前移回归分析法在广西省经济预测中的应用

经济指标是多项相关因素的函数,一个时间段内各项指标(自变量)值会影响下一时间段待预测指标(因变量)的取值.本文以广西省12项主要经济指标为实例,采用前移回归方法预测了人均GDP,进而预测了其余指标2008～2009年的取值.这种方法克服了以往时问序列预测只是自身拓展而不考虑多项因素(变量)的不足,也弥补了回归分析预测法必须已知同时期各个自变量值才能预测的缺陷,取得较好的效果.     

线性回归模型与传递函数模型在时间序列应用上的比较研究

如果一个因变量是由一个或多个自变量来解释的,那么对这些数据可以建立回归模型.但如果因变量和自变量同时又是时间序列,则也可以建立传递函数模型(transferfunction models).与普通的回归模型相比,传递函数模型说明因变量与自变量以及扰动项之间关系时,有着更为丰富的结构.在多变量时间序列模型方面,有关线性回归模型与传递函数序列在时间序列方面应用效果的比较很少,因此,本文拟进行这方面的研究,为多变量时间序列建立模型提供参考.     

EXCEL在多元线性回归分析中的应用

在一元线性回归分析中,重点放在了用模型中的一个自变量X来估计因变量Y。实际上,由于客观事物的联系错综复杂,一个因变量的变化往往受到两个或多个自变量的影响。为了全面揭示这种复杂的依存关系,准确地测定它们的数量变动,提高预测和控制的精确度,就要考虑更多的自变量,建立多     

前移回归新方法的实际运用与改进

前移回归分析方法克服了以往时间序列预测只是自身拓展而不考虑多项因素(变量)的不足,也弥补了回归分析预测法必须已知同时期各个自变量值才能预测的缺陷。近两年应用前移回归分析方法对湖北、云南、福建等省多项经济指标进行的预测,效果令人满意。本文分析了此方法在上述省份应用的效果,进行了新的预测,并提出了改进方向。     

基于SSA-MGF的偏最小二乘回归预测模型

本文利用奇异谱分析和均生函数方法,对原始序列重构延拓作为自变量,原始序列作为因变量,建立偏最小二乘回归预测模型,并与主成分最小二乘回归预测模型比较分析.实例结果表明,该方法具有预测精度高、稳定好的特点.     

序次Logistic回归模型中因变量分类数的确定

当因变量为定性数据时,Logistic回归模型经常被使用,其中又以二分类因变量(取值为0或1)的Logistic模型最为常见。其实,Logistic回归模型也可以应用于多分类因变量,即因变量的分类数大于等于3的情况。而且,多分类因变量既可以是序次的(Ordinal),也可以是名义的(Nominal)。当多分类因变量类别之间有序次关系时,一般采用序次(或累积)Logistic回归模型。人们在进行此类回归分析时,往往只注重通过一定的手段选择合适的自变量,以达到预期的拟合效果,却忽视了对因变量取值的研究。由于序次Logistic回归模型其实隐含了对因变量分类的一种假设条件…     

基于双重筛选的多因变量偏最小二乘逐步回归方法

偏最小二乘回归分析中的一个重要问题是变量选择,文章的主要目的是给出一种改进的多元数据分析方法-基于双重筛选的多因变量偏最小二乘逐步回归方法。双重筛选方法既能按自变量对因变量的关系进行分组,又能使每个自变量对各组因变量的作用反映出来。因此基于双重筛选的多因变量偏最小二乘回归方法能很好地处理这类问题,并得到好的结果。     

基于逐步惩罚的动态多元线性回归预测模型

在采用回归方法进行数据预测时,对呈近似线性关系的因变量和自变量,并非要寻找到其对应的精确的非线性函数,而可在对数据进行修正后继续使用线性回归模型。文章讨论了一种引入惩罚因子的动态回归模型,该方法在传统的多元线性回归模型的基础上,在进行逐步回归的同时,通过不断调整因变量来实现实时更改其变化趋势以达到最佳预测结果的目的。该方法在对上海市历年外国游客人数进行分析和预测时得到了较理想的结果。     

分位数回归技术综述

普通最小二乘回归建立了在自变量X=x下因变量Y的条件均值与X的关系的线性模型。而分位数回归（Quantile Regression）则利用自变量X和因变量y的条件分位数进行建模。与普通的均值回归相比，它能充分反映自变量X对于因变量y的分布的位置、刻度和形状的影响，有着十分广泛的应用，尤其是对于一些非常关注尾部特征的情况。文章介绍了分位数回归的概念以及分位数回归的估计、检验和拟合优度，回顾了分位数回归的发展过程以及其在一些经济研究领域中的应用，最后做了总结。     

对现行教科书中若干统计方法应用的再认识

一、回归分析方法的应用问题 回归分析是通过建立回归模型来反映自变量和因变量之间的变动关系,进而根据自变量对因变量作出预测.然而,现行教科书在介绍该方法的用途时出现了三方面的误解,现予以说明并加以矫正.     

Nonstationary regression models with a lagged dependent variable

This paper studies regression models with a lagged dependent variable when both the dependent and independent variables are nonstationary, and the regression model is misspecified in some dimension. In particular, we discuss the limiting properties of leastsquares estimates of the parameters in such regression models, and the limiting distributions of their test statistics. We show that the estimate of the lagged dependent variable tends to unity asymptotically independent of its true value, while the estimates of the independent variables tend to zero. The limiting distributions of their test statistics are shown to diverge with sample size.     

Calibration for inverse gaussian regression

Inverse Gaussian regression models are useful for regression data where both variables are nonnegative and the variance of the dependent variable depends on the independent variable, Zero intercept inverse Gaussian regression models are presented with non-constant variance, constant ratio of variance to the mean and constant coefficient of variation, For purposes of calibration, the prediction band is used to give point and interval estimators for the independent variable, The results are illustrated with a real data set.     

Bayes model averaging with selection of regressors

Summary. When a number of distinct models contend for use in prediction, the choice of a single model can offer rather unstable predictions. In regression, stochastic search variable selection with Bayesian model averaging offers a cure for this robustness issue but at the expense of requiring very many predictors. Here we look at Bayes model averaging incorporating variable selection for prediction. This offers similar mean-square errors of prediction but with a vastly reduced predictor space. This can greatly aid the interpretation of the model. It also reduces the cost if measured variables have costs. The development here uses decision theory in the context of the multivariate general linear model. In passing, this reduced predictor space Bayes model averaging is contrasted with single-model approximations. A fast algorithm for updating regressions in the Markov chain Monte Carlo searches for posterior inference is developed, allowing many more variables than observations to be contemplated. We discuss the merits of absolute rather than proportionate shrinkage in regression, especially when there are more variables than observations. The methodology is illustrated on a set of spectroscopic data used for measuring the amounts of different sugars in an aqueous solution.     

中国上市公司“行业性”治理的实证研究

文章用主成分分析的方法得到了衡量公司业绩的综合指标,以此作为因变量,而以股权治理因子(包括国有股,流通A股,第一大股东,股权集中度等)为解释变量,进行了回归分析.采用涉及机械、金属、批发、石油四大行业共231家上市公司的有关数据,进行了回归分析和假设检验,其结论是不同的行业即使类似的股权结构也有着不同的治理效果,目前中国上市公司的治理应该遵循"行业性".     

Model Selection,Transformations and Variance Estimation in Nonlinear Regression

The results of analyzing experimental data using a parametric model may heavily depend on the chosen model for regression and variance functions, moreover also on a possibly underlying preliminary transformation of the variables. In this paper we propose and discuss a complex procedure which consists in a simultaneous selection of parametric regression and variance models from a relatively rich model class and of Box-Cox variable transformations by minimization of a cross-validation criterion. For this it is essential to introduce modifications of the standard cross-validation criterion adapted to each of the following objectives: 1. estimation of the unknown regression function, 2. prediction of future values of the response variable, 3. calibration or 4. estimation of some parameter with a certain meaning in the corresponding field of application. Our idea of a criterion oriented combination of procedures (which usually if applied, then in an independent or sequential way) is expected to lead to more accurate results. We show how the accuracy of the parameter estimators can be assessed by a “moment oriented bootstrap procedure", which is an essential modification of the “wild bootstrap” of Härdle and Mammen by use of more accurate variance estimates. This new procedure and its refinement by a bootstrap based pivot (“double bootstrap”) is also used for the construction of confidence, prediction and calibration intervals. Programs written in Splus which realize our strategy for nonlinear regression modelling and parameter estimation are described as well. The performance of the selected model is discussed, and the behaviour of the procedures is illustrated, e.g., by an application in radioimmunological assay.     

Sparse alternatives to ridge regression: a random effects approach

In a calibration of near-infrared (NIR) instrument, we regress some chemical compositions of interest as a function of their NIR spectra. In this process, we have two immediate challenges: first, the number of variables exceeds the number of observations and, second, the multicollinearity between variables are extremely high. To deal with the challenges, prediction models that produce sparse solutions have recently been proposed. The term ‘sparse’ means that some model parameters are zero estimated and the other parameters are estimated naturally away from zero. In effect, a variable selection is embedded in the model to potentially achieve a better prediction. Many studies have investigated sparse solutions for latent variable models, such as partial least squares and principal component regression, and for direct regression models such as ridge regression (RR). However, in the latter, it mainly involves an L₁ norm penalty to the objective function such as lasso regression. In this study, we investigate new sparse alternative models for RR within a random effects model framework, where we consider Cauchy and mixture-of-normals distributions on the random effects. The results indicate that the mixture-of-normals model produces a sparse solution with good prediction and better interpretation. We illustrate the methods using NIR spectra datasets from milk and corn specimens.     

The application of the durbin-watson test to the dynamic regression model under normal and non-normal errors

Until recently, a difficulty with applying the Durbin-Watson (DW) test to the dynamic linear regression model has been the lack of appropriate critical values. Inder (1986) used a modified small-disturbance distribution (SDD) to find approximate critical values. King and Wu (1991) showed that the exact SDD of the DW statistic is equivalent to the distribution of the DW statistic from the regression with the lagged dependent variables replaced by their means. Unfortunately, these means are unknown although they could be estimated by the actual variable values. This provides a justification for using the exact critical values of the DW statistic from the regression with the lagged dependent variables treated as non-stochastic regressors. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments are reported in this paper. They show that this approach leads to reasonably accurate critical values, particularly when two lags of the dependent variable are present. Robustness to non-normality is also investigated.     

The application of the durbin-watson test to the dynamic regression model under normal and non-normal errors

Until recently, a difficulty with applying the Durbin-Watson (DW) test to the dynamic linear regression model has been the lack of appropriate critical values. Inder (1986) used a modified small-disturbance distribution (SDD) to find approximate critical values. King and Wu (1991) showed that the exact SDD of the DW statistic is equivalent to the distribution of the DW statistic from the regression with the lagged dependent variables replaced by their means. Unfortunately, these means are unknown although they could be estimated by the actual variable values. This provides a justification for using the exact critical values of the DW statistic from the regression with the lagged dependent variables treated as non-stochastic regressors. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments are reported in this paper. They show that this approach leads to reasonably accurate critical values, particularly when two lags of the dependent variable are present. Robustness to non-normality is also investigated.     

R-squared and prediction in regression with ordered quantitative response

This paper is concerned with the use of regression methods to predict values of a response variable when that variable is naturally ordered. An application to the prediction of student examination performance is provided and it is argued that, although individual scores are unlikely to be well predicted at the extremes of the range using the conditional mean, conditional on covariates, it is possible to usefully predict where an individual is likely to feature in the rank order of performance.     

On the relationship between the sample size and the number of variables in a linear regression model

The problem of determining the number of variables to be included in the linear regression model is considered under the assumption that the dependent and independent variables have a joint normal distribution. It is shown that for a given sample size n there exists an optimal number k₀ (0 ≤ k₀ < n-2) of variables among all independent variables in the model, such that the expectation of the mean squared error corresponding to the prediction equation with k₀ variables is minimal.Application of this result to ustepwise procedures is discussed.