试论我国公共图书馆内部运行机制改革

公共图书馆是我国公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分.针对存在的问题及遇到的困难,将公共图书馆作为公益性文化事业单位,进一步明确改革目标和发展方向,建立以政府为主体、社会捐助图书馆事业的资金投入模式,完善科学的政府投资监管体系及绩效评估体系,深化劳动人事、收入分配和社会保障制度,促进我国公共图书馆事业健康发展.     

关于我国基层公益性事业单位改革的探讨

随着社会事业的不断发展进步,社会公益类事业单位陈旧的体制机制已经不能满足社会公共服务发展需求,改革势在必行。因此,有必要对社会公益类事业单位的改革方向进行研究探索,以适应市场经济,提高组织效率。在明确职能定位的基础上,创新事业单位管理体制,发挥我国公益性事业单位的内在潜力。本论文试图从从公益性事业单位本身的问题出发,分析探索改革的目标和路径选择,最终实现改革的发展。     

山西事业单位重塑性改革

事业单位上一轮改革,概括起来三句话:行政类回归政府、企业类回归市场、事业类回归公益.在分类改革的基础上,近年来,一些省份勇闯"深水区",对公益类事业单位进行重塑性变革.     

公益性事业单位内部控制初探

随着我国事业单位改革的不断深入，尤其是对事业单位实行分类改革后，公益性事业单位面临的经济环境发生了较大变化，对公益性事业单位内部控制的完善、会计基础工作等方面也提出了新的要求。本文就公益性事业单位上述现状进行分析，并提出相应的对策建议。     

试论我国公共图书馆内部运行机制改革

公共图书馆是我国公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分。针对存在的问题及遇到的困难，将公共图书馆作为公益性文化事业单位，进一步明确改革目标和发展方向，建立以政府为主体、社会捐助图书馆事业的资金投入模式，完善科学的政府投资监管体系及绩效评估体系，深化劳动人事、收入分配和社会保障制度，促进我国公共图书馆事业健康发展。     

事业单位分类改革背景下政府人才服务机构的困境

政府人才服务机构在提供人力资源公共服务方面具有天然优势与合理性。多年发展中,政府人才服务机构一直同时提供公益性与经营性两类人才公共服务,其间不可避免存在一些矛盾,事业单位分类改革后被定位为公益二类事业单位。政府人才服务机构目前存在财政拨款不足、员工缺乏激励、服务质量与成效不高等困境。可以从事企分离、加大财政投入、推行社会购买等方面进行改革。     

政策支持在公益性事业单位中改革的作用

在中国社会转型之际,继政府机构改革、国有企业改革之后,深化以公益事业为主的事业单位改革已经成为又一项重要任务,这对于完善社会主义市场经济体制起着十分重要的作用.事实上,我国事业单位的改革已经严重滞后于经济体制改革,公益性事业单位改革亟需新的政策支持.     

事业单位体制改革中需研究解决的几个原则性问题

本报告提出 ,政府与市场的职能分工问题、社会事业的基本组织方式选择问题、对事业机构的激励与约束问题以及管理体制建设问题等 ,是推进事业单位改革过程中必须解决的原则性问题。在对近些年事业单位改革探索进行分析总结的基础上 ,本报告也提出了若干意见和建议。     

社区卫生服务中的政府责任研究

社区卫生服务是政府为实现公共福利提供的一种公益性服务事业，是医疗服务改革的突破口，政府在其中应承担维护居民健康权益、规范医疗服务市场、财政投入、行业监管等重要职责。但我国政府在政策法南侧的制定和落实、医疗资源分配、财政投入和人才培养力度方面责任严重缺失，其根本原因在于政府责任不明、思想认识上存在偏差、行政效率低下。只有树立正确责任意识并采取有效的措施，才能改变我国社区卫生服务中政府责任缺失状况。     

事业单位分类改革应关注的重大问题

分类推进事业单位改革,首先要科学划分事业单位类别,将现有事业单位按照社会功能划分为承担行政职能的、从事生产经营活动的和从事公益服务的三类事业单位。改革按照总体设计、分类指导、因地制宜、先行试点、稳步推进的思路进行,到2020年形成具有中国特色的公益服务体系。可以说,事业     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.