儒家“诚”的道德哲学意蕴及价值本位

"诚"作为儒家伦理的核心范畴,不仅是道德准则,更体现为天道本体与人性的根源."诚"贯通天人,为儒家伦理道德价值提供了终极依据.内求于心的"诚之"工夫是达致天人合一的理想道德境界的修养途径.梳理"诚"的道德哲学的内涵对于诚信缺失的当代社会具有重要的道德启示.     

儒家伦理与当代职业道德建设

职业道德建设是社会主义道德建设的重要组成部分。本文从儒家伦理的视角出发,探寻其中有益于当代职业道德建设的内容。通过分析指出,儒家伦理对道德人格的培养为职业道德建设提供了起点和切入点,为当代社会提供了职业道德理念,并提出了一些具体行业的职业道德规范,其现代价值不可低估。     

儒家心性伦理视阈下的"道德选择"论略

传统儒家心性伦理所强调的自觉自律的道德意识、知行合一的道德实践以及心性修养方法等,在历史上为人寻找心灵的归宿,提供安身立命之基,实现内在的自我超越起到了积极的作用。今天,当我们重新审视人的道德选择问题时,儒家心性伦理为这方面的研究提供了新的视阈,彰显出了实践性的指导意义。     

道德建设:从制度伦理、伦理制度到德性伦理

伦理制度是明示的道德规范，而制度伦理则是隐含于非伦理的制度形式中的 伦理要求。虽然制度伦理、伦理制度为任何道德建设所不可或缺，但道德建设又不能停留在、 局限于制度伦理或伦理制度建设。道德建设的更为根本的任务，是在制度伦理、伦理制度的基 础上，塑造出具有完全的道德意义的德性伦理。所谓德性伦理，是出自个体德性的伦理，即以 个体的德性为自因的伦理。西方现代化社会由于德性的失落或边缘化而导致的诸多严重问 题，是值得注意的前车之鉴。当代中国的道德建设，应当在崭新的制度伦理、伦理制度的基础 上重塑德性伦理，使人成为真正的道德主体，使道德真正成为人的道德，使外在的他律、强制、 束缚逐渐为内在的自律、自觉、自由所超越。     

儒家善政伦理及其现代化

儒家善政伦理为儒者在国家治理中经长期实践而形成的一种道德体悟。善政的核心是德治。儒家善政伦理到近代时,由于西方思想的冲击,受到了广泛的现代性批判,并导致了其存在的合法性危机,进而致使其迅速衰落,最终退出统治阶级意识形态的地位。在当代,儒家善政伦理要实现复兴,只能走现代化之路。     

“道德自我及其价值实现”研究视阈以及文献研究综述

个体道德自我是在伦理、法权意识基础上所实现精神发展的更高境界；相对于德性、人格、良心，道德自我是更为整全和彰显道德主体性功能的精神与行动实体。本文概括了道德自我建构及其价值实现的意义、研究路向以及文献研究现状，包括道德自我价值内涵研究，道德自我历史资源与现状研究，当代中国社会道德价值基点研究，个体与自身、人我、群己关系中道德自我价值实现研究，道德自我价值实践研究；提出道德自我价值实现需要开拓的研究思路和主题。     

儒家教育伦理思想及其当代启示

儒家教育伦理的基本体系是:成德教育是教育的精神前提,有教无类是教育的公平理念,全面发展是教育的目标导向,为人师表是教育的师德要求。儒家教育伦理的当代启示包括:借鉴成德教育的合理因素,回归"人的发展"的教育价值;借鉴有教无类的合理因素,推进教育公平;借鉴为人师表的师德要求,提升教师道德水平。     

论儒家仁爱思想的生态伦理意蕴及其当代意义

仁爱思想是儒家伦理文化的核心内容之一。仁爱不仅具有仁民爱物、生生大德、万物一体的深刻生态伦理内涵,也具有从人际道德向生态道德扩展的推理方式、爱有等差的道德递推原则以及人类价值与自然价值统一的生态伦理建构逻辑,对当代社会正确处理人与自然的关系具有重要的借鉴意义和启示作用。     

论冯友兰人生境界说中的中国传统思想元素——纪念冯友兰诞辰115周年

冯友兰的人生境界说中包含丰富的中国传统思想元素,如道德本位、人道能群、公而忘私、舍生取义、天人合一等,探讨这一问题有助于深入把握冯友兰融会中西的哲学特色,也有助于对中国传统思想精粹的再认识.冯友兰的哲学人学观念可以归结为理性人类学.冯友兰的理性人类学是道德人类学和理智人类学的结合.冯友兰把觉解作为人之为人的显要特征是合理的.可以说,冯友兰的觉解就是人的自我意识.冯友兰的道德境界从人的社会性出发,肯定了公而忘私、舍生取义的价值,这是对儒家传统思想或价值理念的提升.冯友兰的人生境界说具有群体至上的理论倾向,它虽然对追求私利有所肯定,但重点强调的是追求公利,即"义".一个完全的形上学系统,应当始于正的方法,而终于负的方法.如果它不终于负的方法,它就不能达到哲学的最后顶点.冯友兰的人生境界说遵循了这一思路,人生的最高境界即天地境界,体现出对中国传统天人合一理念的阐扬.     

中西当代道德价值观念的比较研究

道德价值观念是一个民族文明的折光反映和思想标记.由于中西文明的差异,历史背景的不同,中西当代道德价值观念的内容及特点各异.二者的异同主要体现在:从道德基点来看,西方立足于个人主义而中国立足于整体主义;从道德类型来看,西方遵循一条"元伦理--规范伦理--德性伦理"路径,而中国走的是一条"德性伦理--制度伦理"路线;从道德价值及评价来看,西方直觉主义、情感主义、自然主义等各流派以及每一派内部存在严重分歧,而中国学者各自研究侧重点的不同,也直接或间接地体现出一些差异;从道德旨归来看,中西当代道德应服务于社会和谐,实现人类幸福之鹄的.     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.