独生子女与非独生子女大学生人格比较研究

独生子女与非独生子女大学生人格比较研究●许克毅宋宝萍独生子女在大学生中的比例逐年增加，使高校面临着一系列新的问题：独生子女大学生与非独生子女大学生有何区别？他们具有怎样的个性特点？应该如何针对性地对独生子女大学生进行教育和管理？本文采用卡特尔１６ｐｆ...     

30年独生子女教育研究述评

通过对中国期刊网1980年至2011年收录的有关独生子女教育研究论文的分析发现，独生子女研究主要分为独生子女与非独生子女的对比研究和针对独生子女群体进行的教育研究两大类型。对比研究中，在独生子女与非独生子女是否存在差异问题上存在不同的结论．大多数研究结果倾向于独生子女和非独生子女各有优势和劣势。在独生子女教育问题上。研究结果认为独生子女的很多问题都不是与生俱来的，而是后天家庭、学校各方面影响和教育的结果，因此。在制定教育对策时需要针对独生子女的特点，发挥其优势，纠正教育误区。对独生子女教育规律的掌握和运用可以成为解释独生子女与非独生子女之间的差异随年龄的增长而缩小现象的一个原因。     

独生子女对大学学校适应的影响

目的:探讨城乡差异及是否独生子女对大学生学校适应的影响。方法:采用自己编制的大学生学校适应问卷对400名大学生进行调查,并对结果进行了相应的处理分析。结果:非独生子女与独生子女相比对大学有更好的适应性。结论:独生子女对大学生学校适应有深刻的影响。     

如何看部分海外院校拒收独生子女？

大部分人认为中国的独生子女，特别是90后，是幸福的一代人，但是他们在申请某些国外高校时却遭到拒绝。据《环球时报》的报道，有的国外高校明确表示拒绝接收中国独生子女入学就读，     

无锡市大学生体育消费行为的实证分析

本文以消费者行为学为理论依据，采用问卷调查方式，对影响无锡市大学生体育消费行为的因素进行调查研究，旨在了解大学生体育消费中存在的问题，通过发现和对比，不断改进非理性消费行为，提高体育消费质量，同时为高校体育深化改革提供经验借鉴和理论依据。     

中国独生子女刻板印象的实证研究

独生子女研究诞生以来，针对该群体的负面评价一直没有中断。有学者因此提出“独生子女神话”一词来专指针对独生子女群体的刻板印象。但迄今为止，还没有实证数据证实独生子女刻板印象是否客观存在。本研究以上海为例探索了中国城市居民对独生子女群体的普遍印象，证实了该群体的社会印象以负面刻板印象为主。研究通过形容词自由联想法和社区调查获取了与独生子女群体相关的12个高频形容词，其中积极形容词3个和消极形容词9个。在1088份拥有9—18岁子女的父母问卷中，分值最高的5个与独生子女群体相关的形容词分别为“依赖”、“任性”、“娇惯”、“自我中心”和“爱发脾气”，均为消极意义。数据表明，在与独生子女有直接接触的城市居民中．独生子女群体的社会印象以负面刻板印象为主。     

独生子女:媒介负面形象的建构与实证

论文采用内容分析的方法,对大众媒介新闻报道中的独生子女形象进行了系统解读。结果表明,大众媒介新闻报道中的独生子女主要是一种负面形象。通过将相关调查统计结果与媒介建构的形象进行比较,本研究发现当前大众媒介所建构的独生子女形象与独生子女在社会中的客观表现之间存在着明显的差距。论文进一步对媒介新闻的形成方式、叙事逻辑和所用材料进行了分析,揭示出大众媒介对独生子女的形象建构存在着明显的妖魔化倾向。     

“跨代育儿组合”与中国独生子女的养育——评《中国独生子女政策与多重照顾》

独生子女的照顾与养育是城市家庭面临的重要事务。在强调相互影响的“双向模型”理论导引下，将中国城市家庭对独生子女的养育过程还原到跨代育儿的家庭系统之中，《多重照顾》由此给读者呈现了儿童作为社会行动者的能动性，展示了他们与由父辈、祖辈共同构成的跨代育儿组合的互动过程，用丰富的经验数据揭示了跨代育儿组合内部的动态性与复杂性。“双向模型”、“跨代育儿组合”等理论性概念的提出，对于中国独生子女养育的实践与研究具有重要的启发意义。     

关于童年的思考——论独生子女发展权的家庭保护

独生子女比非独生子女的童年生活更多地嵌入了成年人的意识、成年人的活动方式。父母在有意无意之中减少了孩子童年的欢乐和对现实生活的体验，剥夺了孩子按照客观规律和自身特点发展的权利，忽视童年成为家庭教育问题的关键所在。主要表现是：成人本位，把孩子当大人；认识偏颇，把特点当缺点；不允许失败，把过程当结果；急功近利，把部分当全部；角色错位，把“外力”当“主力”。本文提出独生子女发展权的家庭保护尤其要强化以儿童为本的理念、注重儿童全面发展、注重儿童的发展过程和儿童发展的主体性。     

地方院校大学生体育意识与体育消费的研究

采用文献资料法、数理统计等研究方法，对沧州地区四所高校的1000名大学生的体育消费行为进行了调查和分析，发现当前大学生的体育意识和体育消费意识不高，鉴于大学生的体育消费意识对未来社会的影响，所以要从源头着手，从现在做起，通过本调查与分析对当前大学生的体育意识和体育消费意识提出可行性建议。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.