对提升我国民营企业竞争力的思考

改革开放以来 ,我国民营企业呈现出快速发展态势 ,民营企业在利益机制、市场反映、技术创新等方面具有竞争优势 ,而在资金筹措、人力资源、企业组织构建等方面劣势明显。民营企业应努力拓展融资渠道、完善组织构建、发展规模经济、实施错位竞争 ,不断提升自身的综合竞争力。     

培育大型零售企业的核心竞争力探析

中国加入WTO后,零售市场国内竞争国际化已是不争的事实。培育大型零售企业的核心竞争力是十分重要而迫切的问题。对于以服务为主,极少生产新产品的零售企业来说,应从确立全局性、长远性的战略思维入手,制定企业发展战略,利用"价值链"进行企业优势和能力的整合,构建企业的营利模式,培育大型零售企业的核心竞争力。     

产业自生竞争力理论评估体系研究

产业自生竞争力是比较优势与竞争优势等理论的结合。产业资源配置能力、微观企业的赢利能力、产业组织效率及市场影响力等因素是构建产业自生竞争力评价指标体系的重要方面。对于黑龙江省而言,应通过提高自主创新能力及深化产业集群等措施来提升产业自生竞争力。     

日本企业的对华竞争新战略

随着中国经济的发展和企业竞争力的不断提升,中日两国企业之间的竞争日益激烈。为了应对来自中国企业的竞争,日本企业已经逐步放弃了产品差异化战略,正在积极采取对外投资重点的转移、与中国企业开展战略合作、实施商品加速更新战略和加强知识产权保护等竞争战略。     

世界主要国家竞争力战略的比较与启示

制定科学合理的国家竞争战略、努力提升国家竞争能力已经成为各国发展的必然选择和关键所在。综观世界主要国家竞争力战略,无论是发达国家还是新兴市场国家都特别注重改善市场和创业环境,重视科技创新,强调经济体内外部的一致性、稳定性和协同性。在未来发展中,我国应当从提高企业自主创新能力、实施人才强国战略、加快转变发展方式、扩大国际交流合作和改革创新公共制度等五个方面着手,正确选择符合我国国情的国家竞争力提升战略。     

基于FAHP的企业知识竞争力综合评价

中药企业知识竞争力是一种过程能力,影响中药企业知识竞争力可归纳为知识资源禀赋和知识可持续发展能力两个方面.企业知识竞争力是建立在战略性资源基础上,企业的资源禀赋与积累是企业获得竞争力的关键和企业取得长期竞争优势的决定因素.资源禀赋主要包括人力资源与知识资源.企业能否获得强的知识竞争力,还要取决于对存量技术知识充分学习与共享,又要善于整合、创新与应用知识并将其迅速有效地转化为知识可持续发展能力.知识可持续发展能力包括技术创新能力、市场能力和企业的成长能力.构建了企业知识竞争力综合评价体系,对我国上市中药企业的企业知识竞争力的发展情况进行实证分析,得出中药企业知识竞争力发展独特优势与潜力,并对其存在的问题进行成因分析并对其趋势做出评价.     

企业集群与区域核心竞争力:内涵与关系

本文从回顾国内外"集群"理论研究出发对企业集群的内涵与特征进行了理论总结,结合竞争优势和核心竞争力的研究,提出了由企业集群、区域优势产业构筑区域核心竞争力的理论框架.在实践层面,通过浙江专业化产业区内企业集群的实证分析,对这一框架进行了说明.     

广东电力建设行业的竞争战略选择

本文阐述广东电力施工企业面临的外部形势、市场前景及行业竞争状况,在分析企业内部条件的基础上,提出其应采取的竞争战略。本文认为:实施相关多元化发展战略,以成本领先提升核心业务竞争力,以差异化发展专业子公司,是广东电力施工企业在新形势下竞争战略的合理选择。     

基于周期性特征的企业核心竞争力管理战略

核心竞争力是企业获取和维持竞争优势的关键因素。核心竞争力的周期性特点要求企业不仅要具备核心竞争力,而且不能满足于既有的核心竞争力,还必须不断地更新完善现有的核心竞争力,培育和发展新的核心竞争力,竞争力组合与识别矩阵、核心竞争力——产品组合矩阵则是企业识别与管理核心竞争力有效战略管理工具。     

论构造我国投资银行核心竞争力的策略和途径

我国投资银行如何塑造自身的核心竞争力,从而形成竞争优势,获得更大的发展,是摆在每一家投资银行面前的课题。文章首先总结和介绍了国际、国内理论界对投资银行核心竞争力内涵的诠释,分析了核心竞争力的影响要素,然后根据不同的投资银行的内外优势及其匹配程度,探讨了投资银行核心竞争力培育的内部管理型战略和外部交易型战略。在此基础上,结合我国投资银行的体制结构、治理结构、内部控制、风险管理等特点,从完善法人治理结构、培育诚信企业文化、风险评估和风险管理、业务创新和管理创新、实施差异化战略等方面提出了培育我国投资银行核心竞争力的途径和策略选择。     

“受艾滋病影响的失依儿童”抗逆力特质解读——基于河南省某地阳光家园的循证研究

"受艾滋病影响的失依儿童"的抗逆力在生成方面存在多元差异性,即同是面临父母因艾滋病去世,不同的个体所表现出的应对困境的能力存在差异;在养成中存在向光性扭曲,即在与环境匹配的生长过程中出现自我被动适应的发展扭曲;在实践中存在理想状况剥离,即在国家、政府以及社会机构和个人多个方面支持下,补偿性质的福利包办无偿给孩子们提供必需品、教育资源和工作机会,致使孩子们产生福利依赖心理,不愿意也没有机会真正的走入社会,失去了社会化的良好时机,导致"受艾滋病影响的失依儿童"进入社会后适应和竞争能力的弱化。揭示其抗逆力特质,剖析其形成机制的内外因素,才能为以后的系统干预提供理论与循证依据。     

School-level policies and the efficiency and equity trade-off in education

This paper identifies the relationship between pupils’ Family Background, their mathematics scores, and school-level policies, using the 2012 Programme of International Student Assessment for Italy and multilevel modelling. School-level policies have played a leading role in recent school reforms in many countries, but there is no straightforward empirical evidence for how they affect pupils’ outcomes and the equality of educational outcomes. Our findings show that that only some school policies intensify the Family Background Effect – (educational equity) and affect student outcomes (educational efficiency) simultaneously. We find that competitive schools are able to screen students by selecting higher socio-economic status parents, which mainly harms equity without having much effect on efficiency. There are some policies which allow some trade-off between aforementioned objectives, mainly policies related to management schools.     

What underlies the recent growth comeback in developing economies?

We find that the frequency of growth takeoffs in developing economies has risen markedly in the past two decades, with recent takeoffs lasting longer than those prior to the 1990s. Also, unlike takeoffs prior to the 1990s, developing economies in recent takeoffs experienced an improvement in economic policies, with lower post-takeoff debt and inflation; more competitive real exchange rates; and stronger structural reforms and institutions. These conditions have tended to be associated in the literature as conducive to sustaining strong growth. We also find that the chances of starting a takeoff in the 2000s was triple that before the 1990s, with domestic conditions accounting for most of the increase. Thus, if developing economies improve their economic policies and sustain them forward, they are more likely to jumpstart takeoffs and avoid the reversals in economic fortunes that affected many developing economies in the past.     

走出企业国际化的误区

中国企业国际化已经成为不可逆转的历史潮流,但学术界和企业界在企业国际化的真正内涵、企业如何进行国际化等问题上,还存在不少认识上的误区。我国已经进入WTO后过渡期,企业国际化的经济背景发生了深刻的变化,一大批中国企业国际化的步伐加快,迅速跻身全球化竞争的行列。但在具体实践过程中,我国企业国际化面对贸易争端不断、缺少国际化的品牌、对外投资规模小、海外并购并非一帆风顺等难题。中国企业应该具有全球化的视野,走出企业国际化方面的认识误区,在全球产业链中寻找自己合适的位置,培养独特的核心竞争力,认真按国际规则办事,走出一条适合自身特点的国际化道路。     

北京零售业对外开放的进程、格局及发展趋势分析

随着北京零售业对外开放的进程日益加快 ,新的竞争格局也随之产生 ;北京零售业在全球化背景下 ,坚持主动、积极、渐进式开放 ,开放的区域更加广泛 ,开放的内容和形式也趋于丰富与多样化。面对新的开放趋势 ,内资零售企业必须通过整合资源增强实力 ,培育自己的核心竞争力。政府则应致力于创造良好的投资与发展环境 ,保障对外开放的顺畅进行     

论发挥我国中小企业的国际竞争优势

随着改革开放的深入,为数众多的中小企业迅速成长,在外经贸活动中相当活跃,具有一定的目标竞争力。我国中小企业取得众多劳动密集型产品出口优势,形成了具有特色的产业集群,初步具备了国际化的发展能力。但是,我国中小企业发展还受到管理能力不足,融资难的制约,整体研发能力不强等因素。进一步提升我国中小企业国际竞争力应采取相应的对策。     

Regulated Competition in Social Health Insurance: A Three-Country Comparison

The objectives guiding healthcare reforms in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands were to increase efficiency and consumer satisfaction in the provision of healthcare services. This paper reviews the incentives for and instruments of competition for consumers, sickness funds and healthcare providers in these three countries which are necessary to fulfil these objectives. Incentives for risk selection of sickness funds are high in Germany and Switzerland while they are low in the Netherlands. Incentives for consumer choice are also highest in Germany and Switzerland. In all three countries sickness funds have only a few instruments of competition. The effects of competition have been disappointing so far. The objectives of competitive healthcare reforms can be achieved only if incentives for and instruments of competition consistently support competitive behaviour on the part of market actors.     

Trade and innovation policies: Coexistence and spillovers

The debate over trade’s role in growth and inequality in recent years seems to center on the question of whether the gains from trade are worth the disruption from necessary adjustments. In particular static gains from trade for advanced economies are generally estimated to be small, while empirical evidence around growing employment and inequality challenges suggest trade’s role may be larger than previously thought, though still only one of many contributing factors. The focus on static gains though likely understates substantially the dynamic gains, as trade’s role in spurring faster economic growth, in both developed and developing countries through competitive and innovative forces. The dynamic, competition and innovation angle suggests a need for industrial policies to be revisited and examine how spillovers play out in the global economy. At the same time significant technological disruption is occurring through digital technology, big data, and machine learning/AI techniques that often require advanced capabilities and have significant competition implications. In recent COVID-19 pandemic policy responses governments have dramatically increased spending and liquidity to support stressed firms and households and encouraged many countries to consider strategic efforts to build certain domestic capabilities with the aim of reducing dependence on trade for emergency related goods and services. This paper provides insights on the specific role of innovation policies, and they differ from and are similar to traditional industrial policies, and what that might mean for future trade rules.     

高等学校核心竞争力研究

核心竞争力是高等学校竞争优势之源,高等学校只有对其核心竞争力进行准确识别,通过构建科学的评价指标体系进行评价,才能发现核心竞争的战略环节,并对其进行培育,使其形成竞争优势。要从准确进行目标市场定位和加强学科建设等方面,采取对策,培育和提升高等学校的核心竞争力,使之在市场竞争中获得优势,实现可持续发展。     

跨国资本与中国中产阶级的生产:以在华跨国公司中方高端劳动力为例

本文认为,在跨国资本的作用下,中国形成了三位一体金字塔式的劳动力市场结构。以新自由主义意识形态为基础,跨国公司巨大的资本优势建构了高端劳动力市场的过度市场化和高端劳动力的碎片化。在华跨国公司高端劳动力人员与公司的权威控制关系受到后现代资本主义生产模式的影响,在任务管理取向下,高端劳动力人员超强劳动,且因内部劳动力市场的激励效应而呈现甘愿性顺从的倾向;此外,高端劳动力人员依靠自身的专业技术资格与竞争能力发展出积极的职业生涯策略。跨国资本在建构中国分层的劳动力市场的同时,也对中国社会结构的重组造成影响,产生了新的阶层--中产阶级。