城市再生视角下历史文化街区改造升级研究——以广州市永庆坊为例

随着城市化的快速发展,新城新区开发建设成为城市扩张的主要方向.相反,老城区的发展问题曾被忽视并逐步陷入衰退.进入新时代,如何促进老城市新活力,实现老城区与新城区双轮驱动,成为亟待研究的课题.地处广州荔湾老城区的恩宁路汇聚西关骑楼建筑的精髓,却一度成为老旧街区衰败的典型.通过微改造,不仅保护了历史环境的原真性,同时促进了文化旅游产业的发展,实现了历史文化街区的再生,走出了一条独特的历史文化街区复兴之路.文章据此进行分析,并从建立多元化参与机制、正确处理历史文化遗存保护和发展的关系、防止侵害消费者权利和公共利益等方面提出了进一步完善历史文化街区复兴的政策建议.     

国内外历史文化街区保护与发展案例分析研究

文化是城市的灵魂,保护城市文化就是在为城市保留特色与发展的根基.作为传统文化的重要载体,历史建筑、历史街区的保护越来越受到城市规划管理者的重视,各级历史文物、历史风貌建筑逐步得到维护与修缮.在以土地换取经济发展、城市更新如火如荼的当下,对历史街区、历史文化环境的保护越来越成为历史文化保护的重点.一、国外经验总结从国外的实践经验来看,历史文化遗产保护主要经历了3个阶段:一是单体建筑的保护,用整修的方式应对建筑的现有功能;二是环境与街区的完整保护;三是历史街区的振兴、功能复兴与经济复兴.     

从重置到重生——“整体性保护理念”指导下的规划实践

历史文化保护区是"具有某一历史时期的传统风貌、民族地方特色的街区、建筑群、小镇、村寨等,是历史文化名城的重要组成部分".历史真实性、风貌完整性、生活真实性是核定历史文化街区的基本标准,也是保护的根本目标.目前,在历史文化街区保护和更新的实践中,由于规划编制者、实际行动者对其不同的理解及各种客观因素造成的影响,各种"保护"的结果大相径庭.重置所带来的五花八门的物质空间保护成果,街区历史真实性、风貌完整性、生活真实性的缺失,以及与之相对应的原封不动的保护所带来的发展停滞,成为街区保护最突出的问题.如何实现保护规划的根本目标,展现历史街区在人文、历史、美学、艺术、经济及交通等方面的综合价值,并最终使其可持续发展,成为当前关注的焦点.     

城市历史街区“地方性”的居民感知调查研究——以广东潮州古城区为例

当前我国许多城市在现代化建设中,忽略了城市的地方特性,割断了城市发展的历史,出现了"千城一面"的现象。解决城市的"特色危机",重点就在于历史文化街区的保护与复兴,其关键就在于城市历史街区的地方性能否得到传承和延续,因此了解和分析作为城市地方性传承主体的地方居民对城市地方性的感知情况就十分必要。文章以广东潮州古城区为例,以抽样问卷调查为手段,调查和分析了潮州古城本地居民对潮州文化及其地方性的感知情况。     

城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划

根据我国现行的政策与法律,能够将历史文化遗产的保护分为历史文化保护街区、文物保护单位以及历史文化保护名城三个层次。该保护方法的应用可以进一步促进历史文化遗产保护工作的顺利进行,同时,也能够对城市发展以及历史文化遗产保护的矛盾加以更好的解决。为此,本文对城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划进行了深入的分析,希望能够对有效保护城市历史文化遗产,促进城市精神文明建立起到一定帮助作用。     

文化商务融合推动街区的复兴与更新——以北京前门大街为例

街区复兴与更新是城市发展中面临的重大问题。前门大街在历史中的繁荣兴盛与文化商务的融合存在密切关系。在街区走向复兴的过程中,文化商务融合仍是重要的支撑性因素,并以以市场为导向的重建或再开发、具有福利色彩的综合整治以及以改变街区核心功能等为融合发展的路径。但由于在街区更新中定位不清晰、商业活动乏力,导致文化与商务的融合出现脱节,制约着街区更新的进程。     

文化复兴背景下的城市社区更新策略研究

文化复兴背景下,城市文化价值日益彰显。社区作为城市文化的基本载体,也必然成为实现城市文化复兴的重要场域。为实现社区层面的文化复兴,充分利用社区资产、统筹考虑发展路径以及关注社区居民精神培育的社区更新策略必不可少。因此,根据当前"文化复兴"背景下强调保护利用文化资产和重视人的发展要求,本文从社区文化资产角度切入,在对既有城市社区更新方法进行梳理的基础上,提出"文化修复,社区修补"的更新策略,并选取合川草花街社区更新作为实施案例,进一步探讨文化与社区的作用机制,分析如何利用社区现有的物质文化、制度文化和精神文化来促进社区修补,以及如何通过社区空间网络修补、治理网络修补和社会网络修补来实现社区文化修复,以期形成较为完善的基于文化资产的城市社区更新策略,实现社区文化复兴。     

对历史街区保护的一些思考

一 我国历史街区保护的历程 我国开展城市历史文化保护工作与其他国家相比比较晚,但这也使得我们充分学习了其他各国的先进经验,具有一个较高的起点。1982年,国务院公布第一批国家历史文化名城的名单,标志着我国历史文化保护工作正式纳入城市发展战略,成为城市总体规划的重要组成部分,而非以前简单的对文物建筑的保护。1986年在国务院公布第二批国家历史文化名城名单的文件中,即已提出“历史文化保护区”这     

城市历史建筑保护对策研究——以粤港为例

随着经济和商业社会的发展,城市开发建设不同程度地蚕食历史建筑,破坏历史街区的整体风貌。历史建筑是人类发展痕迹的见证,一定程度上反映着地域文化。保护历史建筑也是保护地域文化。粤港政府在历史建筑保护工作方面积累了不少经验,通过分析粤港两地历史建筑保护措施,提出对城市历史建筑保护与利用的对策建议。     

“一带一路”背景下历史街区更新的文化保育策略初探——以伊宁市阿依墩街区为例

"一带一路"战略是我国新时期打造合作共赢的经济发展新引擎,其构想和实施所依托的一个重要条件就是沿线国家千百年来文化交融的深厚基础。历史街区作为伊宁这"一带一路"沿线节点城市地方文化遗产中的的重要组成部分,其深厚的文化内涵也成为伊宁市迈向国际融入的前提。针对伊宁市阿依墩历史街区的文化遗存现状,指出其文化风貌消褪、城市肌理被破坏、文化事业和文化产业发展疲软以及民间文化保护力量影响较弱的问题;并借鉴国内外"文化保育"的相关理念,分析其在保护与活化文化遗产,激发公众主动性方面的优势,从文化传承与永续发展、公众参与三个方面提出与"一带一路"战略建设相匹配的文化保育策略。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.