy, neither large dataset methods, nor the Greenbook process offers much advantage over a univariate autoregressive forecast.     

Tests for an end-of-sample bubble in financial time series

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we examine the issue of detecting explosive behavior in economic and financial time series when an explosive episode is both ongoing at the end of the sample and of finite length. We propose a testing strategy based on a subsampling method in which a suitable test statistic is calculated on a finite number of end-of-sample observations, with a critical value obtained using subsample test statistics calculated on the remaining observations. This approach also has the practical advantage that, by virtue of how the critical values are obtained, it can deliver tests which are robust to, among other things, conditional heteroskedasticity and serial correlation in the driving shocks. We also explore modifications of the raw statistics to account for unconditional heteroskedasticity using studentization and a White-type correction. We evaluate the finite sample size and power properties of our proposed procedures and find that they offer promising levels of power, suggesting the possibility for earlier detection of end-of-sample bubble episodes compared to existing procedures.     

Modified Simes’ critical values under positive dependence

A modification of the critical values of Simes’ test is suggested in this article when the underlying test statistics are multivariate normal with a common non-negative correlation, yielding a more powerful test than the original Simes’ test. A step-up multiple testing procedure with these modified critical values, which is shown to control false discovery rate (FDR), is presented as a modification of the traditional Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure. Simulations were carried out to compare this modified BH procedure with the BH and other modified BH procedures in terms of false non-discovery rate (FNR), 1–FDR–FNR and average power. The present modified BH procedure is observed to perform well compared to others when the test statistics are highly correlated and most of the hypotheses are true.     

Accurately sized test statistics with misspecified conditional homoskedasticity

We study the finite-sample performance of test statistics in linear regression models where the error dependence is of unknown form. With an unknown dependence structure, there is traditionally a trade-off between the maximum lag over which the correlation is estimated (the bandwidth) and the amount of heterogeneity in the process. When allowing for heterogeneity, through conditional heteroskedasticity, the correlation at far lags is generally omitted and the resultant inflation of the empirical size of test statistics has long been recognized. To allow for correlation at far lags, we study the test statistics constructed under the possibly misspecified assumption of conditional homoskedasticity. To improve the accuracy of the test statistics, we employ the second-order asymptotic refinement in Rothenberg [Approximate power functions for some robust tests of regression coefficients, Econometrica 56 (1988), pp. 997–1019] to determine the critical values. The simulation results of this paper suggest that when sample sizes are small, modelling the heterogeneity of a process is secondary to accounting for dependence. We find that a conditionally homoskedastic covariance matrix estimator (when used in conjunction with Rothenberg's second-order critical value adjustment) improves test size with only a minimal loss in test power, even when the data manifest significant amounts of heteroskedasticity. In some specifications, the size inflation was cut by nearly 40% over the traditional heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) test. Finally, we note that the proposed test statistics do not require that the researcher specify the bandwidth or the kernel.     

Divergence-based tests of homogeneity for spatial data

The problem of testing homogeneity in contingency tables when the data are spatially correlated is considered. We derive statistics defined as divergences between unrestricted and restricted estimated joint cell probabilities and we show that they are asymptotically distributed as linear combinations of chi-square random variables under the null hypothesis of homogeneity. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are carried out to investigate the behavior of the new divergence test statistics and to make comparisons with the statistics that do not take into account the spatial correlation. We show that some of the introduced divergence test statistics have a significantly better behavior than the classical chi-square test for the problem under consideration when we compare them on the basis of the simulated sizes and powers.     

协整参数的自举推断

 针对完全修正最小二乘(full-modified ordinary least square,简称FMOLS）估计方法,给出一种协整参数的自举推断程序,证明零假设下自举统计量与检验统计量具有相同的渐近分布。关于检验功效的研究表明,虽然有约束自举的实际检验水平表现良好,但如果零假设不成立,自举统计量的分布是不确定的,因而其经验分布不能作为检验统计量精确分布的有效估计。实际应用中建议使用无约束自举,因为无论观测数据是否满足零假设,其自举统计量与零假设下检验统计量都具有相同的渐近分布。最后,利用蒙特卡洛模拟对自举推断和渐近推断的有限样本表现进行比较研究。     

美国统计教育研究热点探析

本文对美国《统计教育杂志》（Journal of Statistics Education）近十年（2000-2009）发表的学术论文进行了统计分析。结果表明,近十年来美国统计教育研究在＂统计教育理论探索＂、＂新手段在统计教育中的应用＂、＂统计在实际生活中的应用＂三大领域发表论文相对较多,占全部论文的81.9%。本文对此三大热点问题进行了归类和分析,旨在把握美国统计教育研究的热点和趋势,使其对我国的统计教育研究具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

动态面板空间随机前沿模型的参数估计及应用

生产效率一般会受到空间相关性和时间滞后效应的影响，不易准确测算。本文考虑时空双重滞后特征，提出一种动态面板数据空间随机前沿模型，针对模型的内生性问题，借鉴已有的估计方法，本文提出一种广义矩估计方法（Generalized Method of Moments，GMM），并证明了参数估计的一致性。在应用分析中，利用本文所提出的理论模型实证分析了我国战略性新兴产业发展的效率，该理论模型能够客观、科学地测算技术效率，实证结论验证了理论模型的应用效果。