Xhosa Oral Poetry: Aspects of a Black South African Tradition by Jeff Opland. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1985. Pp. xii & 303. Bibliography,Index. (Price: pb R9.95).

Voices Made Night by Mia Couto. London: Heinemann, 1990.

Bones by Chenjerai Hove. London: Heinemann, 1990.

The Theory of African Literature by Chidi Amuta. London: Zed, 1989.

Spring is Rebellious. Edited by I. de Kok and K. Press. Cape Town: Buchu Books.

The Shaping of South African Society 1652–1840 edited by R. Elphick and H. Giliomee. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman, 1989.

Creating Order: The Image of the Homestead in Mpondo Social Life by Heinz Kuckertz, Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1989.

The Angry Divide: Social and Economic History of the Western Cape edited by Wilmot James and Mary Simons. Cape Town and Johannesburg: David Philip, 1989.

Modernizing Super‐Exploitation. Restructuring South African Agriculture by Tessa Marcus. London: Zed Books, 1989.

Chains of Thought by Wally Morrow. Johannesburg: Southern Books: 1989.

SA Review 5 edited by Glen Moss and Ingrid Obery. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1989.

A People's Voice: Black South African Writing in the Twentieth Century by Piniel Viriri Shava. London: Zed Press, 1989.

SOUTH AFRICA: An Annotated Bibliography with Analytical Introductions by Newell M. Stultz. Ann Arbor: The Pierian Press, 1989.

Asking for trouble: the autobiography of a banned journalist (London: Penguin, 1987) and Biko (London: Penguin, 1987) by Donald Woods.     

Notes of a serf woman by M. E. Vasilieva

Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation. Series 1, Volume II, The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South. Edited by IRA BERLIN. STEVEN F. MILLER, JOSEPH P. REIDY and LESLIE S. ROWLAND. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1993. xxxvii, 776pp. £60.00 and $79.95. ISBN 0–521–41742–2.

Strained Sisterhood: Gender and Class in the Boston Female Anti‐Slavery Society. DEBRA GOLD HANSEN. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. 1993. ix, 231pp. £28.50. ISBN 0–87023–848–5

John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. JOHN NIVEN. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press. 1988. xvi, 367 pp. $12.95 (paperback). ISBN 0–8071–1858–3.

Thackeray and Slavery. DEBORAH A. THOMAS. Athens: Ohio University Press. 1993. xvii, 245pp. £44. ISBN 0–8214–1038–5.

Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. Edited by MARTIN A. KLEIN. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993. xiv, 220 pp. $40 and $14.95. ISBN 0–299–13750–3 and 0–299–13754–6.

Islanders in the Stream. A History of the Bahamian People. Volume One. From Aboriginal Times to the End of Slavery. MICHEAL CRATON AND GAIL SAUNDERS. Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press. 1992. xxiii, 455 pp. $60. ISBN 0–8203–1382–3.

Victor Schoelcher et l'abolition de l'esclavage, NELLY SCHMINDT. Paris: Fayard, 1994. 440 pp. 150FF. ISBN 2–213–03058–8.     

A.I. Solzhenitsyn Selected Bibliography December 1962 - October 1970

Critics have noted similarities between Nikolai Gogol'’s three early horror stories (Vecher nakanune Ivana Kupala [St. John’s Eve], Strashnaia mest' [A Terrible Vengeance] Vii) and the works of his famous German predecessor Ludwig Tieck. There also exists some speculation concerning the relationship between his Ukrainian tales and the works of E.T.A. Hoffmann. However, a detailed comparison between the two authors focused only on Gogol'’s “St. Petersburg” stories. His early tales have been ignored because they were presumed to depend mostly on folklore. This article argues that there are intertextual connections between Gogol'’s St. John’s Eve and A Terrible Vengeance, and Hoffmann’s Der Sandmann [The Sandman] and Ignaz Denner. The paper contends that Gogol' was recapitulating, consciously or unconsciously, Hoffmann’s oeuvre in his works both in terms of plot detail and on a deeper psychological level.     

Carbon sequestration by Quercus ilex L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. and their contribution to decreasing air temperature in Rome

Carbon sequestration capability by Quercus ilex L and Quercus pubescens Willd., widely distributed in the city of Rome, and their contribution to decreasing air temperature were investigated. Crown volume is the most significant (p < 0.01) variable explaining variation of air temperature below the tree crown. Q. pubescens gives a higher contribution to decreasing air temperature during the hottest months, due to its inherent larger crown volume than Q. ilex (252 ± 19 and 533 ± 52 m³, respectively for the large size). Moreover, our results show the existence of a strong urban carbon dioxide dome with a peak CO₂ concentration (on an average 432 ± 37 ppm) at polluted sites, 16% greater than at control sites. Total carbon sequestration is 84 ± 12 and 111 ± 9 Kg year⁻¹ of CO₂ for the small Q. ilex and Q. pubescens tree size, respectively, and 151 ± 10 and 185 ± 7 Kg year⁻¹ of CO₂ for the large Q. ilex and Q. pubescen tree size, respectively. Q. pubescens, by its higher total photosynthetic leaf surface area (39% higher than Q. ilex) and its higher mean yearly photosynthetic rates (48% higher than Q. ilex) seems to have a greater role than Q. ilex. However, taking into account the leaf longevity (i.e. 12 ± 3 months for Q. ilex and 4 ± 2 months for Q. pubescens), the evergreen species, by its continuous photosynthetic activity, contributes to reduce CO₂ throughout the year, and in particular during the winter months, when traffic volume has a pick, than Q. pubescens.     

TRADE,GEOGRAPHY AND THE SKILL PREMIUM IN U.S. MANUFACTURING

A number of studies have suggested that countries (or regions) with access to larger markets have higher wages. In this paper, we examine whether access to larger markets affects skilled and unskilled workers differently. We develop a model relating two key measures of market size, market and supplier access, to industry value added prices. We then estimate the effects of growth in these measures on factor returns in U.S. manufacturing industries between 1984 and 1996. We find that growth in these measures can explain around 5% of the rise in the skill premium over the sample period. (JEL F12, F16, L60)     

Racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception among U.S. college students

Objective: To examine racial/ethnic differences in weight perception by sex among U.S. college students. Participants: a national sample (N = 70,267) of college students selected from 2- and 4-year postsecondary institutions (N = 62) during the Fall semester from 2011 to 2014. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using 4 years of American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment IIb data. Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception. Results: Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black men and women were more likely to underestimate their body weight (p < .01). Asian men and women were more likely to overestimate their body weight than non-Hispanic whites (p < .001). Conclusions: Weight-related interventions should take into account racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception.     

A Review of: “Crossing Sexual Boundaries: Transgender Journeys,Uncharted Paths. Edited by J. Ari Kane-DeMaios & Vern L. Bullough.”

THE SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION OF CHILDREN. Mary de Young. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &; Company, 1982; 179 pages; $18.95.

“FEMININITY,” “MASCULINITY,” AND “ANDROGYNY” A Modern Philosophical Discussion. Mary Vetterling‐Braggin (Ed.). Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, &; Co., 1982; 326 pages; $8.95.

IMPOTENCE: Physiological, Psychological, Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment. Gorm Wagner and Richard Green. New York: Plenum Press, 1981; 182 pages; $24.50.

Bullough, V. L. Age at Menarche: A Misunderstanding. Science 1981, 213, 365–366.     

Breaking the Walls. The Representation of Domestic Space in Hungarian Panel-Films

The paper investigates how socialist architecture – both as location and visual text – functions as tool of political criticism in the late socialist cinema of Hungary. Through the textual analysis of the living space in the socialist bloc in Péter Bacsó’s A Pianino in Mid-Air (Zongora a levego”ben, 1976), Béla Tarr’s Family Nest (Családi tu”zfészek, 1977) and Prefab People (Panelkapcsolat, 1982), Péter Gothár’s A Priceless Day (Ajándék ez a nap, 1979) and György Szomjas’s Wall Driller (Falfúró, 1985), the study dwells on the elimination of domestic space in the films which, as argued below, corresponds to the families’ disintegration and so to the failure a coherent, socialist society.     

Comparisons of flux-based stemflow enrichment ratios for two Quercus spp. within the megalopolis of the eastern USA

Throughfall and stemflow serve as two important transport mechanisms for water and solutes in urban forests, though these fluxes are seldom quantified within cities. This study is the first to utilize two flux-based enrichment ratios for stemflow to characterize spatial patterns in water and solute distribution in urban forest fragments. Using event-based, in situ sampling, this study quantified stemflow enrichment for Quercus rubra (northern red oak) and Quercus alba (white oak) trees relative to open precipitation (E_P,B) and throughfall (E_T,B) per unit trunk basal area for dissolved Ca, K, Mg, Mn, NO₃-N, and S. The study investigated variability in nutrient enrichment at the fragment, municipal, and regional scales. Among all solutes, observations for E_P,B and E_T,B for Q. rubra and Q. alba were generally lowest for Mg and highest for Mn and K. Significant intra-urban variability in stemflow enrichment was limited to E_P,B of K and E_T,B of Ca (p?<?0.05), while trans-regional variability in stemflow enrichment consistently indicated higher E_P,B and E_T,B in more highly developed portions of the study region. At the fragment scale, E_P,B and E_T,B for Q. rubra was consistently higher than for Q. alba, with variability in these observations significant for all solutes. For example, interspecific variability in E_P,B was greatest for K, where median values ranged from 2.8?±?29.7 in Q. alba to 87.1?±?97.1 in Q. rubra. While observations for E_T,B were generally lower than those for E_P,B, observations for Q. rubra also consistently exceeded those for Q. alba, with median values for K ranging from 1.5?±?0.5 to 21.9?±?3.1 for Q. alba and Q. rubra, respectively. Findings were likely driven by variability in biophysical characteristics between the two species (e.g., bark morphology). Further, findings indicate that species heterogeneity within the urban forest contributes to significant variability in nutrient (and possibly pollutant) transport and fate via throughfall and stemflow below the canopy, with subsequent impacts on urban forest biogeochemistry.

     

U.S. College Students' Sexual Activity: The Unique and Interactive Effects of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Attachment Style

ABSTACT

Objectives: This study explored the association between emotion regulation difficulties and sexual activity, and whether emotion regulation difficulties moderated the link between attachment and sexual activity. Methods: U.S. college students (N = 373) from two institutions completed self-report measures of sexual activity, emotion regulation difficulties and attachment. Results: Findings indicated that greater emotion regulation difficulties were associated with less frequent exclusive sexual activity. Moreover, emotion regulation difficulties moderated links between attachment avoidance and sexual activity, and associations varied according to relational context and gender. Conclusions: Implications for promoting sexual health and relationship intimacy are discussed.     

American Ebola Story: frames in U.S. National Newspapers

The 2014 Ebola epidemic saw the first symptomatic and fatal cases of Ebola in the United States. Concurrently, news coverage in U.S. media about Ebola increased. Research has shown that media’s framing of events influences public perception and understanding. To address framing of the Ebola epidemic in the U.S. media, researchers conducted a content analysis of newspaper articles reporting on the Ebola epidemic during the U.S. contact tracing period from September 30 to December 2, 2014 (n = 718). The top three circulating U.S. national newspapers were used in the analysis. The results show that the human interest, conflict, and action frames had the highest presence across newspaper articles, whereas the presence of attribution of responsibility, morality, and economic frames was lower. This study furthers knowledge of U.S. news media framing and coverage of new public health emergencies, and how newspapers may drive audience understanding and perception of the 2014 Ebola epidemic. This study also discusses implications of the findings and suggests directions for future research.     

Condom Use Completeness,Perceptions, and Sexual Quality at Most Recent Sexual Event: Results from a U.S. Nationally Representative Probability Sample

Abstract

Objectives: To explore perceptions of condoms associated with complete use and evaluate relationships between condom perceptions, condom use, and sexual quality.

Methods: Using data from a U. S. nationally representative probability sample, we assessed individuals’ condom use perceptions and related characteristics of their most recent sexual event through bivariate and regression analyses (n?=?234).

Results: Most participants reported complete condom use and neutral or positive perceptions of condoms. Though incomplete use was associated with orgasm among women, arousal and pleasure did not differ by gender or duration of condom use.

Conclusions: We found no evidence that delayed application or early condom removal increased sexual arousal or pleasure, which may help sexual health promotion interventions address negative cultural ideas about condoms.     

Associations between hope and trajectories of critical consciousness among U.S. youth of color

We examined associations between hope as an internal asset that supports positive youth development, and growth trajectories of three critical consciousness components. Using five waves of data collected over the course of high school (N = 618), we modeled growth trajectories of awareness of inequity (critical reflection), a sense of agency about taking sociopolitical action (critical agency), and behaviors targeting systems of oppression (critical action). Hope was highest among those with high trajectories of critical agency and critical action. Clear associations with hope emerged at the last time point for critical reflection, suggesting that sustained growth in critical reflection is associated with hope. When supporting the critical consciousness development of youth of color, concurrent support for hope may be instrumental.     

‘A ondi queras’: Ranchero identity construction by U.S. born Mexicans on Facebook

This study describes how transnational second‐generation Mexican bilinguals use a stigmatized variety of Mexican Spanish to communicate on Facebook and construct an identity. The stereotyped features of this variety index a ranchero identity. Historically, ranchero is an ambivalent identity for Mexican society in general. On the one hand, ranchero culture is a positive reminiscence of Mexico's agrarian past, while on the other, rancheros, along with indigenous Mexicans, are at the bottom of the hierarchy in Mexican society. A discourse‐centered, ethnographic analysis of digitally mediated conversations demonstrates how language use allows participants to reminisce about their collective past, maintain Mexican identities tied to their ancestors, fit their identities to contemporary U.S. Mexican culture, and distance themselves from the stigma associated with the ranchero background.     

Werner J. Cahnman: Jews & Gentiles. A historical sociology of their relations

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Werner J. Cahnman: Jews & Gentiles. A historical sociology of their relations

     

Vitebsk. The Life of Art

Deych, Genrich M., Putevoditel. Arkhivnye dokumenty po istorii evreev v Rossii v XlX‐nachale XXw. (A Research Guide to Materials on the History of Russian Jewry (Nineteenth and Early 20th Centuries) in Selected Archives of the Former Soviet Union.? Edited and introduced by Benjamin Nathans. (Moscow: Blagovest n.d., xii +149pp.)

Elyashevich, Dmitry A., compiler, Dokumentalnye materialy po istorii evreevv arkhivakh SNG i stran Baltii (Documentary Sources on Jewish History in the Archives of the CIS and the Baltic Countries) (St Petersburg: Acropolis 1994,134pp.)

Elyashevich, Dmitry A. and Kelner, Viktor, compilers, Literatura o evreyakh na russkom yazyke, 1890–1947: knigi, broshyury, ottiski statey, organy periodicheskoy pechati. Bibliografichesky ukazatel (Russian‐Language Literature on the Jews, 1890–1947: Books, Brochures, Reprints of Articles, Periodical Editions. Bibliographical Index) (St Petersburg: Humane Agency Academic Project 1995, 679pp.)

Freeze, Gregory L. and Mironenko, Sergey V. (eds.), Putevoditel. Tom I. Fondy Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Rossiyskoy Federatsii po istorii Rossii XlX‐nachala XXw. (Research Guide. Volume I. Collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation on the History of Russia in the Nineteenth and Early‐Twentieth Centuries) (Moscow: Blagovest 1994, xviii+394pp.)

Sallis, Dorit and Web, Marek (eds.), Jewish Documentary Sources in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus: A Preliminary List (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America 1996, vii+164pp.)

Seriya ‘Evreysky arkhiv’. Obshchestvo ‘Evreyskoe nasledie’ (Jewish Archive Series, Jewish Legacy Society) (Moscow 1994)

Sobolev, V. S., editor and Anferteva, A. N., compiler. Gebraistika i istoriya evreyskoy kultury v Rossii. Tematichesky ukazatel dokumentov po fondam Sankt‐Peterburgskogo Arkhiva Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk (Hebraistics and the History of Jewish Culture in Russia. A Thematic Guide to Documents in the Collections of the St Petersburg Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences). 2 volumes. (St Petersburg 1994–5, 42pp.+30pp.)     

Generational Differences in Accounts of the Development of U.S. Cultural Sociology—Let Me Count the Ways: Response to Lizardo’s and Mische’s Comments

This essay provides a response to comments offered by Omar Lizardo (2011) and Ann Mische (2011) with reference to my piece “How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States” ( Lamont, 2011 ). All essays appear in this issue.     

Photographs of disasters. An ethnomethodological approach

The essay analyses the photographs produced and circulated during the March 2011 tsunami and earthquake disaster in Japan, which show destroyed buildings, flooded landscapes, desperate people. Disaster destroys existing order. On first sight, the photographs of disaster depict this dissolution of order. The empirical analysis shows that the disastrousness of disaster is (also) created through the pictures of the disasters. The paper discusses why and in what way certain pictures reveal themselves to be iconographic of disaster and how they enter the visual memory as its representative. To achieve this, the study will invoke ethnomethodology. At the centre of the analysis is the question of the particular means with which these images illustrate the destructive force of the disasters and how pictures showing destruction and pain (‘pictures of pain’) turn into pictures effecting pain in the viewer (‘painful pictures’). The empirical study demonstrates: the photographs show the destruction of order; however, they do this in an orderly manner.

for Jörg Bergmann’s 70th birthday     

The state of sexual health services at U.S. Colleges and Universities

Objective: To describe the array of sexual health care services provided at US colleges and universities. Participants: During 2014–2015, 885 colleges were surveyed about their provision of sexual health services. Methods: 55% of colleges responded. Data were weighted and stratified by minority-serving institutions (MSIs), 2-year and 4-year institutions. Results: 70.6% of colleges reported having a health center (HC), of which 73.0% offered STI diagnosis/treatment (4 years vs. 2 years; 77.9% vs. 53.1%) and contraceptive services (70.1% vs. 46.4%), all p < .001. HCs less frequently offered LARC (19.7%), express STI testing (24.4%) and self-collection (31.4%). Condoms were available on 66.8% of campuses. HPV vaccination was available at more 4-year colleges (73.7% vs. 48.5%, p < .003) and non-MSIs (74.4% vs. 58.5, p = .019). Regarding MSM-targeted services, 54.6% offered pharyngeal and 51.8% rectal STI testing. Conclusions: 2-year colleges may require additional support with providing sexual health care. Improvements could entail increasing express testing, extra-genital STI testing, and LARC.     

Be like et al. beyond America: The quotative system in British and Canadian youth

In this paper we study the quotative system of contemporary British and Canadian youth. Multivariate analysis of nearly 1300 quotative verbs demonstrates that the innovative form belike is productive in both Canada and Britain. Traditional quotatives such as say, go,think, are used according to somewhat different patterns in the two corpora. We suggest that this is the result of differing narrative styles across varieties. However, the linguistic trajectory of the innovative form belike is remarkably parallel, not only across the British and Canadian corpora, but is also comparable with previous reports of this form in the United States. This finding provides evidence for a systematic global diffusion of belike across geographically separated speech communities and calls for further research into the social and linguistic mechanisms underlying such internationally circumscribed linguistic change.