王维所过香积寺只能在长安——“汝州风穴寺”说质疑

唐代诗人王维的《过香积寺》中的"香积寺"是长安的香积寺,自来没有异议。新近问世的"汝州风穴寺"说,是建立在对诗歌元素僵化的理解、对风穴寺历史文献的误读及其对王维开元行踪的错误推定上,完全是不顾事实,因对文化名胜的争夺而产生的错误认识,应该予以澄清。     

高适开元二十三年征诣长安考

高适是盛唐时期重要的边塞诗人,历来对其边塞诗关注甚多,然而在诗人本体研究方面还有很多疑点。如其在开元二十三年应制科试的经历,一直为学界所争论,而争论的焦点集中在应试地点是洛阳还是长安上。由于制举考试并不一定由皇帝主持,且考试地点往往确定较早,故而不能因玄宗身在洛阳就认为考试地点也在洛阳。而根据高适诗序和李白《赴上都》一诗,将高适开元二十三年的征诣地点确定为长安应无疑问。     

炎黄之胄

正长安画派中,有一个特殊的"小辈",他本是赵望云的弟子,最后却画得比师父还出名,他是长安画派的重要人物,在西北驻足的时间却并不算长。论资历,他确实是长安画派的后继者,论成就,他却不逊于任何一位长安画派的开创者。他就是黄胄。黄胄本姓梁,1925年出生于河北。故乡荒僻,家中穷苦,但却挡不住他一腔的艺术热忱。他自小便是个胸怀抱负的文艺青年,黄胄之名取自"炎黄之胄",而这"炎黄"之理想后来更是伴随了他的一生。40年代初,黄胄偶遇画家韩乐然。虽然没有师承关系,但曾留学法国的     

试论开元天宝以后的长安商人与禁军

本文考察了开元天宝之后长安商人与禁军的诸种关系。认为:开元天宝以后,募兵制的兴起,行贿之风的盛行,为商人进入禁军提供了可乘之机;禁军所独有的优越地位,以及商人出于提高其自身社会地位,逃避赋税等方面的考虑,也是商人混迹禁军的一个重要因素。本文认为,大量商人混迹禁军,从而导致了诸多不良影响,削弱了禁军的战斗力。     

2009年西安历史文化研讨会综述

由西安文理学院长安历史文化研究中心、《唐都学刊》编辑部、西安文理学院科研处、西安古都学会联合主办的“2009年西安历史文化研讨会”,于2009年11月21日在西安文理学院隆重召开。本次会议主题是:长安历史地理研究、长安文化的古今融通、秦俑属性的相关探讨。来自陕西师范大学、西北大学、咸阳师范学院、陕西理工学院、陕西省博物馆、西安碑林博物馆、秦始皇兵马俑博物馆、西安建筑科技大学、陕西教育学院等十几个单位研究长安历史文化的专家、学者以及长安历史文化研究中心的全体成员和《唐都学刊》编辑部的全体成员、西安文理学院科研处代表参加了会议,陕西省文史馆、西安市社科联等有关单位的领导也出席了会议。陕西电视台、西安电视台、西安日报、陕西日报等媒体记者前来报道了此次会议。2009年西安历史文化研讨会主题报告深刻而广泛。陕西师范大学西北环发中心朱士光先生就《长安文化形成之地理环境基础及其历史文化之核心内容》做了科学的阐述:长安文化实际上应是以陕西省关中盆地为中心,以陕北黄土高原与陕南秦巴山地为两翼之陕西地域文化,所以也可称为“三秦文化”。基于这一认识,朱先生即以陕西地域范围为对象,对其形成之地理环境基础以及其历史文化之核心内容进行了...     

"天人三策"文本顺序考辨——兼论董仲舒贤良对策之年代

历代关于董仲舒贤良对策的年代问题有很多争论,但研究者对"天人三策"之间的文本关系却疏于考察。"天人三策"并不是三篇具有内在连续性且创作于同一时期的文本。第一、三对策应创作于建元四年、五年之间,而第二对策则要晚至建元六年至元光元年初。班固在三篇对策间加入"天子复册之"之文,造成三策具有时间递进关系的假象。     

《孟浩然研究论丛》序

《孟浩然研究论丛》是一本收有近60篇论文约70万字的论文集,这表明对于孟浩然其人其诗的研究,已引起了愈来愈多学学者的参与和关注,而使之成为了中国古代文学研究特别是唐代文学研究中的一大亮点。《孟浩然研究论丛》所涉及的内容丰富广泛又颇具原创性特色,主要表现在五个方面：一是孟浩然与襄阳的关系及其思想;二是多维度的孟浩然诗歌研究;三是关于李白与孟浩然的交谊;四是孟浩然比较研究;五是孟浩然接受史研究。孟浩然研究者在传统研究的同时,也注意对现状的研究,在努力对文学史料作沉潜探索的基础上,形成了更为独特的研究视野和观念。     

重谈孟浩然

长期以来,孟浩然一直被人们视为“隐士”和“隐逸诗人”,但其实,孟浩然深受盛唐时代风气的影响,一生都怀有强烈的入世意愿,至死不曾放弃仕宦之想,与所谓的“隐士”、“清高”颇有距离。而学术界之所以延续这一观念,或许与长期以来习用的研究观念和价值标准有关,其实不符合孟浩然诗歌及人格风貌之实际。     

试论倭国遣隋使朝见炀帝的地点

有隋一代,因隋炀帝多次外出巡游,故周边国家和地区遣使来华时的朝见地点因其居留的地点不同而变化。但是因隋炀帝多在新年前后居留东京（东都洛阳）,故607、608、609年三次倭国遣隋使朝见隋炀帝的地点均为东京,而非京师（长安）。事实上,炀帝即位不久,政治、文化乃至国际交流的中心已自京师长安移至东都洛阳。     

孟浩然研究的现在与将来

中国孟浩然研究会会长王辉斌教授对自新中国成立以来62年的孟浩然研究进行了较全面总结,并对孟浩然研究的将来进行了构想与预示。前期的孟浩然研究研究呈现出了两个特点：其一是注重对孟浩然作品特别是一些名作的解读与品鉴;其二是对孟浩然的生平事迹进行了具体考察。中期为＂十年文革＂,孟浩然研究成果基本阙如。后期即当代的孟浩然研究,主要体现出了四大特点。孟浩然研究的将来,至少有七大专题需要尽快研究。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

Social protection systems and the future of work: Ensuring social security for digital platform workers

Digitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers’ previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in “new” forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all?     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.