"链接青年":网络时代青年行为解析

当前的网络世界是链接交织的意义世界.随着智能手机、电脑、互联网等工具媒介不断便利,广大青年参与到网络社会的运行和发展中,一个为了达到自身目的,通过微信、微博、抖音等互联网媒介,制作、转载和评价链接的"链接青年"群体日渐形成.对此,有必要厘清"链接青年"的意涵和主要行为类型,反思如何避免"链接青年"受到不良链接内容的利诱和控制,形塑具有正能量的链接行为,强化新时代网络的社会治理.     

青年群体网络行为代际研究

网络化时代,青年是网络参与的主体,其言行在很大程度上会影响网络的舆论动态,同时,网络也在深刻地影响和改变着青年个人的工作、学习和生活,因此,有必要关注青年个人的网络行为及其在网络空间中呈现出来的群体性特征。青年网络行为表现出共性特征:把上网视为生活的一部分;对网络购物表现出积极的态度;网络行为折射出现代生活方式的价值理念变化;认为网络有一定的诱惑力,但不应沉溺其中;认同网络对于人际互动和交流模式的影响。同时青年群体网络行为表现出一定代际差际,在网络应用方向和目的上,"70后"更倾向与实用性的网络工具,而"80后"、"90后"主要以休闲娱乐为主要目的和方向。     

新时代高校"规训"式网络文化育人困境与协同教化机制研究

"规训"式网络文化教育过于强调文化的意识形态建设和政治统治功能,导致青年网络主体生活教化理想被放弃,规范消解教化,经验消解理性,重复消解创新。培养"德才兼备"的新时代网络社会公民,促进其内化和谐网络文化价值观念和行动自觉,是新时代中国特色社会主义网络文化协同教化育人的本真意蕴和价值指向。建构协同教化育人机制,需加强党委、政府、社会、网络社会组织、高校等多元主体协同合作,创设协同教化育人的网络文明礼仪,优化网络传媒的宣传教化机制,建构"社会知识分子"的示范引领机制,培育、强化网络社会组织的育人功能,健全优化高校协同教化育人机制,共同助推新时代网络文化在网络社会中规范化、价值化、主流化,发挥其熏染、陶冶和教化育人功能,使其内化为青年网络主体的文化生活意识、精神存在和行为意志。     

乡村社会治理中的有效参与:青年参与的动力系统研究

青年一代应当在乡村社会治理中发挥更大作用,有关青年如何参与乡村社会治理并实现有效参与成为研究热点。对青年参与乡村社会治理的实证研究发现,年龄问题束缚了青年参与乡村社会治理的行为动力;青年对社会保障水平、公民间信任水平、社会公平公正水平的评价会对青年参与乡村社会治理的行为动力产生赋能效应;接受过高等教育是当代青年的优势之一,对其参与乡村社会治理的行为动力具有一定的促进意义,但若受到生活方面问题的干扰,参与动力则会大幅减弱。要建构青年有效参与乡村社会治理的动力系统,各类社会组织应形成"扎根乡村"的宣传合力、创新"线上+线下"融合化参与方式、完善青年人才引进及配套机制、确保青年社保及公共服务的人性化与持续化供给。     

环境知识、风险感知与青年环境友好行为

基于2013年中国综合社会调查数据,对青年环境友好行为的影响因素的分析发现,环境知识水平和风险感知对青年环境友好行为有积极的影响,但环境知识水平和环境风险感知对青年环境友好行为有积极促进作用,这种作用部分受到社会人口学特征变量的抑制。同时,青年私人领域环境友好行为和青年公共领域环境友好行为的影响因素存在较大差异,青年私人领域环境友好行为受到阅历、经济基础和风险感知的影响,公共领域环境友好行为与"人的现代化"程度有关。     

社会思潮网络传播影响下青年核心价值观认同培育

互联网时代,社会思潮的网络传播日渐活跃,对青年核心价值认同意识的培育形成新的挑战,表现为青年核心价值观认同根基受到侵蚀、青年价值观选择面临更多困惑与彷徨,青年价值表达趋向于功利化和庸俗化。导致青年核心价值观认同障碍的主要诱因是多方面的,从客观方面而言,社会思潮的网络传播具有一定的欺骗性和迷惑性,转型时期社会矛盾郁积引起的价值困惑是重要影响因素。从主观方面而言,在网络信息"充足的悖论"影响和冲击下,青年"从众"和"集体无意识"的盲从心理也是不容忽视的影响因素。在社会思潮的网络传播影响下,实现青年核心价值观认同意识的培育,需要因势利导、多层次构建认同培育体系,其中,掌握青年核心价值观网络话语权是关键,创新青年核心价值观认同培育模式是基础,健全青年核心价值观认同的利益关怀机制是现实要求。     

青年网络趣缘群体聚众行为研究

随着互联网技术迅速发展,网络给人们的生活带来巨大改变。这给我国网民尤其是青年网民在虚拟网络世界的交流方式带来了由"引导者中心"到"个人中心"的变革,从而产生了链式、轮式和全通道式等多种聚合行为。由于青年网络趣缘群体的价值选择的差异导致了他们行为的转向:由"以传者为中心"转向"以受众为中心";由"线性传播"转向群体成员间的"交互传播";由"一对一"的交流方式转向"多用户间"的交流;由关注"交互结果"转向"交互过程"。与之相对应,对青年网络趣缘群体的引导提出了更高的要求。     

论网络语境下当代青年的爱国主义教育

随着互联网时代的到来,网络语境下当代青年的爱国主义教育缺失日渐凸显,在部分青年群体中存在潜在的网络极端化爱国主义舆论倾向。分析发现:从问题的出现或偶然性事件的刺激到多数个体发表的评价性意见,再到"群体极化"现象的出现,最终极端化爱国主义舆论在互联网上广泛传播是网络极端化爱国主义舆论的基本形成机制。如此网络极端化爱国主义舆论不可避免地对国家、社会、制度和青年自身产生一系列的危害。网络语境下当代青年的爱国主义引导是新时期爱国主义教育的重要课题:应该正视青年的爱国情感,加强爱国主义教育;立足祖国长远利益,培养青年的理性爱国情感;增强舆论引导,减少青年非理性情绪的蔓延,对青年的网络极端化爱国主义舆论进行积极有效的引导。     

消费主义视野下的大学生网络贷款现象分析

网络贷款平台的发展给大学生消费和生活带来极大便利的同时,也产生了许多社会问题。过往研究通常把这些问题的原因归咎于金融监管的不严,其实,消费主义在中国的蔓延容易导致青年陷入消费主义的陷阱,消费欲望的日益膨胀才是导致贷款消费产生社会问题的根本原因,而网络贷款平台的出现只不过为大学生实现自己的消费主义幻想提供了手段。因此,必须改变过于注重对青年进行合格"生产者"教育的传统模式,强化合格"消费者"教育,引导青年一代树立正确的消费观念和行为。     

“教友圈”:青年白领基督徒的交际方式

宗教能否有效地创造社会网络,近几年来成为学界探讨的热点话题。对上海青年白领基督徒的研究发现,基督教对青年白领群体的社会网络,也就是"教友圈"的形成具有促进作用。频繁的小众化聚会是"教友圈"形成的有利条件;各类宗教活动是"教友圈"内互动的主要方式;网络平台是"教友圈"内部沟通的手段。此外,"教友圈"还有拓展其他关系网络的重要作用。     

Généalogie et évolution de la catégorie de « cadre » en Italie

Conceptions of the social world in industrialized countries use categories worked out in the course of a nation's history. In this respect, the notion of cadre for referring to both a concrete social group and a statistical, cognitive category turns out to be a French invention. From a societal perspective, why are there no cadres in Italy? Why is this sort of catchall category for referring to persons in the middle range of employees missing there? Although the notion crystallized through the French experience does not fit the Italian situation, we can inquire into it by examining the history of two close but distinct socioeconomic categories: quadri and dirigenti. A constructivist approach is taken to examining several aspects of the emergence of these categories in Italian society: the place of the institutions that defend and objectify them as a socioeconomic category; the expectations and aspirations that motivate them; the impact of historical and symbolical events in making these categories; and the role of sociologists who persist in analyzing Italian cadres by using quite different theoretical and ideological presuppositions.     

Comment confronter mobilité « subjective » et mobilité « objective » ?

The methods for analyzing objective social mobility and subjective mobility as perceived by individuals are reviewed in the case of two surveys: Trois générations by the French Old-Age Fund (CNAV, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse) and Formation qualification professionnelle by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). These two surveys have formulated subjective mobility in quite different ways, but this observation also holds for objective mobility, which, for the purpose of comparison with respondents' subjective evaluations, is defined using specific procedures. A method is proposed for contrasting these two sorts of mobility based on classical mobility tables. When the latter are designed so as to cross three variables (social origins, destinations and average scores of subjective mobility), the spontaneous sociology that can be collectively detected in the assessments made by respondents turns out to be not very different from the scholarly sociology of social categories produced by sociologists. After showing that subjective and objective mobility vary coherently in relation to each other, an additional hypothesis is advanced to account for some discrepancies.     

Contenir le marché : la transition de la criée à la cotation électronique à la Bourse de Paris

Open outcry was fully replaced at the Paris Bourse by an automated trade execution system (CAC) in the late 1980s. In this article, we focus on the circumstances that made this transition possible. We analyze the diverse compromises (both social and technical) that the officials and engineers in charge of the innovation process constructed in order to stabilize the new market device. They had to carefully inscribe into the new system the interests of the actors at stake: bankers and stockbrokers. This case study contributes to economic sociology by drawing a relation between a technical device and the interests set around the “modernization” of a market.     

Le modèle de « l'État-stratège » : genèse d'une forme organisationnelle dans l'administration française

Since the 1990s, a new organisational form of the administrative system in France has been steadily redefining relations between central administrations and local state units. Labelled “the steering state” or the “managerial state”, this new paradigm hinges on separating the strategic functions of steering and controlling the state from the operational functions of execution and policy implementation. The making of this new form of state organization involves two parallel processes: political and cognitive. For one thing, the adoption of concrete measures for “government at distance” results from power struggles between three major ministries (Home Office, Budget and Civil Service). For another, a new legitimate “categorization of the state” is being formed in the major committees involved in the reform process of the 1990s; it is borne by top civil servants and inspired by the ideas of New Public Management. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions.     

La précarité de l'emploi au service de la prospérité du fast-food

The fast food industry offers an exception to the traditional rule that steady employment and employee qualifications are necessary for business to thrive. Since this industry sprang up in the United States during the 1950s, its major firms have offered unskilled jobs to a young, devoted labor force in transit between fast-food establishments. As a consequence, the itineraries of incoming new hires and outgoing employees crisscross. Though causing a few operational problems, this high turnover rate among wage-earners is good for business. The major (just-in-time) principle of sales and production requires an exceptionally high commitment. Only new, young team-members correspond to the profile defined in these eateries.     

Les « intermittents » de l'Église. Modalités d'emploi des personnels laïcs dans le catholicisme français

Given the shortage of priests, bishops have assigned permanent religious duties to several thousand laypersons, a majority of them women. Many of these persons have employment contracts. The employment conditions of this new type of permanent personnel tend to be unfavorable: assignments for a few years despite contracts of unlimited duration, part-time work and a nearly minimum wage. Various factors account for this fragility: the dire financial straits of French dioceses; ecclesiastical authorities, determination to present the clergy as the only fully legitimate, permanent personnel in the Church; and the attitude of laypersons who seem to be satisfied with their lot. The efforts to institutionalize this work have encountered difficulties with respect to both the labor code and the unexpected effects produced internally by the advocacy of a “culture of limited duration commitment”.     

La carrière des artistes et les transformations de la production musicale. Relations de travail et relation au travail dans le monde des musiques rap et électroniques

The interaction between the artistic and managerial poles of the world formed by the persons specialized in rap and electronic music in France is described as well as musicians' occupational culture. The aesthetic and organizational characteristics of these musical genres are shown to influence the division of labour in recording and production. Owing to the combination of artistic and managerial activities typical of these musicians, occupational networks are fluid. This blurring of roles is especially visible in the recording labels used from home studios. Technical changes in the “tools” for this work have led these artists to become professionally involved in management and advertising. Cultural motivations also explain this involvement: the critical stance adopted by the “cultures” of rap, electro, techno, etc., tends to make obsolete the image of the artist as a creator who avoids the engineering aspects of the commercial distribution of his recordings. In contrast, rap and electronic musicians' careers develop through participation in many and various projects, which nurtures their artistic production, improves the quality of their groups and enhances their reputations. Accepting more short-term professional engagements supposedly increases their control over their career profiles. However these musicians voice concerns, in particular, about bonds between the individual and the groups whom they cross (and who cross them) — concerns that can be extended to other types de workers caught up in an occupational world organized “by project”.     

La restructuration des PMI à Saint-Étienne après la crise : traces du passé et limites de l'intégration horizontale

On the basis of a survey conducted in Saint-Étienne, France, as part of a comparative European project on “modes of governance” in local economies (which, thus, takes into account the level of small and medium-sized industry and the middle level of the territory), questions are raised about the goods and services that enable these industries to be competitive with big firms or holdings. For these industries, solutions developed two decades ago for the machine tool industry, mechanics and metal-working are still significant resources. The momentum detected in a small number of fields can lead to an increasing specialization and horizontal integration that favor a more competitive growth. How to know whether this momentum results from still (temporarily) active remnants of the past or whether it is evidence of a collective impetus that can stimulate new economic growth?     

Les usages nationaux d'une science « globale » : La diffusion de nouveaux paradigmes économiques comme stratégie hégémonique et enjeu domestique dans les champs nationaux de reproduction des élites d'État

This paper analyses the production and international diffusion of different forms of State expertise, such as economics, from a threefold perspective: hegemonic strategies structured around the Cold War, professional rivalries between lawyers and economists within the field of state power and the internationalisation of the academic circuits for the reproduction of national elites. In order to understand the relatively low (or delayed) introduction of neo-liberal paradigm in Asia, it starts by highlighting the authoritarian genesis of these new fields of economic expertise, as an instrument for the developmental policies launched by the Cold War dictatures, such as Suharto in Indonesia or Marcos in the Philippinnes. Then, by focusing on the cases of India and South Corea, it analyses how the processes of institutionnalisation and consolidation of these new professional fields was structured around an international division of scientific labour, in which the elite US campuses control both the production of theoretical innovation and the academic networks for the reproduction of the elites of the periphery.