发展远程职业技术培训势在必行

本文主要介绍中国远程教育的形成与发展，浅析远程职业技术培训的优势和存在问题，并根据存在问题提出通过利用信息技术等解决的建议。     

教学改革与范式理论

教学改革是当前技工学校面临的一个重要课题。我国的职业技术教育从７０年代恢复以来，一直在不断地进行改革，探索我国职业技术教育教学的路子。早期的职业技术教育基本沿用了普教教学法；后来结合职业技术培训特点，提出要以生产实习教学为主；８０年代末又先后引进“双...     

关于职业技术培训学校实施素质教育的几点思考

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,生产力水平的不断提高,新时代对劳动者的素质要求越来越高,素质教育要求越来越迫切,素质教育的地位越来越重要.造就新一代劳动大军和提高广大在职劳动者的素质,已成为职业技术教育面临的一项十分重大的战略任务,而这一任务的完成主要依靠发展职业技术教育,然而大多数职业技术培训学校并不十分注重提高学生的综合素质,往往是以技能训练为主,理论知识为辅.因此,大力推行素质教育是职业技术培训学校提高办学质量的重要手段,是"中国制造"大背景下市场对职业技术培训学校提出的新要求、新课题.     

美国职业技术培训立法研究

随着科学技术的不断进步,新的知识技能不断扩展,现代社会合格的劳动者既要有良好的文化水平,也要有精湛的职业技术.美国十分重视职业技术培训,颁布了许多职业技术培训法案.     

江西技师学院

江西技师学院享有"金牌蓝领摇篮"之美誉,是江西省人力资源和社会保障厅直属的职业技术院校。2011年8月被人社部教育培训中心、西安交通大学正式列为现代制造技术培训基地,是全     

城乡统筹是解决“三农”问题的根本

十六大报告根据我国经济和社会发展的阶段性特点,立足我国国情和农村实际,提出了一个重大思路,把解决"三农"问题摆在了国民经济和社会发展的重要位置,并着重指出解决"三农"问题是全面建设小康社会的重大任务。解决"三农"问题,必须跳出传统的就农业论农业、就农村论农村的局限,从战略高度统筹城乡社会经济发展,这才是解决"三农"问题的方向。     

推行“双元制”要结合国情

推行“双元制”要结合国情董文波德国职业技术培训发展基金会的托罗佛博士，不久前到石家庄市劳动技工学校和石家庄市纺机厂考察推行德国“双元制”的情况，井介绍了德国的一些做法。笔者感到我国当前试行“双元制”中出现的一些问题和德国曾经经历过的问题相似，如果能够...     

试论司法类警官院校人才培养模式的自我改革

司法类警官职业院校具有高职院校人才培养的共同目标,又体现鲜明的行业性,突出政法人才政治性、法律性、教育性和强制性等职业特征。目前我国司法类警官职业院校人才培养模式存在诸多问题,各院校在自身定位、管理模式、课程设置、教学内容、教育教学方法等方面暴露出一些弊端。为解决存在的问题,从明确目标、准确定位、改革人才培养模式、创新实训模式和建设"双师教学团队"等方面进行了思考。     

浅论教学片制作的特点和技法

浅论教学片制作的特点和技法汤文经中国劳动出版社率先在全国劳动系统组织制作、出版、发行音像教材，给方兴未艾的我国职业技术教育与职业岗位培训带来了新的、现代化的教学手段，其意义是深远的。经过多年的开发和建设，劳动系统已拍摄出数量可观的职业技术培训的电视教...     

高职院校职业指导工作现状分析及对策

2015年,我国高校毕业生人数创历史新高。在严峻的就业形势下,大学生"就业难"和用人单位"用工荒"问题受到了社会的广泛关注。以服务就业为导向、以培养技术技能性人才为目标的高职教育则更应做好职业指导工作。笔者分析了高职院校职业指导存在的问题,提出解决对策,以期发挥职业指导的积极作用。     

农民工参加企业培训的影响因素——基于社会交换理论的实证研究

农民工的职业培训,是中国在产业升级的过程中应对结构性失业问题的关键。本次研究以社会交换理论为基本的理论视角,利用上海、深圳和天津等10个城市的问卷调查数据,探讨农民工参加企业职业培训的影响因素。Logistic回归分析结果表明:农民工是否参加过企业组织的培训,与他们的受教育程度、年龄、工作更换次数、专业技术资格、劳动合同签订、月收入和行业类别存在显著相关。依据社会交换理论,利润生成机制的行业差异,劳动者忠诚的重要性程度,以及劳动者将培训技能进行转化的程度和预期时间长短,影响了企业提供职业培训的初始动机及其风险评估,可能导致了上述现象的发生。     

Intergenerational effects of further vocational training in Germany

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the influence of unemployed parents’ further vocational training on their children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities. We focus on households receiving means-tested benefits in Germany and investigate whether parents’ further vocational training helps avoid an intergenerational transmission of unemployment. Parents’ further vocational training can affect children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities directly, for instance by raising the value attributed to education and training within the family. Indirect effects via parents’ improved employment opportunities are possible as well. The sample consists of adolescents who were 14–17 years old when their parents participated in a further vocational training programme. We evaluate apprenticeship and employment outcomes for the young adults at ages 17–23 using entropy balancing methods on the basis of rich large-scale register data. Our findings indicate significantly positive effects of parents’ further vocational training on children’s apprenticeship enrolment but non-significant or negative effects on children’s regular employment at young ages. Moreover, mediation analysis gives evidence that these effects are partly mediated via an increase in parents’ own employment opportunities. Overall, our analyses indicate that parents’ further vocational training improves the qualifications of the next generation as well.     

提高经济欠发达地区农科专业人才培养质量的建议

学产研合作教育是高校培养适应经济和社会发展需要的高素质人才的重要途径。以河北北方学院农口专业产学研合作模式为研究对象,对目前农业人才培养的现状进行了分析,从"双师型"教师队伍的建设、教学内容与方式改革,强化实践教学环节,全面提升学生的创新能力和就业能力;利用学校专业优势,加强校企合作,提升科研能力及成果转化等方面探索了适合学校实际和区域经济发展的学产研合作教育模式。     

Navigating employability from the bottom up

ABSTRACT

Research focusing on young people’s career trajectories has emphasised ‘graduate employability’ with much less attention being afforded to the employability strategies used by disadvantaged youth, including the social, political and labour market contexts in which these emerge. This study explores how young people enrolled in entry-level, vocational training courses in Australia attempt to enhance their employability. Interviews explored perceptions of individual employability, the strategies utilised to improve employability, and the economic, personal and employment consequences of these strategies. Three main employability strategies were identified: gaining qualifications to meet employment expectations; securing work experience in a competitive labour market; and addressing economic and social challenges to secure and sustain employment. The study reveals how the dominant narratives of employability in education and employment policy are misaligned with the economic, social and labour market challenges faced by disadvantaged job-seekers with respect to notions of career and ‘fit’ between the individual and the labour market. Policy responses need to take account of the diverse ‘bottom up’ experiences and circumstances of different cohorts of young people.     

国外农民培训模式及对我国新型农民培养的启示

国外农民培训模式大致分为三种,即东亚模式、西欧模式、北美模式。这三种模式各有千秋,是世界农民培训的典型代表。分析了三种模式的经验,并结合当前我国农民培养的现实,总结出了对我国新型农民培养的借鉴价值。     

相对贫困的理论与政策聚焦 ——兼论建立我国相对贫困的治理体系

贫困一直是世界各国首要解决的社会问题。本文基于我国全面进入小康社会,需要建立解决相对贫困长效机制这一战略转换背景,从相对贫困与绝对贫困关系入手,围绕相对贫困内涵的争论,聚焦我国相对贫困的表现形式,并基于我国国情,提出建立相对贫困治理体系的建议。在机制上,充分发挥基本公共服务的作用,建立相对贫困人口发展的基础性机制;形成"政府主导、社会参与、市场促进"的贫困治理的整体性机制;建立干预代际贫困传递的阻断性机制。在具体措施上,围绕低收入家庭,要建立生活负担减免制度;健全以生产帮扶和就业帮扶为主的专项援助制度;按需救助,对低收入户开展"救助会诊";建立相对贫困家庭陪伴式服务制度。     

A longitudinal evaluation of government-sponsored job skills training and basic employment services among U.S. baby boomers with economic disadvantages

Job skills training is a cost-effective strategy for improving employment among individuals who have low income and employment barriers, but few U.S. government-sponsored employment program participants have received such training. To better understand long-term gains from job skills training, this study compared employment and earnings trajectories between program participants who received job skills training and those who received basic services only. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we estimated 33-year employment and earnings trajectories among U.S. baby-boomer cohorts while accounting for baseline group heterogeneity using inverse propensity score weighting. We found increases in employment rates over the life course, especially among Black women. Job skills training also increased earnings by up to 69.6 % compared to basic services only. Despite the long-term gains in employment and earnings, job skills training participation is not sufficient to address gender as well as racial and ethnic gaps in full-time employment. Findings reinforce the importance of incorporating job skills training as an essential service element of government-sponsored employment programs to improve long-term labor market outcomes among Americans with economic disadvantages.     

Social policy and transitions to training and work for disabled young people in the United Kingdom: neo-liberalism for better and for worse?

Although New Labour distanced itself from the neo-liberal ‘underclass’ discourses of its predecessors, its approach to disabled young people maintained key aspects of neo-liberalism, particularly an emphasis on individuals’ human capital, aspirations and self-investments as causes of and solutions to disabled young people’s unemployment. This is also apparent in early Coalition government statements. Since the 1990s, policies have focused on providing individually-tailored advice, developing individuals’ skills, and motivating appropriate self-investment. We examine recent evidence that highlights a number of problems with this focus. Notably, it entails a simplistic and individualised notion of ‘barriers’ to employment that cannot account for the complex impacts of disablement and inequality; moves towards open-market models of training and work support create perverse incentives that divert support away from those most in need; employment success is dependent on unpredictable local opportunity structures; and the focus on paid employment undermines other social contributions made by disabled young people.     

Developing Employment Opportunities for Care Leavers

This article describes an action research project carried out in North West England that aimed to assist Children’s Services Departments and Care Trusts in developing their strategies for supporting care leavers into employment and training. The study found a range of models and approaches that can be utilised to develop local and regional partnerships offering employment and training opportunities designed to meet the needs of care leavers. Relevant questions about the extent to which such opportunities should be ring‐fenced or targeted on particular fields of employment are identified. © 2010 The Author(s). Children & Society © 2010 National Children’s Bureau.     

文化建设与创新是职业教育改革发展的必然之道

中国的职业教育历来拥有"使命文化"、"精神文化"和"观念文化"等文化"基因"。然而,在现实社会中,中国职业教育却遭遇着使命模糊、精神缺少、观念偏颇等文化困境。为了实现职业教育的发展,必须从文化角度去改革职业教育,创新职业教育的观念文化、制度文化以及其人才培养模式。