实现河南省小额贷款公司可持续发展的建议

小额贷款公司是近几年来在我国新兴的企业组织,是解决"三农"经济、中小企业、微型企业、个体工商户资金需求的重要途径,对有效配置金融资源、加快我国金融服务体系建设、引导民间资本规范运作、缓解中小企业融资难有积极的促进作用. 2009年河南省颁布了《河南省小额贷款公司试点管理暂行办法》(下文简称老办法),试点工作开始启动.截至2012年11月末,共有小额贷款公司286家,注册资本123.86亿元,自2009年以来累计贷款461亿元.小额贷款公司在缓解中小微企业融资难、促进经济发展、增进社会就业,防范金融风险和保持社会稳定等方面发挥了积极作用.     

小额贷款公司现今发展问题研究——以锦州市为例

小额贷款公司的发展及产生,是我国经济社会不断发展不断进步的结果,小额贷款公司的成立是社会主义金融组织创新的一项重要举措。小额贷款公司作为为"三农"和中小微企业提供融资服务的一种金融运作体系,有效地缓解了"三农"和中小微企业融资难的问题,并且进一步改善了农村地区的金融服务,对于激活民间投资、规范民间的借贷行为、发展县域经济等方面,提供了非常积极的推动力。最近几年,锦州市的小额贷款公司从无到有、从少到多,已经成为传统金融业的有效补充。自2008年底启动小额贷款公司试点以来,经过六年的实践,小额贷款公司遇到了一些急待解决的问题,这给小额贷款公司的生存及发展带来了严峻的挑战。在这样的社会背景下,本文打算以锦州小额贷款公司为例对小额贷款公司的持续健康发展提出相应的建议。     

关于我国小额贷款公司发展形势及对策的探讨

小额贷款公司的发展有效缓解了中小微企业及农村地区的资金短缺问题,对于我国金融行业的发展具有重要的推动意义。本文我们将针对当前小额贷款公司在我国的发展形势及存在的问题展开分析,结合其所面对的发展机遇与障碍,针对性的提出发展策略。     

关系型银行贷款理论及其在我国的应用研究

本文通过对关系型贷款理论的深入分析,论述了其对于解决我国中小企业融资难题的重要作用。采用理论和实证分析相结合的方式,探讨了关系型贷款在我国的运用,并针对关系型贷款理论在我国面临的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

中小企业融资和关系型贷款

本文分析了中小企业融资难的原因,并比较了大银行为中小企业提供融资服务的劣势进而得出"小银行优势理论"。接着通过对国外关系型贷款的效率分析,再结合我国关系型贷款发展现状找出我国关系型贷款发展滞后的原因,为我国中小企业融资难的解决提出建议。     

探究农村信用社服务小微企业的新路径——以德阳市旌阳区农村信用联社为例

小微企业的金融服务问题一直以来都是我国金融领域的一个难题,一方面是企业贷款难,一方面是银行业难贷款,要彻底破解小微企业融资难与银行难贷款的问题,必须找到一条既能支持小微企业发展又能确保银行银行信贷安全的新路径,四川省农村信用社旌阳联社在服务小微企业的过程中逐渐找到了破解难题的新路径。     

基于小微企业期望投资收益率的贷款定价模型

本文以小微企业期望投资收益率为切入点,综合考虑制定贷款利率的其它约束因素,得到了一个商业银行与小微企业的动态博弈模型。该模型表明,商业银行对小微企业的贷款要可持续发展,制定的利率必须以小微企业的期望投资收益率为前提。贷款利率上限受到小微企业期望投资收益率的约束。最后,对如何制定一个比较准确的贷款利率给出一些政策建议。     

我国小微企业贷款难的症结分析及对策

小微企业因为资金紧张,贷款难,企业发展长期受到制约。在当前我国货币紧缩的情况下,小微企业的发展面临更加严峻的形式。本文就小微企业为什么贷款难从社会宏观角度、小微企业和银行三方面进行分析,并对各方提出建议,以期为社会各方解决小微企业贷款难的问题提供有益参考。     

重庆的金融雄心

过去5年,重庆市金融业增加值占GDP比重由5％升至8％,这一比重在全国仅次于京沪,金融资产规模突破3.3万亿元,缴纳地方税收占比保持在10％左右.随着各类金融机构竞相发展,资本要素市场改革深入推进,金融生态环境持续改善,金融业支撑当地经济社会持续健康发展的效果明显.重庆每年新增信贷中近四成投向了制造业,小额贷款公司贷款95％以上投向个体工商户和小微企业,经济与金融呈现出良性互动的局面.     

小微企业贷款面临的困境与对策研究

<正>当前,贷款难是制约我国小微企业发展的老大难问题。贷款问题的原因十分复杂,不仅与社会整体信用环境有关,还与我国金融市场、银行以及信贷管理体制等密切相关。本文将分析其原因并探讨相关对策。一、小微企业贷款融资困境的形成原因1.企业自身内部原因。一是企业管理不规范。小微企业大多是民营企业,产权不清,家族性质较浓,部分企业法人综合素质不高,企业长期发展规划不明     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.