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1.
Analyzing data from a probability sample representative of secondary school students in Singapore (N = 1,599), this study examined the independent impact between the quality of mother–child relationship, the quality of father–child relationship and family conflict on the frequency of drinking and drunkenness, and whether each dyadic parent–child relationship quality and family conflict moderate the effect of direct peer pressure on the frequency of drinking and drunkenness among Singaporean adolescents. A series of ordered logit analyses revealed the following results: The quality of father–child relationship had no main effect on either drinking behavior, yet had a moderating effect on the association between direct peer pressure and drunkenness, with the stronger effect of direct peer pressure for adolescents on good terms with their fathers than for those on poor terms with their fathers. Family conflict had a main effect on drunkenness and a moderating effect on the association between direct peer pressure and the frequency of drinking, with the stronger effect of direct peer pressure on the frequency of drinking for adolescents experiencing high family conflict than those experiencing low family conflict. The importance of the father–child relationship quality and family conflict for adolescents’ well-being in Singapore as an Asian context was discussed. 相似文献
2.
Four specific schemas of cognitive structures that adolescents may hold concerning interpersonal disagreements with their
parents were identified, each reflecting an authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or a neglecting parenting style. To examine
the occurrence of such schemas across high and low levels of psychosocial adjustment, 120 Swedish adolescents (50 boys, 70
girls) (mean age = 14.76 years) indicated how their parents usually approach six potential situations involving parent–adolescent
conflict. Findings show that the authoritative conflict schema (compliance as a result of mutual respect) occurred more often
among well-adjusted adolescents, whereas authoritarian and indulgent conflict schemas were particularly associated with low
levels of psychosocial adjustment. The concept of conflict schemas may contribute to the understanding of how various parenting
styles are linked to certain developmental outcomes for the adolescent. 相似文献
3.
Peter Man 《Social indicators research》1991,24(4):347-365
This investigation attempts to measure the relative influence of peer and parental influence on the perceived life satisfaction of two groups of secondary students in Hong Kong. Data on 1906 students from 30 schools were collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were asked to rate their level of satisfaction on 26 different domains of life on a seven-point scale, ranging from very satisfied to very dissatisfied, as well as their satisfaction with life in general. These 26 items were combined to form six summary indices of life satisfaction: school life, family life, acceptance by others, government, media, and living environment. Two independent variables were used in the analysis of life satisfaction: peer orientation, and parent orientation. Both are composite indices and measure the adolescent's attachment to and identification with his peers or parents. It was found that parent orientation is a better predictor of life satisfaction than peer orientation. Adolescents who are high on parent orientation are more satisfied with every domain of life. They are also more satisfied with life in general. The relationship between peer orientation and life satisfaction is not a clear-cut one. Adolescents with strong peer orientation are more satisfied with school, media, government, and acceptance by others, but are less satisfied with family. There is no significant relationship between peer orientation and environment. The younger adolescents in our sample tend to perceive a higher level of satisfaction than the older adolescents in every domain of life as well as life in general. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated the characteristics of adolescents reporting very high levels of life satisfaction. Participants (N = 410) were divided into three life satisfaction groups: very high (top 10%), average (middle 25%), and very low (lowest
10%). Results revealed that very happy youths had significantly higher mean scores on all included school, interpersonal,
and intrapersonal variables, and significantly lower mean scores on depression, negative affect, and social stress than youths
with average and very low levels of life satisfaction. Life meaning, gratitude, self-esteem, and positive affect were found
to have a significantly more positive influence on global life satisfaction for the very unhappy than the very happy. Findings
suggest that very unhappy youths would benefit most from focused interventions aimed at boosting those variables having the
most influence on their level of life satisfaction. Results are discussed in light of previous findings and suggestions for
future directions are briefly discussed. 相似文献
5.
Ching Man Lam 《Social indicators research》2011,100(3):451-462
With the recognition of the crucial role of family and with the belief that parents have the greatest influence on a child’s
life, family and parent education has been widely practiced in Hong Kong and many other countries as measure for poverty alleviation.
A study, employed quantitative method of a cross-sectional parent survey (N = 10,386) was conducted to comprehend needs and parenting practice of poor families, and to identify appropriate strategies
to promote family and parent education in Hong Kong. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between family
variables, psychological stress and parenting behavior. The study identified five categories of disadvantaged families and
salient factors that distinguished families from the normal population based on the findings of discriminant analysis. Moreover,
data indicates that family relationship and social networks are protective factors to economically disadvantaged families,
whereas sense of powerlessness amplifies the negative effects of low income. Base on the findings, the paper suggests that
strategies for poverty alleviation that focus purely on parenting or parent education are fragmented and fail to address the
complexity of poverty as a social issue. A holistic perspective that goes beyond the scope of parent education to support
families, adopting a family perspective in poverty-alleviation work and service provision, and addressing barriers constrain
parenting are the future service directions. 相似文献
6.
This study examines the effects of individual characteristics (school grade and gender), peer relationships (peer support
and peer victimization), and the subjective well-being of teachers (depression and job satisfaction) on students’ attachment
to school. Twenty-four classes in grades 7 through 9 at two middle schools in Taipei were selected as the sample, and survey
data were obtained from students and homeroom teachers. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to conduct a two-level analysis
on 720 students and 24 teachers with valid data on all research variables. A series of models were constructed and tested
stepwise. The results indicated that students’ average school attachment scores varied significantly among classes. A higher
school grade was associated with reduced attachment while no gender difference was found. Peer support had a positive influence
and peer victimization had a negative effect on school attachment. Finally, job satisfaction of the homeroom teachers positively
contributed to students’ attachment to school, but teachers’ depression had no significant effect. Implications for creating
a positive classroom environment were discussed. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a study of the relationship between the psychological well-being of Spanish adolescents from 12 to 16 years
old and the values they aspire to for the future (N = 1,618). Adolescents’ well-being is explored through (a) their satisfaction with 19 specific life domains, (b) the Personal
Well-Being Index (Cummins, Social Indicators Research, 43, 307−334, 1998) and (c) an item on overall satisfaction with life. The values they aspire to are explored by means of a list
of 23 personal qualities or values. Satisfaction domains and values aspired to have been grouped into dimensions using principal
component analysis (PCA). Boys scored significantly higher on the materialistic values dimension and the capacities and knowledge
related values dimension, while girls scored higher on the interpersonal relationship related values dimension. The youngest
adolescents scored higher on materialistic values, while the oldest scored higher on interpersonal relationships related values.
Such results are similar to those obtained in a previous study, using a shorter version of the lists of satisfaction domains
and of values aspired to and a sample of 8,995 adolescents and 4,381 of their parents from five different countries. In both
studies results suggest that values aspired to can be considered a well-being related construct. However, an important change
appears in the latest Spanish sample: Family values no longer fit with the interpersonal relationships related values dimension
in the PCA, and now function as a separate value dimension which shows no correlation with overall life satisfaction, the
PWI, or life satisfaction domains with the exception of family satisfaction. Interestingly, family values have also changed
their loading dimension in the PCA developed with the answers from a sample of parents about the values they aspire to for
their own child’s future (N = 723). Parents’ responses were compared with those of their own child, with concordances observed in about half of the families,
low discrepancies in about one third and high or very high discrepancies in about 20%. Although the results of this study
have their limitations, they suggest support for the hypothesis that important changes in values aspired to may be taking
place over a short period of time, consistent with the findings of changes in values in several countries (Inglehart, Modernization and postmodernization. Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), but apparently with no outstanding impact on adolescents’ well-being. 相似文献
8.
Lili Tian Benrong Liu Siyuan Huang E. Scott Huebner 《Social indicators research》2013,113(3):991-1008
This study examined the mediational role of self-esteem in accounting for the empirical link between perceived social support (parents, friends, and teachers) and school well-being (school satisfaction, positive affect in school, and negative affect in school). Participants were from China and were 221 early adolescents (Mage = 13.6) and 140 middle adolescents (Mage = 16.4). Among early adolescents, parent and teacher support, but not friend support, related significantly to positive school well-being. Among middle adolescents, friend and teacher support, but not parent support, significantly related to school well-being. For both early and middle adolescents, global self-esteem mediated relations between teacher support and school well-being. For early adolescents, global self-esteem mediated relations between parent support and school well-being; whereas for middle adolescents, global self-esteem mediated relations between friend support and school well-being. The findings supported socialcognitive models of well-being in Chinese context. Implications are discussed in the context of developmental and cultural considerations. 相似文献
9.
There is ongoing discussion in the scientific literature about the need for a more theoretical foundation to underpin quality
of life (QoL) measurement. This paper applied Keyes et al.’s [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82 (2002) 1007] model of well-being as a framework to assess whether respondents (n = 136 students) focus on elements of subjective well-being (SWB), such as satisfaction and happiness, or on elements of psychological
well-being (PWB), such as meaning and personal growth, when making individual QoL (IQoL) judgments using the Schedue of the
Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL). The Keyes et al.’s model was confirmed and explained 41% of the variance
in SEIQoL scores. Both SWB and PWB were correlated with the SEIQoL Index Score and SWB was found to be an important mediating
variable in the relationship between PWB and SEIQoL. When analyzing different well-being combinations, respondents with high
SWB/high PWB had significantly higher SEIQoL scores than did those with low SWB/low PWB. Respondents with high PWB/high SWB
had higher SEIQoL scores than did those with high PWB/low SWB. Longitudinal studies in different patient groups are needed
to explore the dynamic relationship between IQoL and well-being. Further investigation of the relationship between PWB and
SWB with other instruments purporting to measure QoL would contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying nature
of QoL. 相似文献
10.
《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2015,28(3):252-258
ProblemParental stress in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been reported, however identifying modifiable stress factors and looking for demographic parent factors related to stress has not been well researched.AimThis study aims to identify the most stressful elements for parents in the neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsParents of babies in an Australian neonatal intensive care unit (N = 73) completed both the Parent Stress Scale – Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and a survey of parent and baby demographic and support experience variables (Parent Survey) over an 18-month period.FindingsOlder parental age, very premature birth and twin birth were significantly associated with a higher Parent Stress Scale – Neonatal Intensive Care Unit score. Having a high score in the Relationship and Parental Role scale was strongly associated with attendance at the parent support group.ConclusionThese results indicate the variables associated with stress and this knowledge can be used by teams within hospitals to provide better supportive emotional care for parents. 相似文献
11.
Ying-Keung Kwan 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):59-67
Relationships between family structure and perceived life satisfaction in overall life and five domains of the Brief Multidimensional
Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale, family life, friendships, school experience, myself, and where I live were examined among
4,502 Chinese adolescent secondary school students in Hong Kong. Bivariate analyses showed that economic status was not a
significant risk factor, but gender, level of study, and migrant status had to be controlled to examine the life satisfaction-family
structure relations. Logistic regression analyses found that in overall life, with adolescents living with two parents as
standard for comparisons, adolescents living with mother had similar life satisfaction, but those living with father only,
and those with no parents, or single parent with other adults had very much higher risk of life dissatisfaction. Specifically,
the risks associated with the adverse family structures were most excessive in the domain of ‘family life’. 相似文献
12.
Pegah Mehran Masumeh Simbar Jamal Shams Fahimeh Ramezani-Tehrani Navideh Nasiri 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2013,26(3):185-189
BackgroundMaternal–fetal attachment (MFA) is an important requirement for optimal maternal–infant adaptation. Current studies showed conflicting findings about whether a history of perinatal loss (fetal/neonatal death) affects maternal attachment in pregnancy.Research question“Does a history of perinatal loss affect maternal–fetal attachment behaviors?”MethodsOne hundred women with and without a history of PL were recruited using a convenience method of sampling, from prenatal care services affiliated to Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences. Data collected by questionnaires from a convenience sample of multiparous women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy with no surviving children were compared with data from a selected cohort of primigravid women. The two groups of women were matched for health and literacy. The data collected included demographic characteristics and responses to 24 questions in five groups of behaviors on the Persian version of Cranly's Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 and using t, ANOVA, Chi square, Pearson correlation and Mann–Whitney tests.FindingsFinding showed that total score of MFA for women with a history of PL (68.95 ± 9.20%) is not significantly different from this score for women without such a history (71.22 ± 11.75%; p < 0.05). Women with a history of PL had a significantly lower score for a subgroup of behaviors “differentiation of self from fetus” compared to women without of a history of PL (78.25 vs. 83.21%; p < 0.05). But, there were no statistically significant differences between two groups respecting to other subgroups of behaviors between two groups.ConclusionIn this study, a history of pregnancy loss was found to be associated with disturbances in the group of maternal–fetal attachment behaviors related to “differentiation of self from fetus” in a subsequent pregnancy. 相似文献
13.
《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2015,28(2):154-159
BackgroundTraditional and gestational surrogate mothers assist infertile couples by carrying their children. In 2005, a meta-analysis on surrogacy was conducted but no study had examined empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers. Assessments of surrogate mothers show no sign of psychopathology, but one study showed differences on several MMPI-2 scales compared to a normative sample: surrogate mothers identified with stereotypically masculine traits such as assertiveness and competition. They had a higher self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety and depression.Research objectiveTo determine if there is a difference in empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers compared to a comparison group of mothers.MethodsThree groups of European traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 10), Anglo-Saxon traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 34) and a European normative sample of mothers (n = 32) completed four published psychometric instruments: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy index), the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale and the MC20, a social desirability scale. Pregnant surrogate mothers filled the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (n = 11). Statistical non-parametric analyses of variance were conducted.FindingsDepending on cultural background, surrogate mothers present differences in terms of empathy, anxiety and depression, social desirability and quality of attachment to the foetus compared to a normative sample.ConclusionsEnvironment plays a role for traditional and gestational surrogacy. Surrogate mothers of both groups are less anxious and depressed than normative samples. Maternal–foetal attachment is strong with a slightly lower quality of attachment. Surrogate mother's empathy indexes are similar to normative samples, sometimes higher. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the Thai-version of WHOQOL-BREF in assessing the quality of life
(QoL) among Thai college students. The psychometric properties of WHOQOL-BREF were assessed in this study. The self-administered
WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied. A total of 407 Thai college students (male age = 20.5 ± 1.2; female age = 20.5 ± 1.2)
participated in this study. Item-response distributions, internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, criterion-related
validity and construct validity through confirmatory analysis were analyzed. The findings indicate that the WHOQOL-BREF had
acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.73–0.83 across four domains), all items highly correlated with corresponding domain
scores (r = 0.53–0.80), the indices of a two-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrate that the data fit the model well
with allowing covary of error variances of some items, all items had good property of criterion-related validity and item
discrimination and, all three domain scores except the social relationship domain had significant associations with overall
QoL or general health. The results suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF was reliable and valid to health professionals in the assessment
of the QoL of college-based Thai youth, but some unsuitable items may be deleted in future studies. 相似文献
15.
We document the incidence and evolution of family complexity from the perspective of children. Following a cohort of firstborn
children whose mothers were not married at the time of their birth, we consider family structure changes over the first 10 years
of the child’s life—considering both full and half-siblings who are coresidential or who live in another household. We rely
on detailed longitudinal administrative data from Wisconsin that include information on the timing of subsequent births to
the mother and father, and detailed information on earnings, child support, and welfare. We find that 60% of firstborn children
of unmarried mothers have at least one half-sibling by age 10. Our results highlight the importance of having fertility information
for both fathers and mothers: estimates of the proportion of children with half-siblings would be qualitatively lower if we
had fertility information on only one parent. Complex family structures are more likely for children of parents who are younger
or who have low earnings and for those in larger urban areas. Children who have half-siblings on their mother’s side are also
more likely to have half-siblings on their father’s side, and vice versa, contributing to very complex family structures—and
potential child support arrangements—for some children. 相似文献
16.
The Well-Being of 12 - to 16-Year-Old Adolescents and their Parents: Results from 1999 to 2003 Spanish Samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ferran Casas Cristina Figuer Mònica González Sara Malo Carles Alsinet Sandra Subarroca 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):87-115
This study adopts satisfaction with life as a whole and satisfaction with specific life domains as indicators to analyse the
relationships between the well-being of 12 to 16-year-old adolescents and some related constructs such as self-esteem, perceived
control and perceived social support. Well-being indicators from a 2003 Spanish sample using an 11-point scale (N = 1,634) are compared with an equivalent 1999 Spanish sample using a 5-point scale (N = 1,618). The different results obtained from the 2003 sample with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using a shorter and
a longer list of life domains are also discussed. A sub-sample of the adolescents’ results from the 2003 sample are compared
with their parents’ answers, using the same well-being indicators. Using a list of 8 life domains, and despite the change
of scale used, overall results show no relevant changes in adolescents’ satisfaction with life domains between 1999 and 2003
in Spain and are in agreement with normative data expected from western societies [Cummins: 1998, Social Indicators Research
43, pp. 307–334; Cummins et al.: 2001, Australian Unity Well-being Index (Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University,
Melbourne)]. Adolescents’ overall life satisfaction has been shown to correlate consistently with the other well-being related
constructs. However, it clearly decreases with age over the period studied. The results also show that increasing the list
of life domains has a major impact on the structure of the results obtained. When we compare results from parents with those
from their own child, outstanding differences in well-being appear between generations: few domain satisfaction dimensions
show significant correlation between parents and children and more than 20% of the population studied shows high discrepancies
in the answers in four domains. 相似文献
17.
This study examines adolescent depressive symptoms and the quantity and quality of time spent by adolescents with their parents
and siblings. We use measures of the quality of relationships with parents and siblings as proxy indicators for the quality
of time spent with these social partners. The study emphasizes the salience of parent relationships to adolescent depression.
The structural equation models suggest that time spent with parents is indirectly linked with the severity of depressive symptoms
via adolescents’ perceptions of how accepting their parents are of them, and the extent to which parents avoid exerting psychological
control. We discuss these findings in relation to clinical practice. 相似文献
18.
Alison Woodcock Laura Camfield J. Allister McGregor Faith Martin 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):135-171
The aim of this study was to validate an individualised measure of quality of life (WeDQoL-Goals-Thailand). Three hundred
and sixty-nine Thai people completed the WeDQoL by interview. Respondents rated (0–2) the perceived necessity for wellbeing
of 51 goals (goal necessity), then rated (0–3) their satisfaction with the same goals (goal satisfaction). Weighted goal attainment
(possible range 0–6) was computed (necessity x satisfaction). Psychometric validation used frequency distributions, Principal
Components Analysis (PCA), and Cronbach’s alpha. Analysis of variance, t-tests, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation and multiple regression explored socio-demographic, geographic and economic differences. Respondents
were aged 15–89 (mean 45.7, SD 18.0); 169 men, 200 women. For weighted goal attainment scores, PCA found a 44-item scale (α = 0.91) and three subscales (community/social/health, α = 0.90; house and home, α = 0.80; nuclear family, α = 0.81). Thai Individualised Goal Attainment (TIGA) scale and the three subscales were computed as the mean of contributing weighted goal attainment scores, after excluding
goals considered ‘not necessary’ to each individual. Unweighted and individualised scores differed significantly with socio-demographic,
geographic and economic indicators. In multiple regression, both Thai Unweighted Goal Satisfaction (TUGS) and TIGA scale scores were predicted by being married, living in the South and in a non-urban location. TIGA scores were also predicted by being over 25 years old. WeDQoL-Goals-Thailand has excellent psychometric properties. Individualised
scores reflect each person’s perspective on wellbeing and are sensitive to subgroup differences. However, unweighted satisfaction
scores give a broadly similar picture and involve less complex computation. 相似文献
19.
This study introduced a formative model to investigate the utility of importance weighting on satisfaction scores with partial
least squares analysis. Based on the bottom-up theory of satisfaction evaluations, the measurement structure for weighted/unweighted
domain satisfaction scores was modeled as a formative model, whereas the measurement structure for global satisfaction scores
was modeled as a reflective model according to top-down theory. The purpose was to see if the predictive effect of importance-weighted
domain satisfaction scores is stronger than unweighted domain satisfaction scores in predicting global satisfaction scores.
Three datasets in life, self, and job satisfaction were analyzed. In the life satisfaction dataset, 237 undergraduates at
Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology voluntarily provided their responses. The mean age of respondents was
20.80 years (SD = 1.05). In the self-satisfaction dataset, 269 undergraduates at National Taiwan University provided their
responses. The mean age of respondents was 19.78 years (SD = 1.44). Finally, in the job satisfaction dataset, 557 staff members
in seven Taiwan provincial hospitals provided their responses. The mean age of respondents was 35.87 years (range from 21
to 65, SD = 8.60). Three measures of domain satisfaction, domain importance, and global satisfaction were collected in each
dataset. Partial least squares analysis was used in model estimation. All the results revealed that unweighted domain satisfaction
scores have a stronger predictive effect for global satisfaction measures than importance-weighted domain satisfaction scores,
indicating that importance weighting on satisfaction scores did not have an empirical benefit. 相似文献
20.
This study investigated associations between coming out to parents, experiences of parental support, and self-reported health behaviors and conditions among a population-based sample of LGB individuals using data collected via the 2002 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS; N = 177). We explored the following two hypotheses: 1) Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals who had never disclosed their sexual orientation to a parent would report higher levels of risk behaviors and poorer health conditions than those who had come out; and 2) among LGB respondents who had come out to their parents, the individuals whose parents had reacted unsupportively would report higher levels of risk behaviors and poorer health conditions than those who had come out to parents who were supportive. Approximately two thirds of gay and bisexual (GB) males and lesbian and bisexual (LB) females reported receiving adequate social and emotional support from the parent to whom they first disclosed their sexual orientation. Among LB females, no disclosure of sexual orientation to a parent was associated with significantly elevated levels of past-month illicit drug use (AOR 12.16, 95% CI 2.87-51.54), fair or poor self-reported health status (AOR 5.71, 95% CI 1.45-22.51), and >15 days of depression in the past month (AOR 5.95, 95% CI 1.78-19.90), controlling for potential confounders. However, nondisclosure to a parent by GB males was not associated with greater odds of any of the health indicators assessed. Among GB males, those with unsupportive parents were significantly more likely to report current binge drinking (AOR 6.94, 95% CI 1.70-28.35) and >15 days depression in the past month (AOR 6.08, 95% CI 1.15-32.15), and among LB females, those with unsupportive parents were significantly more likely to report lifetime illicit drug use (AOR 11.43, 95% CI 2.50-52.30), and >15 days depression in the past month (AOR 5.51, 95% CI 1.36-22.36). We conclude that coming out may be associated with better health for LB women, and that parents who react nonsupportively when their children disclose LGB sexual orientation may contribute to children's increased odds of depression and hazardous substance use. 相似文献