基于二层规划的供应链多阶响应周期决策模型

优化和缩短供应链多阶响应周期是供应链快速响应市场需求,缩短产品上市周期的有 效途径, 也是供应链管理总体目标之一. 全文首先阐明了供应链多阶响应周期的概念,以核心 企业作为协调中心,建立了供应链整体计划决策机制,并运用二层规划方法对供应链多阶响应 周期进行了建模研究. 最后用实际调研的数据作为一个算例对模型进行了数值演算和验证. 结 果表明,该模型能够协调管理供应链整体利益和节点企业局部利益、合理分配生产时间与物流 时间,为供应链优化和缩短多阶响应周期提供了一个有效的决策工具.     

缩短供应链多阶响应周期的物流模式研究

为了满足最终客户的多样化、及时化的需求,供应链的物流模式成了缩短供应链多阶响应周期的一个重要的研究领域。对比传统的物流模式,快速响应的供应链物流模式的主要改进点在制造商及其以下的节点企业的物流上。四种物流模式对于缩短供应链最终用户的响应周期有极大的意义和作用,它们是:基于制造商的直销模式、以批发商为改进点的零售支持型批发物流和区域零售支持型综合批发物流,以及以零售商为切入点的产销联盟的物流模式,并且它们各自不同的适用范围取决于供应链的运作特点和行业特征。     

供应链快速响应时间研究分析

供应链企业必须最大限度的缩短响应周期,提高整个供应链系统的反应速度和动作效率,才能满足顾客的需求。本文主要研究在现有的供应链管理发展的基础上,如何使用快速响应方法来改善供应链响应周期。     

时间价格敏感型需求下的供应链决策模式研究

在定制产品的市场竞争中,需求不仅对价格敏感,对时间也十分敏感.本文以一个两阶段的供应链系统为背景,研究了分散决策和集中决策两种模式下的MTO供应链决策问题.分别分析了两种模式下的决策过程,进行了优化求解.并结合一个汽车行业定制供应链实例进行了数值分析,证明了对于时间价格敏感型需求下的供应链决策问题,集中决策模式能够实现更大的供应链整体收益.这些研究工作为供应链企业在时间价格敏感型市场上竞争提供了有效的决策工具和方法.     

随机需求下基于Stackelberg博弈的供应链价格折扣策略研究

从供应链成员之间的Stackelberg博弈本质联系出发,设定在随机需求状态时科学合理的价格折扣策略.以EOQ模型为依托,引入联合成本与分散决策下的系统各方成本之和两个相互独立的概念,引入成本节约额,对内涵式价格折扣协调环境下的数量协调与时间协调进行了Stackelberg分析;引入协调因子这一新术语,对外延式价格折扣协调后的利益再分配进行了Stackelberg博弈分析.得出以下结论与传统的供应链上下游企业分散决策相比,在联合决策环境下,基于数量的协调和基于时间的协调可以给供应链收益带来显著的变化,而基于时间的协调策略可以使整个供应链绩效得到更大的改进,而且通过建立供应链收益分配机制可以使供应链上下游企业都能从协调策略中受益.     

考虑技术研发和物流配送的医药供应链组合契约协调模型研究

两票制政策的实施使医药供应链管理模式发生了重大变化,也使供应链成员的决策更加复杂。为了确保药品高效、及时、持续的供应,本文研究由一个医药生产企业、一个医药流通企业和一个药店/医院组成的三级供应链的医药定价与协调问题。考虑市场需求受医药生产企业的技术研发和医药流通企业的物流配送影响的情况下,以合作决策的市场价格和最优利润为基准,采用收益共享+数量折扣组合契约作为激励机制,建立了分散决策下供应链组合契约协调模型,探究技术研发和物流配送能力对医药供应链及成员的影响。通过算例分析发现：实施收益共享+数量折扣组合契约策略可以有效的优化和协调医药供应链,能够激励医药生产企业努力提升技术研发水平,激励医药流通企业努力提升物流水平,实现整个医药供应链的帕累托最优。     

随机需求下基于价格折扣的两种供应链协调策略

本文研究一个多周期运行的一对多供应链系统,提出了两种基于价格折扣的供应链协调策略:数量协调与时间协调。研究结果表明,与传统的分散决策系统相比,数量协调可使供应链整体绩效得以改进,在此基础上的时间协调可进一步改进绩效。论文还分别给出了两种协调机制的实现方法。最后进行了数值验证。     

面向短生命周期产品的供应链订购批量与交货期协调决策模型

考虑了由一个分销商和制造商构成的单一短生命周期产品的两级供应链系统,当市场需求和制造商的交货期都是随机变化时,建立了分散决策和协调决策模式下交货期与批量的决策模型,解析分析了两种决策模式下供应链的优化决策;解析分析和算例分析表明,双方合作不仅可以缩短产品交货期、增加供应链系统的整体收益,而且还能增加产品的市场供给量。     

期权定价市场化情况下逆向主导型供应链协调机制研究

本文主要研究期权定价市场化情况下的逆向主导型供应链协调机制,建立了期权定价市场化情况下的供应链决策机制模型.通过模型分析了供应链双方的决策机制和决策过程,计算出使供应链整体利润优化化的下游企业定价策略和采购决策及供应商的产能安排策略.     

响应时间不确定下的交货期相关定价研究

供应链企业生产和物流过程中的众多随机因素及信息不对称,带来供应链企业的市场订单响应时间的不确定性,引起实际交货期的延误,如何通过交货期相关定价有效地显示其市场响应能力对于供应链企业竞争来说是极其关键的。本文首先根据供应链企业自身和市场对供应链企业实际响应能力评估差异的分析,构建了时间敏感需求下的供应链企业交货期相关定价模型,并对模型的最优性进行了分析。通过数值算例,探讨了市场对供应链企业响应能力具有不同的评价概率时,供应链企业的交货期相关定价最优决策策略,进而分析了模型参数对最优决策的影响。分析结论可以为供应链企业竞争中的交货期相关定价决策提供有益的指导。     

多级供应链系统成本分析随机网络模型及算法研究

供应链成本管理是企业战略管理的核心组成部分。为研究多级供应链网络系统的成本组成及其分布特征、分析各节点企业的成本管理对多级供应链网络系统的影响、找到供应链系统成本管理中的薄弱环节和关键企业,本文构建了多级供应链系统成本的随机网络分析模型。首先研究了模型的结构性质特征,给出成本分布特征的解析算法。然后扩展模型,分别从系统成本类型构成(生产成本、库存成本和物流成本)和系统对企业成本波动的灵敏度两个角度深入研究多级供应链网络成本问题。数值算例分析结果说明了多级供应链网络系统成本分析模型和相关算法的有效性和实用性。     

Performance analysis of serial supply chain networks considering system disruptions

The supply chain networks could be very fragile in global environment due to unexpected events such as emergencies, normal disruptions and industrial accidents. The supply chain members may lose their production capacities temporarily, which might have significant impacts on the performance of the whole supply chain network. This article proposes a discrete time model to characterise the unreliable production capacity in serial supply chain networks. Based on the proposed model, the exact probability distributions are available for the performance analysis of a single-stage system in the lost sales scenario. The iterative methods are developed to derive the approximate performance measures for single-stage systems in the backorder scenario and multi-stage systems in both the lost sales and backorder scenarios. The proposed methods are verified through a series of numerical experiments. The analysis results suggest that the performance of the supply chain network suffers more from the downstream-stage unreliability than the upstream-stage unreliability. Furthermore, some application examples are illustrated to show the possible solutions for practical problems.     

Environmental and social supply chain management sustainability practices: construct development and measurement

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise and operationalise the concept of supply chain management sustainability practices. Based on a multi-stage procedure involving a literature review, expert Q-sort and pre-test process, pilot test and survey of 156 supply chain directors and managers in Ireland, we develop a multidimensional conceptualisation and measure of social and environmental supply chain management sustainability practices. The research findings show theoretically sound constructs based on four underlying sustainable supply chain management practices: monitoring, implementing systems, new product and process development and strategy redefinition. A two-factor model is then identified as the most reliable: comprising process-based and market-based practices.     

基于整数乘子的多阶段多顾客供应链库存协调模型的改进研究

首先研究了Khouja(2003)[1]提出的三种多阶段多顾客供应链库存协调机制及其模型。在分析其第三种模型(厂商2的整数次幂)的解的遗漏性与实际应用的苛刻条件基础上,提出了基于整数乘子的多阶段多顾客供应链库存改进模型,经过数值实证了改进模型能得到更优结果。研究提出的改进模型更具有普适性,适应供应链精细化运营与管理的要求。     

Tactical coordination in a multi-location and multi-stage operations structure: A model and a pharmaceutical company case

In this paper, we look at the internal supply chain of an internationally operating firm characterized by a multi-location and multi-stage operations structure. We address problems at three levels, namely the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Our approach goes beyond the operational literature, and focuses primarily on the tactical level. We specify a model and a case that capture strategic and tactical issues and relate the tactical issues to organizational issues. We simulate coordination in different organizational forms pertaining to the ‘tactical control’ of the firm. Our analysis suggests that a functionally organized multi-location and multi-stage operations structure using traditional planning will not work. The choice is between a strongly IT-based, centralized organization or a more decentralized organization using transfer prices as the coordination device.     

An oracle-based algorithm for robust planning of production routing problems in closed-loop supply chains of beverage glass bottles

The demand for glass bottles is exhibiting an upward trend over time. The manufacturing of glass bottles is costlier in terms of time and resources and is associated with a higher level of heat generation and environmental pollution compared to recycling processes. In response to the aforementioned challenges, companies that use glass bottles need to implement strategies to manage their reverse supply chains in conjunction with their traditional supply chains, as the economic and environmental benefits of returned products are unquestionable. Closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) integrate forward and reverse flows of products and information. This integration helps companies to have a broader view of the whole chain. Despite these advantages, managing CLSCs can be challenging as they are exposed to many uncertainties regarding supply and demand processes, travel times, and quantity/quality of returned products.In this study, we consider the production planning, inventory management, and vehicle routing decisions of a CLSC of beverage glass bottles. We propose an MILP model and rely on a multi-stage adjustable robust optimization (ARO) formulation to deal with the randomness in both the demand for filled bottles and the requests for pickups of empty bottles. We develop an exact oracle-based algorithm to solve the ARO problem and propose a heuristic search algorithm to reduce the solution time. Our numerical experiments not only show the incompetency of the customary method, namely the affine decision rule approach, but also illustrate how our algorithms can solve the small-size problems and significantly improve the quality of the obtained solution for large problems. Furthermore, our numerical results show that robust plans tend to be sparse, meaning the routes are chosen so that empty bottles are transported to production sites in such a way that fewer new bottles need to be ordered. Thus, robust planning makes the CLSCs more environmentally friendly.     

供应链应收账款融资的决策分析与价值研究

根据供应链应收账款融资交易模型,建立了包含供应商、下游厂商和金融机构的多阶段供应链决策模型,研究了包含和不包含融资情况下相关企业的决策问题,得到供应链中各参与方在各阶段的期望收益,并通过数值分析研究了供应链应收账款融资对供应链成员和整个供应链的价值.分析发现:没有其他融资的情况下,中小供应商有可能出现生产不连续的情况,而供应链应收账款融资能够使其进行连续生产,并在快速增长的市场中能在较短的周期内达到最优产量;应收账款融资也能使厂商得到连续供货,收益持续增长,供应商的初始现金越多,厂商的期望收益越高;当供应商的实力较弱时,金融机构能够得到较大融资总收益,当供应商的实力达到一定程度后,金融机构得到的总收益呈下降趋势.供应链应收账款融资对中小供应商、厂商和金融机构都具有很大的应用价值.     

基于CPFR的分销商可替代协同补货模型

针对CPFR对多级供应链库存决策和可替代性对订货概率的约束问题,给出了考虑订单分割情况下分销商库存持有成本等五种平均成本的分销商可替代协同补货策略。采用主体的建模和仿真(ABMS)方法,构建了三种情景下基于CPFR的零售商再订货点和分销商再订货点之间的协同补货模型,分析了分销商可替代性对协同补货的影响。采用REPAST模拟软件对基于ABMS模型建立的目标函数进行了数值仿真分析,其结果表明所构建的模型是有效的。     

时间约束下不对称信息鲜活农产品供应链应对突发事件协调模型

针对一个由供应商和一个零售商构成的鲜活农产品供应链,在考虑损耗和新鲜度的影响下,假设产品的市场需求为零售价格的非线性函数,零售商成本为私有信息,研究如何协调供应链应对突发事件。 首先,给出了对称信息下供应链协调模型;然后,研究了不对称信息下集权式与分权式供应链的协调机制;再次,研究了在突发事件引起零售商成本分布函数扰动情况下,供应链的最优应对策略。 研究表明,供应链的最优生产计划、最优批发价格和最优零售价格均具有一定的鲁棒性,当突发事件造成零售商期望成本在一定范围内发生扰动时,三者可以保持不变。最后,通过数值仿真验证了相关结论。