市场化改革是否促进了广州市污水处理行业效率的提升?

2003年,广州市实施了污水处理行业的市场化改革。市场化改革实践已经13年了,它是否促进了广州市污水处理行业效率的提升?本文采用数据包络分析法对2006-2014年广州和41个城市的污水处理行业全要素生产率变化进行测算,对2014年广州和41个城市的污水处理行业效率进行测算。本文的研究结果发现:市场化改革确实促进了广州市污水处理行业全要素生产率的提高;广州市污水处理行业的全要素生产率变化主要来源于效率变化和技术变化;目前,广州市污水处理行业的行业效率并不高,在42个城市中排名18位。根据研究结论,本文提出以下政策建议:提高管网完善度和厂网适配性,提高行业的竞争程度,增强地方政府对行业的规制能力,增加对地方政府规制能力的再监督。     

政府对市政公用行业监管方式改革研究

正市政公用行业是城市政府管理的,为城镇居民提供必需产品或普遍服务的行业,主要包括供水、排水、污水处理、供气、供热、公共交通、垃圾处理以及园林绿化等。从广义上看,城市基础设施和市政工程建设也属于这个范畴。市政公用行业的自然垄断性质     

城市公用事业民营化:从发达国家经验论我国的政府定位与融资策略

城市公用事业指城市供水、供气、供热、污水处理、垃圾处理、城市公共交通以及市政基础设施和市政工程等。长期以来．城市公用事业与电力、电信、民航、铁路、邮政等行业一起被列为国有垄断行业．政企不分、垄断经营、效率低下、国家财政负担沉重等问题是这些行业的共同特征。经济发展要求城市公用事业的高效率运行．市场化改革势在必行．发达国家的一些成功经验可为我们提供参考和借鉴。     

我国典型城市污水处理的政策取向研究

一、城市污水处理的现状与问题（一）城市污水处理及配套设施仍然不足 新世纪以来．我国城市污水处理设施的建设速度迅猛。据统计，2000年底．全国设市的663个城市中有310个建有污水处理设施．共有污水处理厂427座．年污水处理量113．6亿立方米。截至2009年3月底。全国设市的城市、县及部分重点建制镇共建成污水处理厂1590座．处理能力达9204万立方米/日。     

用BOT方式组建自来水厂初探(上)

介绍上海市供水现状和规划、BOT的基本理论、ROT方式的正负面效应、供我国自来水行业选择的2种ROT管理模式。     

小型化、分散式处理城市污水的对策分析

目前全国集中式污水处理系统占了上风,几乎所有城市中都采用集中式污水处理方式。然而,在可持续发展观念潜移默化影响下,不少学者和业内人士正在反思集中式污水处理这种末端处理在回收污水中资源与能源方面存在的不足,继而将研发和应用的兴趣转向小型化、分散式处理,特别是源头控制。在污水处理领域,微小型化、"分散式"处理方式是大势所趋。     

城市污水处理产业改革的重点探讨与分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,环境问题日益引起人们的普遍关注;随着人民生活水平的提高,对良好居住环境建设的呼声也越来越高.在城市市政公用事业的发展中,污水处理在我国起步较晚,其发展远远滞后于我国的经济发展和城市化进程,目前的污水处理能力既不能满足经济、社会可持续发展的要求,也不能满足城市居民的现状生活需求.加快城市污水处理产业的改革与发展应是当前城市市政公用事业一项重点工作.     

西部城市公用事业运营模式改革的路径选择——以西部三省(陕西、甘肃、四川)为例

一、引言 城市公用事业是城市为市民提供基础设施和公共服务的重要内容,包括城市供水、供电、供热、供气、公共交通、排水、污水处理、道路桥梁、市政设施、市容卫生、垃圾处理和城市绿化等方面.城市公用事业是城市经济社会发展的载体,直接关系到社会的公共利益和可持续发展.     

BOT模式下的高校学生公寓火灾隐患与对策

BOT模式(即建设-经营-转让)是近年来高校社会化进程中的热点,在高校建设中得到了较好的推广和应用。通过分析BOT模式的特点,结合新时期高校学生公寓火灾隐患问题,剖析BOT模式下学生公寓火灾隐患的现状,探索增强消防意识、演练培训和财力投入、建立信息化消防系统等促进BOT模式下学生公寓消防安全的可行性对策。     

城市公用事业市场化进程中的规制路径变迁

分析国外城市公用事业市场化进程中的规制改革路径,梳理合同规制在城市公用事业规制中的明显优势,并结合我国城市公用事业市场化方式的特点和所暴露的问题,提出在我国城市公用事业规制改革中尝试实施合同规制。     

Effect of urbanization on surface water chemistry in south-central Texas

The use of state factors can adequately describe the biogeochemistry and geochemistry of relatively undisturbed surface waters. Watersheds with increasing proportions of urban and suburban land use, particularly in sub-tropical, semi-arid and arid urban areas, that utilize irrigation for turfgrass and landscaping may have a low flow urban signature that relates to the source water used by municipal water suppliers. We examined thirteen watersheds; four with waste water treatment plants (24–67% urbanization), four rural (< 30% urbanization) and five urban (> 30% urbanization) in a humid sub-tropical oak savannah in south-central Texas. Three of our urban and one of our rural watersheds displayed the signature of municipal tap water. Three out of four watersheds with waste water treatment plants displayed the signature of treated sewage effluent. We suggest as a result of this study that the chemistry of municipal tap water particularly that with high sodium and bicarbonate, used in urban watersheds for irrigating turfgrass and landscapes may have detrimental effects on base flow stream water quality after it has interacted with watershed soils.     

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT APPROACHES TO SERVICE DELIVERY: AN ANALYSIS FROM A TRANSACTIONS COST PERSPECTIVE

Municipal governments are less likely to contract out for service delivery if citizen preferences for the service are heterogeneous. This conclusion is based on an analysis that extends to the public sector the empirical industrial organization literature on transaction costs and the "make or buy" decision faced by private firms. Service delivery practices for sixty-three municipal services are examined. The findings are consistent with the proposition that the cost for writing and monitoring contracts may be an important consideration in municipal service delivery approach and that bureaucratic supply may not be as inefficient as some previous studies indicate.     

The professional role of social work in a market environment

One argument often heard in garnering support for the reorganisation of the welfare state in the Netherlands is that the safety net which it was intended to form has become something of a hammock, whereas a genuine safety net ought to act more like a trampoline. Nowadays sometimes also known as the activating welfare state, it aims to reduce apathetic response and increase the participation of its citizens in society. More and more, social workers are enlisted to help achieve these goals. Activation, however, is also associated with the introduction of a market environment in the social sector.

In 1992, the management of the social work organisation in The Hague concluded a controversial agreement with the municipal social services. Under this contract, clients referred to the social work organisation by the municipal social services would be made eligible for regular jobs on the labour market. The clients who were referred had obligations of their own: their benefits would be reduced if they did not cooperate. The social work organisation guaranteed contractually a success rate of 60% within a pre-determined period. For this ‘product’, the municipal social services paid a fixed amount of money each year.

The article describes the professional manner in which the social workers in The Hague dealt with the contract.     

一种适合小城镇污水处理的生态工艺

该文综述了国内小城镇污水处理的现状及存在的问题，分析了小城镇污水处理的特点，介绍了一种适合于小城镇污水处理的厌氧水解——高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池组合新工艺。     

计算机信息化建设在污水处理厂日常运营管理中的运用

该文以某污水处理企业为例,介绍了因计算机生产运行管理软件的引进,使得企业管理层与生产一线建立了信息化联系平台,避免了信息传递的"断层",充分体现了计算机在污水处理厂运行管理中的重要作用,以及由计算机为个体,通过网络连接参与的智能运营管理给当代污水处理企业带来的积极变化。     

论上海集约化供水发展

公共供水是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,是城市可持续发展的重要保障。该文依据上海城市供水的现状,提出集约化供水是上海供水行业的发展方向。     

Employment Conditions in the Senegalese Horticultural Export Industry: A Worker Perspective

The rapid transformation of the agri‐food sector in developing countries has created rural off‐farm employment opportunities, especially for women. There is growing concern about worker welfare and employment conditions in agri‐food and export sectors, but empirical evidence on this issue is scant. We analyse contractual preferences of female workers in the horticultural export sector in Senegal. We use a discrete choice experiment to assess women's preferences for a labour contract and employ a latent class model to capture preference heterogeneity. We find that women have a high willingness to accept a labour contract in the horticultural export industry, and that differences in preferences for contract attributes can be explained by women's empowerment status.     

利用合流污水作泵站冷却水源的研究

合流污水经处理达到工业循环冷却水水质指标后,可用作泵站循环冷却水。该文介绍了污水处理的工艺流程和方法,以及与采用自来水作冷却水的成本比较。     

规范水务市场秩序 加强特许经营管理——对供排水行业特许经营管理的几点思考

回顾上海供排水行业改革开放以来特许经营管理的情况,论述加强特许经营管理的必要性,提出要抓紧制订有关法规和规范性文件,以及应重点明确的一些内容。     

中小型污水处理站的设计要点

介绍中小型污水处理站的特点及其处理系统的设计要求。