当前管理信息系统的发展趋势与最新动态

介绍了当今管理信息系统向三大方向发展:智能方向、集成方向和网络方向。智能方向的代表是IDSS。集成方向的代表是CIMS与ERP,网络方向的代表是电子商务。     

规则推理和人工神经网络在IDSS中的集成

传统的IDSS主要运用规则推理技术．人工神经网络技术(ANN)是人工智能领域发展起来的一种新技术,它有许多规则推理不具备的优点．本文详细比较了两种技术的差别．对二者的优缺点进行了细致地对比．分析了两种技术之后,文章从数据和功能两个角度详细介绍了各种在IDSS中集成规则推理和ANN 的集成策略．最后给出了集成两种技术的IDSS的概念框架     

复杂决策问题求解的定性与定量综合集成方法

就复杂决策问题求解的定性与定量综合集成方法研究领域中如何实现复杂问题的表示、理解与求解等问题提出了看法 ,并针对复杂决策问题 ,建立了一个更加符合人类思维习惯的综合集成方法三层次理论框架 ,该框架由复杂问题定性简化处理层、复杂问题定量分析层及复杂问题定性定量综合集成求解层三个层次组成 ,同时研析了这三个组成层次的主要研究内容 .本文在运用综合集成方法解决问题过程 ,如何实现人机完美结合问题也作了有益的探索     

知识供应链的智能集成技术与方法研究

从数据、信息与知识三个层次上研究了供应链的集成技术、理论与方法.首先探讨了供应链集成的层次与过程,然后研究了面向动态集成的组件化松散耦合技术,并重点分析了基于多Agent的供应链智能集成框架与智能化决策方法,最后从知识管理的角度指出了供应链智能集成的研究方向.     

ERP与商务智能的集成

通过对ERP与商务智能的相关理论与技术进行分析,提出了ERP与商务智能集成应用的设计架构。     

综合集成研讨厅在条件保障项目评价中的应用研究

总结条件保障项目的特点,提出条件保障项目的概念;分析条件保障项目评价系统的特征,研究从定性到定量的综合集成研讨厅在条件保障项目评价中的应用,提出条件保障项目综合集成研讨厅的定义,构想综合集成研讨厅的基本框架结构,功能机制.该研究成果有利于相关部门改善条件保障项目投资管理工作,有利于条件保障项目评价工作的规范化、科学化和系统化.     

关于复杂性研究

本文首先介绍了复杂性研究的科学背景及其科学启示，然后把复杂性和复杂系统结合起来，从系统科学角度研究复杂性问题；阐述了研究研究复杂系统的方法论－－钱学森的从定性到定量综合集成方法论。     

复杂决策问题的多元化模型体系研究

鉴于复杂决策问题的特点,仅仅依靠定量模型难以描述和求解复杂决策问题. 从定性到 定量综合集成角度出发,认为复杂决策问题的求解过程需要多元化模型支持. 依据复杂决策问 题的认知层次,提出复杂决策问题的多元化模型体系中包含概念模型、结构模型和数学模型, 并对这三类模型进行了论述.     

能源系统复杂性管理建模方法研究

提出了一种基于能源系统微观主体行为的仿真建模方法,将微观仿真与中观能源规划、宏观社会经济均衡有机结合,进而发展出由演化模块(E)、综合优化模块(O)及系统动力学模块(D)构成,以智慧(W)为统领的Weod架构,体现了综合集成方法从定性到定量,人机结合实现信息知识和智慧的综合集成思想,旨在为能源系统复杂性预测、评价与优化管理提供一个有力的方法工具。     

基于综合集成思想的区域人才聚集系统演化趋势预测方法研究

应用分析开放复杂巨系统的综合集成方法论思想,设计区域人才聚集系统演化趋势预测方法,包括定性分析、定量模型构建、定性结合定量确定模型参数和定量结合定性仿真运行四个阶段,并以曹妃甸新兴工业区为案例,预测了该地区人才聚集的未来趋势。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.