我国高校社会工作专业学生课外能力培养探索

我国社会工作专业是一门新兴的学科,它的发展特别是在学生能力的培养方面还存在不足。本文结合高校社会工作学生能力要求,针对其培养现状,提出了以课外能力方式培养学生专业技能,并通过实践探索总结了该模式的优势和作用,分析其中的不足,对该模式的实施提出了意见。     

社会工作专业学生实务能力的培养与研究

社会工作理论教育经过多年的发展取得了较好的效果,社会工作各个领域的理论体系不断完善,为社会工作实务的发展提供了重要支撑。但由于社会工作实务教育滞后,影响了对社会工作专业学生实务能力的培养。该文主要从社会工作实务课程的设置、社会工作实习、社会工作实习基地的应用、社会工作实务师资、社会工作实验建设等方面来分析社会工作专业学生实务能力培养存在的问题,提出相应对策,以期促进社会工作专业学生实务能力的培养。     

服务学习:社会工作专业能力培养的过程——一次《社会行政》课程教学的实践

社会工作专业的本质属性是"助人"。因此,社会工作专业教育的目标就应以培养学生的助人能力为根本,而实践则是培养学生能力的主要途径。笔者以社会工作专业方法课《社会行政》教学过程中的一次实践为基础,系统总结"服务学习"模式运用在社会工作专业教育过程中的设计思路以及学生在此过程中的能力提升表现,并在此基础上反思了"服务学习"模式运用在社会工作专业教学过程中的注意事项。通过相关的探索和探讨,藉以促进"服务学习"模式与社会工作专业教育更加全面地契合。     

能力建设视角下社会工作专业培养方案的探索性实践——以集美大学社工专业为例

加强社工学生专业能力培养的教学探索与方案设计成为高校社会工作教育普遍关注的焦点。在能力建设的视角下,社会工作专业不仅要培养学生基础性的社会工作实务能力,更要以专业化的"核心能力"为中心,培养学生的差异竞争力。必须坚持高校社工专业能力建设的"差异化"原则,努力建构"本地化"的社工专业能力培养模式。     

职业化背景下社会工作专业“434”实践教学模式构建与实施

随着我国社会转型，社会问题不断增多，催生了社会工作职业的发展。但是与职业化发展要求相比，社会工作专业教育仍然存在着实践教学滞后、实务教学不足等问题，难以满足社会工作职业化发展的需要。因此培养真正符合职业发展需要的社会工作专业人才应采取实践取向的社会工作专业教育。湖南女子学院社会工作专业通过多年的实践探索，遵循认知规律，循序渐进地推进实践教学模式，形成了“434”实践教学模式，即“四个体系”、“三个课堂”、“四个阶段”的内容体系。该模式将理论教学与实践教学有机结合，相辅相成，相互促进，成为培养学生具有实践能力、职业能力与创新能力的一个重要组成部分，较好地推动着专业教育与职业化有效衔接。     

论能力为本的社会工作教育模式构建

社会工作职业化进程的推进对社会工作人才培养提出了新的要求。社会工作专业的实践性和应用性使得社会工作专业教育更加注重大学生能力培养。为了实现这一目标,必须在教育环节构建能力为本的社会工作教育模式。如何构建这一模式,使之真正达到社会工作专业的培养目标,笔者进行了相关的讨论。     

论能力为本的社会工作教育模式构建

社会工作职业化进程的推进对社会工作人才培养提出了新的要求。社会工作专业的实践性和应用性使得社会工作专业教育更加注重大学生能力培养。为了实现这一目标，必须在教育环节构建能力为本的社会工作教育模式。如何构建这一模式，使之真正达到社会工作专业的培养目标，笔者进行了相关的讨论。     

《个案工作》课堂教学模式改革的探索与实践

社会工作专业学生应该具备敏锐的社会洞察力和道德实践能力。为此,必须解决传统教学模式下学生主动性和积极性不高,讲授多、实操少,教学实例不足,课后跟进不足等问题。通过引入理论流派课堂报告、实务案例模拟的教学模式,学生的理论素养和社会观察力增强,实务操作技巧和能力得到了训练,自信心和社会工作专业认同感得以提高。同时也反思了新教学模式的不足并提出了建议。     

社会工作专业实践教学模式的反思与探索

社会工作是一门应用性学科,但是我国现有的专业人才培养方案明显地忽视了实践教学的重要性,这直接导致了专业学生缺乏基本的助人能力,间接上也阻碍着社会工作职业化发展。本文在分析当前专业实践教学模式存在的局限性的基础上,并结合实际,提出一个包含实验、实习和实训在内的"三位一体"模式。     

基于学生需求的社会工作专业课程设置研究——以武汉大学社会工作专业为例

基于社会工作课程设置的基本原则和三大要素，以学生需求为导向，通过对武汉大学社会工作专业培养方案的内容分析以及对社会工作专业本科学生的问卷调查，分析武汉大学社会工作专业在课程设置中存在的问题、不足。在此基础上，借鉴港台社会工作课程设置的先进经验，提出课程设置改革的思路和设想。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Youth‐oriented active labour market policies and economic crisis: Explaining policy effort in Greece and Portugal

The starting point of this study is the implementation of seemingly similar youth‐oriented labour market policies in Greece and Portugal. Both countries have suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their labour market as part of the rescue programmes adopted during the European sovereign debt crisis. Despite convergence in terms of policy trajectories, there is a significant divergence in employment outcomes. In Portugal, youth‐oriented policies were better‐targeted and structured. Their implementation has been more effective and has involved the social partners from the outset of the crisis. In Greece, policy design failures, administrative weaknesses and unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have limited the dynamics of youth‐oriented policies thus increasing youth insecurity. Τhe analysis suggests that convergence in policy content can be compatible with divergence in terms of outcomes.