Professors and Students in China during World WarⅡ:The Political Involvement of Intellectuals during and after the War

There were in the past two main approaches to discussion of the political orientation of the intellectual community and its relations with student unrest in the Republican period, especially on the upsurge of the student movement during the civil war between the Guomindang and the Communist Party of China (CPC) (1945-1949). One was to attribute this to the leadership of the CPC, seeing it as the "second front" opened up by the CPC when the two parties were at war. The other approach was straightforward discussion of how intellectual circles promoted democracy, struggled against autocracy and gradually became estranged from the     

ABSTRACTS

（1）An Introduction of Professor Yuan Fang＇ s Social Work Educational Thought and Practice in Pro- moting Professional Development
Professor Yuan Fang is one of the forerunners in the restoration of social work profession in China and has profound social work educational thought. He defines social work as a professional discipline which should have solid sociology theory foundation and be supported by the social welfare and social security system in responding multiple needs of vulnerable population. Sociology can be viewed as a broader vision of social work. Social welfare and social security system is the institutional base to prac- tice social work and professional social work provides an important way to solve problems of the vul- nerable. He argues that social work should be professionalized and social work education should be closely tied with practical sectors. His thought plays an important role in directing social work＇ s resto- ration and its future development in China.     

SPCIAL ISSUE： MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE COURSE OF URBANIZATION Introduction

The term ＂nongmin gong＂ （migrant workers, or literally, peasant/farmer-workers） was non- existent in any Chinese dictionary before the 1970s, and no equivalent may be found in an English dictionary even today. The seemingly contradictory combination of ＂peasant＂ and ＂worker＂ most accurately expresses the nature and social status of a large group in today＇s Chinese society. Members of this group are industrial workers in term of occupation, yet remain peasants in terms of status： they do not share the same rights as urban residents in the state redistributive system, even though they have ＂washed the mud off their feet,＂ and left their farmland to find employment in cities.     

主持人的话(英文)

Corruption has been a common phenomenon throughout human development rather than something that appears only in certain stages of development in certain countries or societies. Since countries differ in their political,economic and socio-cultural development,the forms in which corruption manifests itself and the extent of its impact on society differ greatly.     

Considerations on the Moral Approach to Problems about Agriculture, the Countryside and Farmers in China

Empirical studies on social sciences arebound to proceed from preconceived values.By the moral approach to problems aboutthe agriculture, countryside and farmers inChina we mean here the ineffaceable per-ception of values dominating relevant discus-sions in the political and academic circles thatthe economic, social and cultural problemsin the countryside are rooted, in the finalanalysis, in the morality, ideology or, insweeping terms, “quality” of some socialgroups. Therefore, the keys to t…     

物业运作：从国家中分离出来的新公共空间——国家权力过度化与社会权利不足之间的张力

This investigation report mainly displays a new public space of property management with the characteristics of civil society, by analyzing a typical case--Qing Shui Yuan. The new public space has already separated from the state and is managed by both the state and the society together. Position-exceeding power of the state and deficient position-stimulated rights of the society result in the tension between the state and the society. Position-exceeding power is a pivotal perspective to interpret the relation between the state and the society.Instead of paying excessive attention to the institutional construction of civil rights, we should focus on how social rights stimulated by institutions and laws are turned into reality.     

From a "Bubble Economy" to a "Bubble Culture

The essence and forms of expression of things in the world are oftennot consistent, and in some cases even run counter to each other. Forexample, mirages in the natural world, and the distorted reflection offorms in the economic, political and cultural life of human society. It isprecisely because of this that all types of sciences have reason to exist. AsKarl Marx said, "All science would be superfluous if the outwardappearance and the essence of things directly coincided. "1Of late, "econo…     

SPECIAL ISSUE： EXAMINING THE DEATH PENALTY IN CHINAIntroduction

The amount of thought given to the death penalty is almost equal to that which the entire field of humanities and social science has expended on life itself, and shows no signs of flagging. The question may be formulated as a purely philosophical one, but it has also drawn the attention of political scientists. Naturally, it is also an important legal issue.Papers presented in this special issue on the death penalty cover both substantive and procedural law. In ＂On the ＇Criterion＇ of Proof in Capital Cases and the Revision of the Code of Criminal Procedure,＂ Professor Wang Minyuan discusses the trial hearing from the perspective of the Criminal Procedure Law, arguing that whether a capital case meets the most rigorous requirements for proof is the basic standard by which its quality should be measured and the key to solving quality problems in capital cases. In ＂The Death Penalty and Human Rights,＂ Professor Chen Zhonglin reflects upon the legitimacy of the death penalty from the perspective of substantive law, and emphasizes the need for a correct understanding of the conditions for application of the death sentence and the suspended death sentence stipulated in the Criminal Law of China.     

英文摘要

（ 1 ）Organizing and Professionalizing： Double Developing for Social Work in China
Social Work in China needs to develop both in organizing and professionalizing. Firstly, social work institutions themselves need to promote in organizing, staff educating, working styles selecting. They are required to find some way to professionalizing and specializing in social work. Secondly, the persons who are the clients of social work are in the state of lowing, marginalization, atomization and helplessness. Contrary to the Western Social Work styles which focus on solving personal problems, China social work should be anxious to organizing the persons, setting up a network for ＂to help then to be helped ＂, we should create a new system of ＂help banks＂, in which people can save their helping when they are active and energetic, and draw help when they are in old age and infirmity.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： DIALOGUE,INTERACTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA- SPECIALIST FORUM ON CHINESE,WESTERN AND MARXIST PHILOSOPHIES：Introduction

In 2003, the first specialist forum on Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies was held in Guilin, Guangxi, under the joint auspices of the Social Sciences in China Press, Soochow University and Guangxi Normal University. The theme of the forum was ＂The Clash of Civilizations and Dialogue among Philosophies in the Context of Globalization.＂ Issues that received a relatively greater share of attention from the philosophical community at the time included the legitimacy of Chinese philosophy, the Chinese translation of core concepts in Western philosophy, and the contemporariness of Marxist ohilosophy.     

曙光初照 岁月耀辽阳

The city of Liaoning was called Xiangping in the Record of History of the late Tang Dynasty (618-907). It used to be the political, economic and cultural center and transport hub as well as a town     

The Historical Story of Liaoyang

The city of Liaoning was called Xiangping in the Record of History of the late Tang Dynasty (618-907). It used to be the political, economic and cultural center and transport hub as well as a town     

ABSTRACTS

（1） The Contract Relationship between the Government and the Agency and Its Reconstruction in So- cial Work Undertaking and Operating Zhang Xuedong In China the government purchased social work service to the social work service agency, which formed a ＂sale＂ contract relationship and occupied the important position in the system of social work undertaking and operating to directly affect the quantity and quality of social work services. At the same time, the contract relationship between the government and the agency faced with four game di- lemmas which were ＂Adverse Selection＂, ＂Moral Hazard＂, ＂Collusion＂, ＂Conspiracy＂,     

On the Basic Characteristics of China’s Classical Management Science

Ever since the pre-Qin period, almost all scholars, thinkers and philosophers in all dynasties have thought about and studied the issue of “how to run the country well” in varying ways and have put forward a vari- ety of different views and theories. We may use a cover-all term for their exploratory work and its intellectual results: “China’s clas- sical management science.” The philosophers and thinkers of the pre-Qin period did not concern themselves with political institutions. They n…     

SPECIAL ISSUE： THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Establishing a dialogue with the Enlightenment spirit has been a constant challenge confronting the intellectual community. A review of human history reveals that whenever social progress comes to a turning point, the topic of Enlightenment will inevitably be raised, giving rise to a new round of heated discussions triggered by doubts, reflections and criticisms in relation to Enlightenment. Today, although Enlightenment and the modem rule of law have not yet been accepted as general social practices, the＇modernization that embodies the Enlightenment spirit and the appeal of the rule of law has actually transcended purely academic boundaries. In a sense, it could be said, ＂modemization＂ has taken root in the minds of the majority of Chinese, epitomizing almost all their expectations and imaginations about life in the future. In the final analysis, re-opening the discussion of enlightenment represents a new attempt to unravel the complex of contradictions within the dual tensions between ancient times and modemity and between China and the West, identify the causes of intemal and external conflicts, explore the humanistic foundation of modem states ruled by law and the true values inherent in the Enlightenment, and discover the significance of these values for contemporary China in theory and practice, in an attempt to pursue a realistic path and find the intellectual and cultural resources for the establishment of a modem state ruled by law.     

The Development of Elementary Education in Rural China from a State-Society Perspective:A Political Science Analysis of Education

The relationships between state and society underwent tremendous changes dur- ing state building from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century in China. The gradual establishment of the so- cialist planned economic system from the 1950s to the 1990s and of market economic system after the 1990s had a great impact on state-society relationships. Overall, in the interactions between state and society the government as a proxy of the state is always active and in a dominant positi…     

SPECIAL ISSUE： CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Introduction

On May 27-28, 2013, the first German-Chinese Academic Forum （Deutsch-Chinesisches Akademisches Forum） was held in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, under the co- sponsorship of the Social Sciences in China Press of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Bonn Academy for Research and Teaching of Practical Politics （Bonner Akademie ftir Forschung und Lehre praktischer Politik） of the University of Bonn. The forum drew together dozens of distinguished scholars from China and Germany, who discussed the topic of ＂Climate Change and Global Governance＂ from multi-disciplitmry perspectives. The participants stated that the issue of climate change and global governance is of international significance, and that given their differences in political systems, cultural traditions, economic development and ideology, governmental and academic exchanges between China and the West are highly valuable. We selected three papers presented to this forum and one research paper from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue to form this special issue ＂Climate Change and Global Governance＂ for our readers.     

Abstracts of Selected Papers

On the Constitute of Philosophy and Social Sciences Innovation Ability Xiong Jin Philosophy and social sciences innovation ability means promotion and development for existing theo- ry and system, which done by the subject of innovation in philosophy and social sciences, to be adapt to the needs of social era and the self - development of the theory. Philosophy and social sciences innovation can be characterized as proposal of new theories development of new methods, finding of new materials etc. Subject of innovation in philosophy and social sciences constitute singer researcher and institution （enterprise and scientific research institutes） and state （government）. So philosophy and social sci- ences innovation ability constitute knowledge transforming ability, personality and moral quality, ideolog- ical concept and consciousness as well as constitution of social system and mechanism.     

Special Issue: preservation and Operation of Cul-tural Heritage

The undertaking of cultural heritage has received increasing attention from all social strata in contemporary China due to both positive and negative factors. Among the positive factors, large-scale land development projects amidst the rapid economic and social advances in China led to the discovery of large quantities of cultural relics