一种异方差模型的两阶段估计

在异方差线性回归模型中,当模型误差项的协方差阵未知时,对异方差模型进行估计目前还没有比较好的方法。基于此,提出一种异方差模型的两阶段估计—基于异方差一致协方差阵估计,该方法将异方差一致协方差阵估计HC5m和广义最小二乘估计法结合起来,综合使用全部样本的信息,并对异方差模型进行估计。通过大量的蒙特卡洛数值模拟和实证分析,结果表明该方法具有一定的可行性和有效性。     

应用Bootstrap模拟技术的VaR计算与分析研究

比较估计VaR的方差一协方差方法、历史模拟法和MonteCarlo模拟方法，提出估计VaR的新模型和新方法。新模型把随机收益率分解成刻画收益率二阶矩特征的部分和刻画随机均值的正态部分。新方法使用Bootstrap模拟技术和MonteCarlo模拟技术计算VaR。实证分析表明，新方法计算的VaR在传统方法计算的VaR参考范围内。     

Box-Cox变换下联合均值与方差模型的极大似然估计

在提出Box-Cox变换下联合均值与方差模型的基础上,研究了该模型参数的估计问题.同时利用截面极大似然估计方法对变换参数λ进行估计,并对均值模型和方差模型的参数进行极大似然估计.通过随机模拟和实例研究,结果表明该模型和方法是有效和可行的.     

大数据背景下网络调查样本的随机森林倾向得分模型推断研究

随着大数据与互联网技术的迅猛发展,网络调查的应用越来越广泛。本文提出网络调查样本的随机森林倾向得分模型推断方法,通过构建若干棵分类决策树组成随机森林,对网络调查样本单元的倾向得分进行估计,从而实现对总体的推断。模拟分析和实证研究结果表明:基于随机森林倾向得分模型的总体均值估计的相对偏差、方差与均方误差均比基于Logistic倾向得分模型的总体均值估计的相对偏差、方差与均方误差小,提出的方法估计效果更好。     

人口普查遗漏的组合式估计方法

以人口普查标准时点上的人口总体(全国、全国以下各行政区)为研究对象,研究如何利用对总体登记的普查人口名单和覆盖调查人口名单构造的组合式遗漏估计量估计人口普查遗漏⁽(1))人口数。目前各国政府统计部门在人口普查遗漏估计中主要使用单重遗漏估计量,但该方法未包括同时遗漏于这两份调查人口名单的双重遗漏人口,低估了总体普查遗漏人口数。组合式遗漏估计量除了包括单重遗漏人口外,还包括了双重遗漏人口,避免了单重遗漏估计量的缺陷。采取抽样估计和数理模型相结合的方法研究单重遗漏估计量、双重遗漏估计量和组合式遗漏估计量,理论和数据分析结果表明：组合式遗漏估计量在抽样估计精度和遗漏人口数估计上优于单重遗漏估计量,尤其是在分析双重遗漏人口特征和改进未来人口普查登记工作等方面;在使用刀切法近似计算总体的组合式遗漏估计量的抽样方差时,不能忽视等概率人口层之间的协方差,否则可能低估或高估其抽样方差;单重遗漏估计量和组合式遗漏估计量属于有偏估计量,要使用均方误差比较其估计精度。本文创新之处在于,利用原始数据全面演示了单重遗漏估计量、双重遗漏估计量和组合式遗漏估计量及其抽样方差估计量等的详细计算过程...     

异方差模型参数估计的有效性研究

本文运用随机模拟方法,对误差序列异方差模型中加权最小二乘（GLS）估计的有效性进行研究。研究表明,GLS估计的有效性与异方差强度有关,当异方差强度较强时,GLS估计比普通最小二乘（OLS）估计有效;当异方差强度较弱时,GLS估计不如OLS估计有效。     

刀切法在参数估计中的应用

参数估计的方法是多种多样的,刀切法则是近几年新兴的一种参数估计方法.本文仅就刀切法在比率估计中的应用作一介绍.     

深成指GPD分布尾部拟合与VaR、ES风险度量

文章首先使用GARCH模型对深成指对数收益率时间序列的自相关和异方差特性进行弱化,之后运用POT方法对GARCH模型所得的残差序列进行拟合,使用极大似然方法估计了GPD分布各参数,进一步计算出收益率序列的VaR和ES值,通过后验测试比较各种估计方法优劣。     

网络访问固定样本调查的统计推断研究

如何解决网络访问固定样本调查的统计推断问题,是大数据背景下网络调查面临的严重挑战。针对此问题,提出将网络访问固定样本的调查样本与概率样本结合,利用倾向得分逆加权和加权组调整构造伪权数来估计目标总体,进一步采用基于有放回概率抽样的Vwr方法、基于广义回归估计的Vgreg方法与Jackknife方法来估计方差,并比较不同方法估计的效果。研究表明:无论概率样本的样本量较大还是较小,本研究所提出的总体均值估计方法效果较好,并且在方差估计中Jackknife方法的估计效果最好。     

多边价格指数中的价格异方差问题与CPD法的改进

CPD法是国际比较项目（ICP）中应用的一种重要的多边价格比较方法,多边价格比较方法的可靠性直接影响ICP公布的各国购买力平价数据的可信度。本文从理论上系统地分析了CPD法中存在的价格异方差问题,引入一种消除异方差的WLS估计方法。然后以2011年ICP居民实际消费支出各大类商品的价格数据为例,实证说明WLS估计的CPD法能显著提高各国购买力平价数据的可靠性;相对而言,存在异方差的CPD法会系统性高估发展中国家的居民实际消费支出水平。     

The Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariables

In this paper the Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariates is introduced. Its strong consistency is established under mild conditions. Several applications of the estimator are discussed.     

A note on unbiasedness in ratio estimation

The method of ratio estimation for estimating the population mean ? of a characteristic y when we have auxillary information on a characteristic x highly correlated with y, consists in getting an estimator of the population ratio R = ?/X? and then multiplying this estimator by the known population mean X?. Though efficient, ratio estimators are in general biased and in this article we review some of the unbiased ratio estimators and discuss a method of constructing them. Next we present the Jackknife technique for reducing bias and show how the generalized Jackknife could be interpreted by the same method.     

Uncertainty estimation in heterogeneous capture–recapture count data

The Conway–Maxwell–Poisson estimator is considered in this paper as the population size estimator. The benefit of using the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution is that it includes the Bernoulli, the Geometric and the Poisson distributions as special cases and, furthermore, allows for heterogeneity. Little emphasis is often placed on the variability associated with the population size estimate. This paper provides a deep and extensive comparison of bootstrap methods in the capture–recapture setting. It deals with the classical bootstrap approach using the true population size, the true bootstrap, and the classical bootstrap using the observed sample size, the reduced bootstrap. Furthermore, the imputed bootstrap, as well as approximating forms in terms of standard errors and confidence intervals for the population size, under the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution, have been investigated and discussed. These methods are illustrated in a simulation study and in benchmark real data examples.     

Density Estimation in Several Populations With Uncertain Population Membership

We devise methods to estimate probability density functions of several populations using observations with uncertain population membership, meaning from which population an observation comes is unknown. The probability of an observation being sampled from any given population can be calculated. We develop general estimation procedures and bandwidth selection methods for our setting. We establish large-sample properties and study finite-sample performance using simulation studies. We illustrate our methods with data from a nutrition study.     

Estimating likelihoods for spatio-temporal models using importance sampling

This paper describes how importance sampling can be applied to estimate likelihoods for spatio-temporal stochastic models of epidemics in plant populations, where observations consist of the set of diseased individuals at two or more distinct times. Likelihood computation is problematic because of the inherent lack of independence of the status of individuals in the population whenever disease transmission is distance-dependent. The methods of this paper overcome this by partitioning the population into a number of sectors and then attempting to take account of this dependence within each sector, while neglecting that between-sectors. Application to both simulated and real epidemic data sets show that the techniques perform well in comparison with existing approaches. Moreover, the results confirm the validity of likelihood estimates obtained elsewhere using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.     

基尼加权回归分析：概念、方法及应用

普通最小二乘法是进行回归分析最常用的基本方法,但该方法要求满足若干经典假设,对于小样本或在与收入相关回归分析的参数估计中易受奇异值、高收入群体的影响。本文试图利用基尼加权回归弥补以上不足。基尼加权回归可分为参数方法与非参数方法两类,参数方法基于样本残差的基尼平均差最小原则对参数进行估计;非参数方法则是直接由两点间的斜率加权得到。基尼加权回归分析可以进行参数假设检验并定义拟合优度,其中的假设检验在实际应用中采用Jackknife重抽样方法估计方差。文中提出的样本拓展基尼平均差算法,弥补了现有算法对样本数据只能提供近似计算的不足,极大简化相应的计算公式。利用我国2015年省域截面数据、1994至2015年总量时间序列数据分别讨论入境旅游收入对收入基尼系数的影响,发现使用基尼加权回归的结果不仅符合理论预期,而且可以通过不平等厌恶参数的变化反映入境旅游收入对不同群体收入公平性的影响。     

The Third-Order Bias of Nonlinear Estimators

The third-order bias of nonlinear estimators is derived and illustrated using a variety of estimators popular in applied econometrics. A simulation using the exponential regression model indicates that the third-order analytical correction reduces bias substantially compared to higher-order bootstrap and Jackknife corrections, particularly in very small samples.     

基于STLS模型的空气质量生态价值估算——以云南省为例

文章扩展了条件价值评估方法在中国省域空气质量生态价值评估中的应用,以云南省为研究对象进行空气质量生态价值估算。为提高估计结果的可靠性,在Tobit模型估计时采用对称修剪最小二乘法;同时,考虑到个体效应,首次将AQI数据作为控制变量进行模型估计。研究结果表明,2016年云南省空气质量生态价值为550.91亿元;家庭月均收入、是否曾受空气质量影响因素对支付意愿的影响显著;教育程度、健康状况、家庭月均收入、是否曾受空气质量影响、是否为云南省常住人口因素对支付意愿金额具有显著性影响。     

Biostatistical genetics and genetic epidemiology

It is well-known that when ranked set sampling (RSS) scheme is employed to estimate the mean of a population, it is more efficient than simple random sampling (SRS) with the same sample size. One can use a RSS analog of SRS regression estimator to estimate the population mean of Y using its concomitant variable X when they are linearly related. Unfortunately, the variance of this estimate cannot be evaluated unless the distribution of X is known. We investigate the use of resampling methods to establish confidence intervals for the regression estimation of the population mean. Simulation studies show that the proposed methods perform well in a variety of situations when the assumption of linearity holds, and decently well under mild non-linearity.