试论我国连锁经营发展存在的问题及其对策

<正>连锁经营作为一种现代化的商业经营模式和组织形式,是继百货商店、超级市场之后商业流通领域的第三次革命,已成为零售业的一种主导业态。自20世纪90年代初引入中国以来至今已有10多年的发展历程,虽起步较晚,但发展却     

农民集体所有建设用地流转的创新模式分析与评价

农民集体所有建设用地是农民土地财产权的重要组成部分。推行集体建设用地流转,有利于正确处理国家和农民之间的利益关系,提高土地利用效率。目前,在各种各样的土地制度创新中出现了如下可以加以借鉴的三种“模式”。通过分析这些模式,可以增加我们对农民集体所有建设用地流转问题的认识。本文将对我国三种农村建设用地流转模式作一个分析和评价。一、苏州模式(“苏州式流转”)“苏州式流转”是农民集体所有存量建设用地使用权流转模式的一种简略概括。苏州市集体土地使用权的流转发轫于20世纪90年代初,它与苏州乡镇企业的发展、企业经营机…     

一个菜农的公司化生存

上个世纪80年代，家庭联产．承包责任制打破了人民公社体制，农村经营模式从合作社回到一家一户分散经营。 30年后的今天，在中国最大的蔬菜种植基地——寿光，农户们又开始抱团经营农产品。通过“公司＋合作社＋农户”的运营模式，一方面经营主体高度分散，另一方面农产品购销等环节的组织化程度又高度集约化。     

农业产业化经营的新模式研究

农业产业化经营解决分散的农户适应市场、进入市场的问题，是经济结构战略性调整的难点。农业产业化经营自上世纪90年代初被提出以来，已形成多种较为成熟的经营模式，但随着农村经济体制改革不断深入，对农业产业化的经营方式也提出了更为广泛的要求，农业产业化的模式也在不断发展创新之中。     

促进乡镇企业健康发展之管见

乡镇企业经过上世纪80年代的迅猛增长和90 年代后期以来的发展滞缓,正逐步转入科学发展阶段。在全面建设小康社会,着力解决“三农”问题的过程中,乡镇企业必将凭借自己持续、健康、快速、协调的发展,成为增加农民收入、建设社会主义新农村的重要力量。     

新时期乡镇企业发展策略选择

进入20世纪90年代中期以后,乡镇企业自身矛盾日渐凸现,发展速度持续回落,经济效益不断下滑,竞争能力日益减弱。究其原因,主要是在一些关键环节上受阻。因此,要确保乡镇企业在未来的发展进程中持续、稳定、健康发展,必须抓住影响乡镇企业发展的根本问题,选择合适的发展策略,有的放矢,实现重点突破。     

苏南乡村精英流向城市现象考察——江苏扬中的个案调查

20世纪90年代中期以来由于受中国国内经济增长速度放慢、农业连续丰收后出现的农产品价格持续下跌、乡镇企业效益普遍不佳等因素的影响，中国农村日益暴露出一些严峻的现实问题。在这种情况下有关转型期农村社会性质的研究成为一门“显学”，社会学、人类学、法     

家族式企业发展演化的经济学分析

据有关统计,目前在中国大陆的非公有制经济中,家族式经营的企业至少占到了90%以上。正是在这样的背景下,我国家族式企业未来发展问题也开始引起人们的普遍关注。目前我国对家族式企业的理论研究主要集中在定性分析的层面,本文尝试从定量的角度,借助经济学原理,对家族式企业经营模式、成长路径和演化规律进行研究。家族企业发展演化的定量分析假设为便于研究,首先给予以下假设:1.每个业主都有战略经营的企业家才能和企业家的特点,并假设战略活动都是成功的战略活动。2.企业规模的扩张和战略经营活动(S)成指数关系,也即:M∝eS。企业规模的扩…     

现阶段乡镇企业发展的障碍分析

目前,中国乡镇企业正面临着体制转轨、经济转型、买方市场形成和市场竞争更加激烈的考验和挑战,依靠总量扩展、传统的粗放式经营的发展空间也正逐渐缩小。随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,随着企业规模的扩大,一些在乡镇企业发展初期未被关注的问题逐渐暴露出来,有些问题已成为乡镇企业进一步发展的极大障碍。因此,正确分析乡镇企业运营发展的障碍并采取有效措施,是乡镇企业由简单的量的扩张转向质的提高的必要前提。乡镇企业发展现状目前,乡镇企业总体上保持协调稳定的发展态势,但我们必须要分析其中存在的问题,防微杜渐,为乡镇企业…     

对乡镇企业参与农业产业化经营和充当龙头企业的战略思考

参与农业产业化过程是实现乡镇企业“二次创业”的重要途径乡镇企业与“三农”有着密不可分的血肉联系,是农业产业的延伸。农业为大多数乡镇企业的发展提供了成长空间和新的增长点。乡镇企业要第二次创业,必须以农村、农业为立足点,以当地资源为依托,以市场为导向,发展特色经[(\323\252)(\243\254)]促进农业产业化。围绕农业产业化经营,实现乡镇企业二次创[(\322\265)(\243\254)]是乡镇企业进一步发展的重要思路。1.乡镇企业参与农业产业化过程具有重大的战略意义。农业产业化是中国农业现代化的必经之[(\302\267)(\243\254)]农业经济如果不…     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹，城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市，2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望，然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意，没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义，每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题，把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

建设项目不同实施阶段的交通影响分析

介绍国内进行交通影响分析所采用的方法和研究范围,评述在建设项目规划阶段和设计阶段的交通影响分析至少应涉及的内容和深度。     

An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of Italian Version of CPGI

The aim of this study was to adapt to the Italian context a very commonly used international instrument to detect problem gambling, the canadian problem gambling index (CPGI), and assess its psychometric properties. Cross-cultural adaptation of CPGI was performed in several steps and the questionnaire was administered as a survey among Italian general population (n = 5,292). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.87 and can be considered to be highly reliable. Construct validity was assessed first by means of a principal component analysis and then by means of confirmatory factor analysis, showing that only one factor, problem gambling, was extracted from the CPGI questionnaire (an eigenvalues of 4,684 with percentage of variance 52 %). As far as convergent validity is concerned, CPGI was compared with Lie/Bet questionnaire, a two-item screening tool for detecting problem gamblers, and with both depression and stress scales. A short form DSM-IV CIDI questionnaire was used for depression and VRS scale, a rating scale, was used for rapid stress evaluation. A strong convergent validity with these instruments was found and these findings are consistent with past research on problem gambling, where another way to confirm the validity is to determine the extent to which it correlates with other qualities or measures known to be directly related to problem gambling. In sum, despite the lack of a direct comparison with a classic gold-standard such as DSM-IV, the Italian version of CPGI exhibits good psychometric properties and can be used among the Italian general population to identify at-risk problem gamblers.