员工创业特质、内外满意度与工作绩效

创业特质能够决定创业者的表现，而创业特质作为个体普遍拥有的特质，研究却忽视了员工创业特质对工作绩效的影响.本文整合成就需要理论和层次需要理论，重点探讨了员工的创业特质与工作绩效的关系以及内外满意度的调节作用.利用企业调研数据研究发现:员工创业特质的成就动机、冒险倾向与工作绩效呈倒U关系，创新偏好与工作绩效呈U型关系;内在工作满意度强化了成就动机与工作绩效的倒U关系.本研究发展了创业特质理论在员工管理上的应用，首次为员工参与“大众创业，万众创新”实践提供了理论依据，研究发现有直接的启示与借鉴意义.     

政府补贴与企业出口国内附加值的倒u型关系——双调节效应分析

政府补贴对制造业优化升级有着重要意义。那么,政府补贴的政策效果如何？它促进了我国企业出口国内附加值提升吗？为回答以上问题,运用OLS和两步法系统GMM,从静态和动态角度实证分析了政府补贴对我国企业出口国内附加值的影响,并探讨行业集中度及其与全要素生产率对二者关系的调节效应。实证研究发现：（1）政府补贴通过激励效应和扭曲效应对出口国内附加值产生倒U型影响;（2）行业集中度对倒U型关系具有调节作用,行业集中度越高,政府补贴对出口国内附加值率的倒U型影响越小;（3）全要素生产率会强化行业集中度对政府补贴与出口国内附加值率倒U型关系的调节作用。     

基于工作嵌入视角的组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系研究

以组织依附理论和映像理论为基础,通过对344名企业员工进行问卷调查,探讨员工工作嵌入与自我效能感在组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系中分别起到的中介和调节作用。研究表明,规则型伦理气候对员工离职有显著的负向影响,并且工作嵌入在其间起到了部分中介作用;关怀型伦理气候对员工工作嵌入有显著的正向影响;自利型伦理气候对员工工作嵌入有显著的负向影响;自我效能感在工作嵌入与离职行为之间的关系中存在显著的调节效应,员工的自我效能感越高,工作嵌入对离职行为的负向影响越弱。     

互惠的激励作用研究：经验证据及启示

本文运用在中国文化背景下开发的互惠量表,基于对西安某合资制药企业210名员工的调查,考察了企业的三种类型互惠行为对员工的角色内绩效,组织公民行为和工作满意度的影响,结果发现广义互惠与对组织内个人有利的公民行为、工作满意度分别呈正相关关系;平衡互惠与角色内绩效、对组织内个人有利的公民行为、对组织有利的公民行为和工作满意度均呈现显著的正相关关系;而负互惠与工作满意度呈现显著的负相关关系.     

领导宽恕与员工绩效——一个被有效调节的曲线模型

领导宽恕与员工绩效呈倒U关系,过高或过低水平的领导宽恕都不利于员工绩效提升。尽责性人格特质和程序公平在这个过程中起着调节作用,尽责性人格越强的领导者对员工绩效的倒U型影响越弱,否则相反;程序公平弱化尽责性人格的负向调节作用,即程序公平越强,尽责性人格所起到的影响越弱。基于此,领导者在积极营造组织宽恕氛围时,应注重度的把握,同时构建公平组织程序,以更好地提升员工绩效。     

基于信任氛围感知与个体主义作用视角的诚信型领导对员工工作态度的影响

通过问卷调查343位被试,从工作需求-资源模型的视角,探讨了诚信型领导对员工态度和行为影响的中介机制及情景因素,包括信任氛围感知、工作投入、组织承诺和个体主义。研究发现,诚信型领导对员工工作投入和组织承诺均有显著正向影响;诚信型领导通过信任氛围感知的中介作用影响员工工作投入及组织承诺;个体主义对信任氛围感知与员工工作投入、组织承诺之间的关系具有调节作用,员工的个体主义越高,信任氛围感知对员工工作投入、组织承诺的积极影响越小。     

CEO谦卑对企业绩效的非线性影响机制研究

基于高阶理论和社会信息加工理论,通过138家企业的多源多时点数据,探讨了CEO谦卑与企业绩效的非线性关系、作用机制及边界条件。研究结果表明,CEO谦卑与企业绩效之间存在倒U形曲线关系;容错氛围与企业绩效之间存在倒U形曲线关系,容错氛围中介了CEO谦卑和企业绩效之间的倒U形关系;高绩效要求负向调节CEO谦卑和容错氛围与企业绩效的倒U形关系,当企业高绩效要求越低时,倒U形关系越强。     

归因、自主权与工作满意度

我国劳动力逐渐从过剩走向短缺,吸引和留住员工逐渐成为企业人力资源管理的第一要务,提高员工的工作满意度势在必行。本文基于广东省成人调查数据,考察了我国普通员工工作满意度的影响因素。结果发现,归因和工作自主权对工作满意度具有显著的影响;一个人越是倾向于父母社会地位、家庭经济收入、运气等外部归因,其工作满意度越低;但是努力、天赋、学历等方面的内部归因,对工作满意度的正向作用并不显著。一个人拥有的工作自主权越高,其工作满意度越高。另外,为员工购买保险比涨工资更能提高工作满意度,体制内工作人员的工作满意度要高于其他企业员工,流动人口和健康员工的工作满意度较高。本文的结论是稳健的,对此我们还给出了一些政策建议。     

推力还是阻力?工作狂领导对下属创造力的非线性影响研究

在“996”工作制背景之下,工作狂领导的有效性正在引起理论与实践界的广泛关注。但以往研究侧重于从绩效角度考察工作狂领导有效性,缺乏对创造力的关注。本研究基于激活理论,尝试探讨工作狂领导对下属创造力的非线性作用效果,并且揭示其内在机制与边界条件。通过对一家能源类国有企业研发中心的252名员工进行多时点、多来源的问卷调查,研究结果表明:工作狂领导对下属创造力存在倒U型影响;时间压力在其中起中介作用;下属核心自我评价调节了时间压力与下属创造力之间的倒U型关系,即下属核心自我评价越低,该曲线关系越明显。     

有人喊你加班吗?主动性和反应性工作连通行为及其对情绪耗竭的差异性影响

基于边界理论,区分了主动性和反应性工作连通行为（proactive/reactive work connectivity behavior after-hours,PC/RC）,并分别探究了二者通过工作领域和家庭领域两条路径影响情绪耗竭的中介机制和边界条件。采用经验取样法收集数据。研究结果表明,在工作领域路径上,过度或不足的PC均不利于员工获得工作控制,进而增强其情绪耗竭,但PC过度的影响更为不利,只有适度水平的PC才能最大程度增强员工的工作控制,进而削弱其情绪耗竭,体现为一种“鲶鱼效应”的倒U型关系;RC只会通过削弱员工的工作控制增强其情绪耗竭。在家庭领域路径上,PC和RC均通过引发员工的工作冲突家庭增强其情绪耗竭;只有PC对情绪耗竭的影响受到个人成就感的调节,相对于个人成就感更低的员工,个人成就感更高的员工从事PC后更不容易产生工作冲突家庭,进而感受到更少的情绪耗竭。使工作连通行为由被动变为主动,能够在一定程度上削弱其消极效应,甚至产生某些积极效应,从而改善员工的情绪状态。     

Testing the Vitamin Model of job stress in Dutch health care workers

Three central hypotheses of Warr's Vitamin Model concerning the relationship between job characteristics and well-being and health outcomes were tested: (1) differential effects of job characteristics on the various well-being and health outcomes; (2) predominance of curvilinear associations; and (3) moderate influence of negative and positive affectivity on these relationships. The study participants were 162 employees from a health care organization (aged 19-54 years, 95% women) who completed questionnaires on job demands and job autonomy, as well as on the outcome variables depression, anxiety, job satisfaction, and health complaints. In addition, data on short-term sickness absence were collected. A higher level of job demands was significantly associated with a lower level of well-being and self-reported health. Job autonomy showed weaker relationships with the outcome variables. The effects of job demands were still large after controlling for negative and positive affectivity, while the effects of job autonomy in most cases became non-significant. The predicted curvilinear relationship between job characteristics and outcome variables did not have an additional value over a linear model in predicting the data. It is concluded that the present data from a homogeneous sample of mostly female nurses support Warr's Vitamin Model to a limited extent.     

劳动关系氛围和员工工作满意度:组织承诺的调节作用

本文从组织行为层次探讨劳动关系氛围与员工态度之间的关系。基于60家企业1607名员工的问卷调查,本文探讨了劳资双赢、劳资对立和员工参与三种劳动关系氛围对员工内在和外在满意度的直接影响,以及员工组织承诺在上述关系中的调节作用。研究发现,劳资双赢氛围显著地提升员工的内在和外在满意度,劳资对立氛围显著地降低员工的内在和外在满意度,员工参与氛围仅能显著提升员工的内在工作满意度。同时,员工组织承诺中的情感承诺能显著增强劳资双赢氛围对内在和外在工作满意度的积极影响,但仅能显著降低劳资对立氛围对内在工作满意度的消极影响,而对员工参与氛围的影响不具有调节作用。此外,研究还发现交易承诺不存在调节效果。     

Testing the Vitamin Model of job stress in Dutch health care workers

Three central hypotheses of Warr's Vitamin Model concerning the relationship between job characteristics and well-being and health outcomes were tested: (1) differential effects of job characteristics on the various well-being and health outcomes; (2) predominance of curvilinear associations; and (3) moderate influence of negative and positive affectivity on these relationships. The study participants were 162 employees from a health care organization (aged 19–54 years, 95% women) who completed questionnaires on job demands and job autonomy, as well as on the outcome variables depression, anxiety, job satisfaction, and health complaints. In addition, data on short-term sickness absence were collected. A higher level of job demands was significantly associated with a lower level of well-being and self-reported health. Job autonomy showed weaker relationships with the outcome variables. The effects of job demands were still large after controlling for negative and positive affectivity, while the effects of job autonomy in most cases became non-significant. The predicted curvilinear relationship between job characteristics and outcome variables did not have an additional value over a linear model in predicting the data. It is concluded that the present data from a homogeneous sample of mostly female nurses support Warr's Vitamin Model to a limited extent.     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: a review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between abusive supervision and creativity in South Korea

Applying activation theory, this study examined the possibility of a curvilinear relationship between abusive supervision and employee creativity. Using survey responses of 203 subordinate–supervisor dyads in South Korea, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship between a supervisor's abusive behaviors and an employee's creative performance. Specifically, employees exhibited more creativity when abusive supervision was at a moderate level rather than at very low or very high levels. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

The relationship between newcomer expectations of job stressors and adjustment to the new job

This study examined the relationship between unrealistic expectations of organizational newcomers regarding job stressors and subsequent adjustment to the new job. Using a sample of 91 new employees, measures of expected stressors (gathered prior to the first day of work) were compared with stressors reported after six months on the job. The study examined the relationship between the accuracy of expected stressors (demands) and three indicators of job adjustment: job satisfaction; job involvement; and distress symptoms. The results provided partial support for the hypothesis that newcomers who underestimate job stressors have more difficulty adjusting on the new job than do newcomers who overestimate job stressors.     

Job insecurity and trust: Uncovering a mechanism linking job insecurity to well-being

Job insecurity has well-documented negative effects for individuals as well as organisations. However, the mechanisms by which job insecurity relates to its outcomes have received less research attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate trust in the organisation as a potential mechanism that may explain why job insecurity relates to two well-documented outcomes: decreased job satisfaction and lowered mental health. These hypotheses were tested in a Swedish longitudinal sample that consists of employees (longitudinal n?=?906) from three organisations, using structural equation modelling. Overall, the results showed support for our hypotheses. Our findings reveal an indirect effect of trust on job satisfaction, regardless of whether the previous levels of job satisfaction were controlled for. With regard to mental health, the indirect effect was only evident when previous levels of mental health were not controlled for. The results of this study contribute to our understanding about the intervening factors in the relationship between job insecurity and outcomes. Moreover, the results might be important for human resources departments and managers when there are indications that employees are worrying about the future of their jobs.     

Is it worth it? Linking perceived high-performance work systems and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of job demands and job resources

The present study utilizes the job demands–resources model and examines the effects of employees’ perceptions of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on emotional exhaustion. For the needs of this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used on a sample of 343 frontline employees in a Greek manufacturing company. The findings do not support the critical arguments regarding HPWS, which suggest that these systems lead to work intensification and emotional exhaustion through increased job demands. In contrast, HPWS was positively related to job resources, although no support was found for a direct and negative relationship with emotional exhaustion. Last but not least, this study calculates HPWS as both a system and bundles of practices and provides useful insights regarding the differences between the two different measurement methods. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications are drawn for improving our understanding of how HPWS influences job demands and resources and employees’ emotional exhaustion.