北京市科技公共服务体系建设：现状、问题与对策

科技公共服务体系是科技北京建设的基础性工程。北京市紧紧围绕科技北京建设的战略要求,加大了科技公共服务体系的建设,取得了一定的成效。但存在的问题主要表现在：科技资源聚集能力强而资源共享作用弱;共性技术服务功能缺位,技术孵化、产业孵化功能缺失;管理制度的整体性系统性不强。加强北京市科技公共服务体系建设,应加强科技创新资源整合,促进科技创新产业联盟;尽快建立产业共性技术供给与扩散机制,根本解决创新服务功能缺项的问题;以提升自主创新能力、增强国家科技竞争力为政策主线完善政策体系,提高科技政策的系统性和政策效率。     

创业型创新人才配套政策研究

基于上海创业型创新人才在创业创新过程中,面临的困难与政策诉求,上海应通过政策的突破和创新,带动体制机制变革,坚持发挥市场的基础作用和政府有效作为相结合,坚持人才、科技、金融等因素相结合,坚持人才、项目团队相结合,推进创业政策、人才发展政策、项目支持政策、企业发展支持政策、积极提供创业服务,以更大范围地集聚和培育创业型创新人才,营造充满活力的创业环境。     

上海科创中心建设一年来科技企业问卷调查报告

推进上海科创中心建设,要进一步聚焦企业反映的突出问题,通过破解关键体制机制瓶颈,尽可能让更多创新企业分享改革红利和政策效应,形成创新企业争相集聚的良好氛围.积极建立中小创新型企业与高校、科研院所的创新联盟;根据创新规律和要求进一步推动政府职能转变;围绕科技成果转化破解关键问题;进一步推动科技中介行业发展.     

推进上海战略性新兴产业发展对策研究

战略性新兴产业关系到国家的经济命脉和产业安全,具有广阔的发展空间、市场前景、扩散效应以及引导科技进步的能力。上海战略新兴产业发展需要理清新兴产业培育与传统产业发展、加工制造与高端服务、立足本土创新与集成全球创新资源、普惠性政策与定向性政策、重点扶持大企业与培育科技中小企业、系统推进与重点突破等之间的辩证关系。通过研究借鉴国内外培育战略性新兴产业发展的主要经验与做法,提出上海发展战略性新兴产业的战略目标、发展方式、发展愿景、发展重点和方向。     

低碳科技公共服务平台的功能与机制研究

从低碳经济和节能减排的视角考察,加强低碳科技创新与科技公共服务是实现发展方式转变和促进节能减排的关键与前提。低碳科技公共服务平台是促进低碳科技创新而构建的科技基础条件和服务平台。低碳科技公共服务平台的功能模型主要包括功能流程、功能类型、四维主体等。实现低碳科技公共服务平台的基本功能,需要构建合作创新、政策支持、联席协商、要素流动等实现机制。     

我国国防科技工业企业创新机制研究

以我国国防科技工业企业创新机制为分析对象,首先介绍了我国国防科技工业企业的现状,接着分析了当前我国国防科技工业企业在创新机制方面存在的问题,如人才问题、融资问题、技术研发问题、信息化问题,最后从深化体制改革、引进先进科技、加强校企合作三方面论述了推动我国国防科技工业企业创新机制的建议,以便可以更好地促进我国国防科技工业企业的发展。     

改革开放以来广州科技创新成就与经验研究

文章在分析改革开放以来广州科技创新的基本历程和基本成就的基础上,指出改革开放40年来,广州在科技创新的顶层制度设计、科技管理体制、科技成果转化和科技创新生态系统建设方面取得了成功的经验。在此基础上,根据广州科技创新的战略布局、广州科技创新面临的挑战和国际科技创新枢纽的组织结构,从实施国际人才战略、突出企业创新主体、完善优势转化机制、建设知识产权枢纽、完善创新驱动制度等方面提出了广州加快建设国际科技创新枢纽的主要路径。     

新常态下上海农产品加工业发展研究

上海农产品加工发展存在劳动力成本高企及技术人才短缺、品牌维护难度较大、销售渠道开发成本较高、政府扶持政策不够到位、农产品加工统计监测工作的体制机制不完善等问题.针对这些问题,上海应从以下5个方面寻求突破:借力上海科创中心建设,培育农产品加工的科技创新体系;加强产品监管和品牌维护;构建有效畅通的销售渠道;加大对农产品加工企业的精准扶持政策力度;完善工作体制机制,加强农产品加工统计监测.     

科技创新推动张家口市文化产业跨越发展

科技创新是文化产业发展的重要引擎。在现代科技的促进和推动下,文化形态呈现出传统文化产业、地方特色文化产业和新兴文化产业三足鼎立的格局。历史证明,科技创新将主导文化产业的走向,科技与文化融合是转变文化发展方式的必由之路。因此,应该推广高新技术成果,改造传统文化产业;强化科学技术支撑,打造特色文化产业;转变政府工作职能,创造良好外部环境;推动体制机制创新,完善政策支撑体系。     

跨国公司上海研发总部服务科创中心建设研究

在新的发展趋势下,无论是跨国公司还是上海本土企业,仅依靠企业内部资源进行高成本的创新活动,已难以适应快速发展的市场需求以及日益激烈的企业竞争.同时,无论是产业整合、要素分配、技术研发等,跨国公司、上海本土企业都需要在开放式的机制下进行合作.因此,未来跨国公司与本土企业的创新合作必须是"开放式创新"机制,跨国公司与本土企业的创新合作将会呈现:基于互联网的开放式、虚拟化趋势,这种开放式、虚拟化的创新网络能够帮助企业获得一些只有合作才能获得的全球科技资源.     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.