新经济时代企业知识资产经营策略

新经济时代对企业提出了知识资产经营的要求,针对大多数企业知识资产经营的误区,提出了知识资产经营的重点互补性知识资产;并以成本与产出的差别对互补性知识资产和替代性知识资产进行了诠释;在系统分析了互补性知识资产的竞争优势的基础上,提出了有效的互补性知识资产的经营策略(CLCMI模式).     

分销商弥补性投资对专用性资产防御的实证研究

在渠道关系中，分销商有时需要对特定供应商的关系做出专用性资产投资，但却难以对其实施有效的防御。本文提出了分销商通过弥补性投资开发供应商长期导向，改变分销商在供应商关系中的地位，从而实现对其专用性资产投资的防御。实证结果表明虽然分销商专用性资产投资与供应商长期导向负相关，但分销商通过弥补性投资，开发了供应商对关系的长期导向。同时调节了上述的负向关系。     

双渠道制造商成本信息不对称下电商平台最优服务契约设计

本文研究了面对通过电商平台进行交易的双渠道制造商时,电商平台的最优服务契约设计问题。契约设计过程中,电商平台面同时面临着双渠道制造商成本信息不对称的风险及契约类型的选择问题。因此,本文在“电商平-双渠道制造商”在线平台销售模式中,考虑双渠道制造商拥有私有成本信息,基于电商平台的两个典型的收入模式(广告模式和佣金模式)设计了两种服务契约(广告型和佣金型),得出了信息对称与不对称下的最优契约参数。首先,在两种契约下,考察了双渠道制造商成本信息不对称对电商平台最优契约设计的影响。然后,在两种信息结构下,考察了契约类型对电商平台和制造商收益的影响。研究发现：双渠道制造商成本信息不对称的存在会使最优契约参数发生变化,且总是造成高成本双渠道制造商、电商平台和供应链整体绩效损失,而仅低成本双渠道制造商能够获得额外的信息租金。成本信息对称时,契约类型对双渠道制造商和电商平台的收益没有影响。但成本信息不对称时,高成本双渠道制造商收益在两种契约下绩效相同;对于低成本制造商和供应链整体而言,广告型契约下绩效始终较优;对于电商平台而言,佣金型契约下绩效始终较优;且优势程度均随市场中低成本制造商比例递增、随消费者对线上渠道的接受程度先减后增。     

对市场导向、顾客资产导向与新产品开发绩效之间关系的探索性研究——基于中国背景的调节效应模型

当前,市场导向的收益和顾客资产的重要性已经得到了广泛的认同。然而,一方面有关市场导向的认识尚未达成共识,另一方面有关顾客资产的认识也出现了新的误区,而且尚未有文献对新产品开发绩效的复杂影响进行过系统的实证研究。本文旨在开发测量顾客资产导向的有效量表,并通过区分反应型市场导向和先动型市场导向,运用中国企业的实证数据揭示它们对新产品开发绩效的差异性影响,并检验了顾客资产导向对两种不同市场导向与新品绩效之间关系的调节作用,从而引导学者和企业家对市场导向和顾客资产导向的作用形成更为科学的认识。结果发现,顾客资产导向对新产品开发绩效的直接影响并不显著,但却可以对先动型市场导向与新产品开发绩效之间的关系产生积极的调节作用。     

"市场-政策"双重导向对农业企业绩效的影响机制研究——以泛长三角地区农业龙头企业为例

经济转型时期,市场机制与政策机制呈现出共存性与互补性特征.本文以泛长三角地区农业龙头企业为样本,通过构建以动态能力为中介变量的理论模型,实证检验了市场导向、政策导向与农业企业绩效的关系.结果显示,(1)市场导向与企业绩效有显著正相关关系,这种关系可以是直接的也可以是间接的,政策导向与企业绩效有显著的直接正相关关系;(2)动态能力在市场导向与企业绩效关系之间起着部分中介作用,但在政策导向与企业绩效之间的中介作用不显著;(3)市场导向与政策导向对农业企业绩效的影响具有结构差异性,市场导向程度高的企业长期绩效较好,政策导向程度高的企业短期绩效较好,具备双重导向的企业长短期绩效均较好.     

基于业务创新的证券公司品牌关系模式研究

随着我国金融业的市场化进程,证券公司生存环境发生变化,业务创新成为核心竞争力的来源.在证券公司推出新业务时,采用何种品牌关系模式成为证券公司推行品牌战略要解决的首要问题.该文从品牌识别与品牌资产增值的视角对证券公司品牌模式选择进行了研究.有四种品牌关系模式可供证券公司根据自身情况做出选择.     

金融化与经济增长研究述评

学界对于金融化与经济增长之间关系进行了多方面考察,形成了不同的观点。促进论认为,金融化过程可以吸收垄断资本主义资本积累的剩余,通过资产升值的财富效应和为低收入群体提供借贷来刺激消费,通过金融市场对企业进行约束并优化资本配置,从而对经济增长产生正面影响。然而,促退论认为,金融化带来的金融和经济不稳定会使经济陷入更加严重的停滞当中,金融化带来的"股东价值导向"和金融霸权会挤出实体投资,金融化的收入分配效应会增加家庭负债并降低社会总需求,这些影响都会造成经济的长期停滞。不确定论认为,金融化在短期和长期会对经济增长带来不同的影响,最终影响如何取决于不同的前提条件和金融化的程度。一些实证研究的结果总体支持了金融化对于经济增长的负面影响以及金融化影响的国别差异,为进一步研究提供了借鉴。     

渠道冲突管理的"生命周期观"——机会主义及其治理机制

渠道冲突管理是营销研究的热门课题之一.遗憾的是,文献对于渠道冲突管理的分析都是以结果为导向,忽视了对渠道冲突的前因分析,也没有树立渠道冲突管理的全程意识.本文指出,机会主义是渠道冲突的直接前因,必须引入渠道冲突的全程管理.机会主义治理的渠道冲突观认为,渠道关系初期进行渠道成员选择,渠道关系持续期谋求长期导向、互动、协商、开放的渠道关系,可以确保渠道冲突管理树立全程的"生命周期观".本文结合中国市场渠道中机会主义的渠道冲突案例进行剖析,为如何进行机会主义治理、杜绝渠道冲突之源,保持渠道和谐提供了新的视角.     

渠道成员退出和呼吁：感知公平与长期导向的作用

在关系营销范式下,营销渠道关系研究较少关注关系的结束。将渠道公平和长期导向纳入对渠道关系问题反应行为的研究框架中,考察感知公平(分配公平和程序公平)对渠道成员关系退出和呼吁行为的影响以及长期导向在这一影响过程中的中介作用。以供应商及其与经销商的关系为研究对象,获得144个经销商样本的调查数据,应用SPSS 17软件和多元层次回归方法对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,长期导向在感知分配公平与退出之间起部分中介作用,在感知分配公平和程序公平对呼吁的影响中起完全中介作用。渠道成员感知的分配公平对其退出倾向有显著的负向影响,但感知程序公平对退出则没有显著的影响;分配公平和程序公平对呼吁都有显著的正向影响。最后给出相应的管理建议。     

论慈善组织的经营模式——基于市场化程度的理论分析

当代中国在社会主义市场经济条件下,为了促进慈善事业发展和改进慈善组织经营,对慈善组织实行市场化模式是可行之选。市场化就是利用市场配置资源的经济活动。按照市场化程度来看,当代中国慈善组织的经营模式主要有非市场化模式、半市场化模式和纯市场化模式。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.