危世传奇与苍凉叹息——张爱玲《传奇》的思想意蕴探析

作为旷世不衰的文学经典,张爱玲的小说集《传奇》富有丰赡的思想意蕴。其主要魅力在于:作者以女性天才般的睿智而悲悯之心,俯视浮华仓促而危机深重的乱离人世,为我们描绘了传统与现代碰撞交汇中的沪港两地旷男怨女苍凉的生存图景,在洞穿文明底蕴的书写中,将对人性的局限与无奈、人世的艰辛与荒谬的挖掘和剖析达到了极致,形成了充满独特体验和风格的文学世界。《传奇》的深刻意蕴再一次证明了它的"传奇性"是名副其实的,张爱玲在文坛上也是不可重复的。     

王安忆小说的“地母精神”与现代市民价值观

“地母精神”最早由张爱玲提出.所谓“地母精神”,即肯定女性生存繁衍价值、对凡俗人生的投入与物质理性.王安忆不但在散文中明确表达她对地母精神的认同,而且在她的作品中表现出了鲜明的“地母精神”.这种“重女抑男”的地母精神与现代市民价值观中以人为本、生本位、物质理性的价值取向紧密相连,是现代都市发展的产物.“地母精神”是对传统家国叙事的反拨,体现了日常现代性的追求,但其并不能并入任何女性主义的流派,而是超越了性别对立的一种女性观、民间观和创作观.     

女性悲剧命运的自我言说——庐隐、萧红、张爱玲小说创作的文本意义

庐隐、萧红、张爱玲三位女性作家,她们的小说创作在中国现代文学发展史上,具有相当突出的时代象征性。她们每一个人都以真正意义上的“女性”视角,生动而形象地揭示了中国现代女性在追求自我解放道路上的真实感受与理想破灭;她们不仅用细腻入微的故事叙事向广大读者展示了女性主人公的现实困惑,同时也深刻地阐释了女性对于男权话语的抵触与拒绝。     

试论贵族才女张爱玲的幸与不幸

张爱玲———一位在中国现代文学史上曾经璀璨过的,以她的作品实力向读者展示了其天才的女作家,她的成功与出名是在一个特殊的环境里。作家柯灵先生曾这样评价她:“我扳着指头算来算去,偌大的文坛,哪个阶段都安放不下一个张爱玲,上海沦陷才给了她机会。日本侵略者和汪精卫政权把新文学传统一刀切断了,只要不反对他们,有点文学艺术粉饰太平,求之不得,给他们点什么,当然是毫不计较的。天高皇帝远,这就给张爱玲提供了大显身手的舞台。”柯灵先生的概述,使我们对张爱玲成名的社会背景有了粗浅的了解,然而,更能引起读者惊诧的却是张爱玲那颇具传…     

论张爱玲小说的变态心理描写及其文学意义

张爱玲的生活经历、童年记忆与缺失性体验是其作品切入变态心理的内在动因。其小说对于变态心理的刻画,是以时代和社会的视角加以关照,对人物精神及生存状态给予揭示,以人物变态的情欲、扭曲的心灵来诠释产生悲剧的人性因素。张爱玲将小说人物变态心理描写与创作技巧紧密结合,运用现代创作技巧,来剖析变态人性,这促进了人们精神的反思,为借助心理分析来解释变态心理如何支配作品主人公的意识和行为提供了范例,为她以后的作家提供了一个崭新的审美视角。作者借助变态心理描写,使人物形象更加丰满,深化和丰富了人物复杂多变的内心世界,从而达到了意想不到的艺术效果。     

20世纪40年代海派女作家张爱玲与施济美作品风格比较

20世纪三、四十年代上海文坛除了左翼小说的活跃、繁盛外,还有与其形成鼎足之势的海派小说。这个这文学流派中,40年代涌现出大批优秀的女性作家,在这批"小姐作家"中最有影响力的是张爱玲和施济美。张爱玲的小说更多表现的是人生的无奈,任何诗意的东西在张爱玲这里都是荡然无存的。而施济美的小说却始终保持着对理想、爱情、信念不懈的追求。     

乡村女性自我的再认识:一项来自恩施土家族双龙村的研究

传统女性主义者认为,女性的自我是无主体性的“他性”存在。现代女性主义的批判指出,女性自我是有主体的,但这种主体本质上是女性多种生存“策略”所体现的理性主体。本文基于对恩施双龙村女性的田野调查研究,提出了“女性自我是情感主体的自我”的观点,这种情感主体的自我具有包容性和排他性双重特征。情感主体的意义表现为两个方面：一是女性在对相关他人命运的关心及对他人无功利的或弱功利的付出中,为乡村社会的团结与整合做出了自己特殊的贡献;二是女性在感性的率性行为中,突破了既有的习俗与规则,为乡村社会的变迁做出了贡献。     

柔弱背后的强悍--《倾城之恋》中女主人公白流苏形象分析

本文以“女性强者”为视角 ,分析了张爱玲小说《顷城之恋》中的女主人公白流苏这一人物形象 ,指出白流苏是一个不受男人支配、摆布 ,具有强悍的自救精神的特殊女性 ,她以自己的老练与智慧主宰着自己的命运 ,成为了婚姻竞技场上的胜者。从她身上我们看到了旧时代的女性是如何在困境中“抗争”命运 ,改变命运的。她的出现既是一种希望 ,也是那个时代女性改变自己弱势地位的一个“榜样”① 。     

简论张爱玲的艺术世界

张爱玲因《传奇》而成为中国现代文学史上的传奇。时至今日，文学批评家们仍然对她颇费猜思：她的风格是古典的还是现代的？她属于哪个流派？她在中国现代文学史上应当处于什么位置？有的人对她推崇备至，自称“张迷”，有的人对她颇有微词，称之为“新颓废派”……不管怎...     

反讽之思与讽刺之力--张爱玲与老舍审美比较论

张爱玲和老舍均是中国现代文学史上杰出的小说家,均对喜剧性及幽默、讽刺、反讽手法存有偏爱,但在呈现形态上却风格迥异。张与老舍代表了喜剧艺术的两种型态:反讽的和讽刺的。通过喜剧方式,老舍体现的是社会关怀,张则是反思存在;老舍喜欢褒贬是非,张则超然物外;老舍常用夸张嘲谑,张则收敛沉练。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Youth‐oriented active labour market policies and economic crisis: Explaining policy effort in Greece and Portugal

The starting point of this study is the implementation of seemingly similar youth‐oriented labour market policies in Greece and Portugal. Both countries have suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their labour market as part of the rescue programmes adopted during the European sovereign debt crisis. Despite convergence in terms of policy trajectories, there is a significant divergence in employment outcomes. In Portugal, youth‐oriented policies were better‐targeted and structured. Their implementation has been more effective and has involved the social partners from the outset of the crisis. In Greece, policy design failures, administrative weaknesses and unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have limited the dynamics of youth‐oriented policies thus increasing youth insecurity. Τhe analysis suggests that convergence in policy content can be compatible with divergence in terms of outcomes.