What drives unconventional political participation? A two level study

There is little evidence on the factors that drive peaceful unconventional political participation. This study evaluates the impact of seven individual level constituents – age, income, education, gender, satisfaction with the government, engagement in civil society organizations and voting – as well as five macro-level factors – economic development, democratic experience, income inequalities, a country's regime type and federalism – on citizens’ participation in boycotts, demonstrations and petition signing activities. Participation in all three protest activities hinges on education, voting, participation in civil society organizations, and lack of satisfaction with the government. Moreover, the influence of some macro-factors, such as democratic experience and economic development, and micro-level factors, such as gender differs between the three forms of political engagement.     

Mothers’ communicative cues and the development of infants’ helping: Linking participation and problem solving in the first year of life

There is an ongoing debate on the role of socialization in the development of infants’ helping. Although opportunities for the socialization of early helping are rare in problem solving (bystander intervention), there are many opportunities for socialization in participation (working alongside others), and infants’ experiences of participation could socialize problem solving indirectly. The present study links participation and problem solving conceptually by drawing on a Hebbian concept of indirect learning and through a study examining mothers’ communicative cues in both forms of helping. Forty mother-infant dyads engaged in two semi-structured helping tasks, a participation task and a problem-solving task at five, eight, and ten months of age. Mothers’ communicative cues and infants’ return of the object were examined using coding schemes adapted from prior research. Mothers used similar communicative cues (reaches, give-me gestures, and verbal requests) in both tasks, and more maternal scaffolding contributed to greater object handover. Infants showed higher object handover in participation tasks. The findings, framed in Tomasello's neo-Vygotskian account of prosocial development, offer a synthesis of the debate on the role of socialization where prosocial behavior emerges first between people, and then becomes individualized.     

Why do richer democracies survive?—The non-effect of unconventional political participation

Since Seymour Lipset's (1959) seminal article on the social prerequisites of democracy, many scholars have found a strong empirical correlation between increases in per capita income and democracy. Given this strong connection however, an important gap in the literature remains—what are the pathways linking wealth and democracy? This paper attempts to establish the validity of one of the possible paths by testing the three-fold relationship between per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unconventional political participation and democratic consolidation. Despite finding a strong positive correlation between per capita GDP and the consolidation of democracy, this research reveals that unconventional political participation is not mediating this effect.     

Explaining state AFDC and food stamp caseloads: has welfare reform discouraged food stamp participation?

State food stamp caseloads have declined dramatically since the adoption of the 1996 welfare reforms. It is likely that the movement of large numbers of individuals from the welfare rolls to the work force has contributed significantly to the decline in food stamp usage. This hypothesis is tested by examining the impact that the pre-reform AFDC program had on food stamp participation. Employing OLS regression, we find that state AFDC caseloads are positively related to food stamp caseloads. Thus, welfare reform may be eliminating eligible food stamp participants.     

Are baby‐boomers healthy enough to keep working? Health as a mediator of extended labour force participation

One strategy to reduce the economic impact of structural ageing is to increase and/or extend the workforce participation of older workers. Currently, a large proportion of this group consists of post‐World War II baby‐boomers (1946–1965) whose characteristics, experiences and attitudes differ markedly from their predecessors. Maintaining good health underpins strategies to extend workforce participation among baby‐boomers but there is little hard evidence supporting the assumption that baby‐boomers are generally in good health compared to previous generations and will, therefore, be able to work longer. Using a dataset that includes biomedical and self‐reported health for a representative sample of South Australian baby‐boomers, we analyse the extent to which current labour force participation is mediated by health. We find that health is a significant factor in workforce exits. Respondents with fair‐to‐poor self‐rated health, or with diabetes, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease, were more likely to be retired or unable to work, and around 10 per cent of older baby‐boomers (born 1946–1955) who have left the workforce rate their health as poor or fair. The data suggest that these patterns are likely to be replicated in younger baby‐boomers (born 1956–1965).     

Regional Changes in Banking Centers in Modern China

IneachperiodofmodernChina,everyregionhaditsownfinancialcenter.However,aregionalfinancialcentermightchange,forexample,thefinancialcenterinnortheastChinamovedfromDaliantoChangchuninthe1930s.InthispaperIshalldiscusschangesinChina'snationalfinancialcenterinthefirsthalfofthiscentury.Thelocationofthisfinancialcenterwas:Shanghai-BeijingandTianjin-Shanghai-Chongqing-Shanghai.ThisphenomenonhasrarelybeenseenanywhereintheworldinthefinancialhistoryofmodernandcontemPorarytimes.Thefinancialcentersofth…     

Historiography in China in the Last Fifty Years

从学风不变、话语系统转换、史观派与史料派地位的浮沉诸角度看,近50年来的中国历史学大体上可区分为两个段落,这就是前40年和后10年。前40年间的历史学,可以看作是马克思主义历史话语从占据主流地位到这个"主流地位受到了一定的削弱"的过程;而初步进入一个以国学复兴重光为基本背景的多元离散的时期,则可能是近十几年来历史学的整体趋向。半个世纪以来的史学史表明:唯物史观派和史料考订派在宏观与微观两个方面同时构成了当代史学发展的两种动力,厚此薄彼或厚彼薄此均不可取。作为既努力兼取两派所长又努力扬弃两派所短的第三支力量,以社会经济史研究者为代表的会通派的出现,则可能意味着从传统史学向现代史学长达一个世纪转型过程的终结。     

Sino-US Cooperation Institute in Literatures and in History

The wartime transnational military intelligence cooperation organization, abbreviated as "Sino-US Cooperation Institute," has long been widely known as the synonym of "America and Jiang Jieshi's crimes." The "White Mansion" and "Dreg     

Changes in Land Cultivation in China in Recent Years and Medium-term Development Trends

I.ThePresentConditionofFarmlandResourcesinChina1.CurrentlandcultivationconditionsAccordingtotheinitialconsolidateddatafromadetailednationalsurveyofthecurrentstatusoflandnationwide(hereafter,"detailedsurvey"),Chinahad2.O16billionmu(atraditionalChineseunitofarea,15mu=1hectare)ofcultivatedlandattheend0f1990.Thisfigurewasobtainedbypoolingtheinformationavailablefromdetailedsurveysconductedineveryc0untyinChinaovertheprevious10years.Furtherinvestigations,acensusandananalysisofchangesinlallduseacr…     

Long-term Trends in Changes in the Returns to Schooling in China's Urban Areas

本文利用抽样调查数据对1990-1999年期间我国城镇的个人教育收益率的动态变化进行了经验估计,从中发现个人教育收益率是逐年上升的,而且个人教育收益率是递增的。通过估计教育对个人收入增长的直接效应,提示了教育对收入增长的影响作用在很大程度上是通过就业途径的选择来实现的。     

Coming of age in Samoa…in 1997

Abstract

A psychodynamically trained clinical social worker living in Samoa since 1995 examines some of the questions that the situation of rapid cultural change exposes. What effects does culture have on individual adolescent development? How are “healthy"/"adaptive” developmental outcomes shaped by the historical moment in which an adolescent lives? What does it mean for a clinician to be an “outsider” in a dominant culture of “insiders”? This paper attempts to address some of these questions from a very personal perspective.     

China’s Role and Influence in the Incidents in Po-land and Hungary in 1956

在苏联处理波匈事件的初期,中国因情况不明未及参与。而在苏联决定从布达佩斯撤军和再次武装占领匈牙利的问题上,中国的意见起了主导作用。这就是说,在危机处理的后期,苏联听从了中国的建议和主张,其结果是毛泽东既批判了苏联的大国主义,又保证了社会主义阵营的团结。波匈事件标志着中共在国际共产主义运动中的地位和声望已经迈上了一个新台阶。     

Disparities in Regional Development and Macro-Economic Management in China

Ⅰ.IntroductionWhendiscussingmacro-economicmanagementinChina,onecannotignoretheharshrealityofunevendevelopmentintheregionaleconomies.Anyaim,task,principleorpolicyofmacro-economicmanagementmustbeformulatedonthebasisofnarrowingthisgapbetweenregions.Thisisaparticularrequirementformacro-economicmanagementbasedonChina'sspecialnationalconditions.Percapitanationalincomeistheindexmostfrequentlyusedtogaugethelevelofeconomicdevelopmentofacountryorregion.Thepercapitanationalincomeoftheregionsbetweenthe…     

The Role of Government in Social Welfare in China

文章认为,20多年来,"高福利的负面效应"和"市场机制的高效率"是对中国影响最大的西方经验。在这种思想影响下,中国政府从社会福利责任中的退出是导致经济与社会发展失调的重要因素。例如,我们在市场化条件根本不存在的情况下,实行"社会服务市场化",其结果是强势集团的霸权化;在未能保证社会成员基本社会服务权利前提下的"服务收费",使得对于绝大多数人来说,缴费是获得任何服务的前提条件。这种做法使贫苦人群更难抵御风险,是对"社会公平"这一社会发展的核心价值观的颠覆。 文章提出重建政府在社会福利中积极角色的命题。作者认为,政府在社会福利中应当发挥主导作用,应当加强自己的社会政策能力建设。由于中国缺乏工业文明的积累,以及计划经济重输入、输出而轻过程、细节和人的动机的二重原因,中国政府的社会政策能力较弱。这种情况需要改变。     

Ethnic Demographic Studies in China in the 1990s

Demographicstudieswererevivedinthelate197osinChinaafteralongperiodofhibernation.Ethnicdemographicstudiesbeganinthel98os,atatimewhentherewaslittlebasicdataandonlyscantresultsofpastresearchwereavailable.Considerableprogresswasmadeinethnicdemographyinthe199Os,andbreakthroughswereachievedinbasictheoryandinquantitativeandqualitativestudies.Researchalsoshiftedfromgeneraldemographicstudiesofallnationalminoritiesasawholetodemographicstudiesbasedonnationality,sexandage,andbasicinformationonbirthanddea…     

Basic Trends in Current Marxist Philosophical Studies in China

本文勾勒了当前我国马克思哲学研究基本走向的粗略线索,提示性地引介了对深化马克思哲学研究有重要创见的一些学术成果,从中可以看出,马克思哲学研究的多元化格局已经形成,中国马克思哲学研究的不同学派正呼之欲出。     

Lessons learnt? Abuse in residential child care in Scotland

This paper draws on work carried out by Sen, Kendrick, Milligan and Hawthorn commissioned as pert of the Historic Abuse Systemic Review by the Scottish Executive in 2007. It considers the evidence‐based regarding abuse in residential child care from 1945 with a specific focus on Scotland. It reviews the context set for residential child care post‐1945 by the Clyde and Curtis reports, outlines how the residential child care sector developed following this, provides an overview of evidence and awareness of abuse in residential child care establishments after the 1948 Children's Act, giving particular consideration to the public inquiries and reviews of residential child care which there have been in Scotland, explores research evidence regarding the safety of convictions of residential child care workers found guilty of child abuse, and provides an overview of the main policy and practice developments which there have subsequently been in Scotland. The paper concludes by considering the progress that has been made in developing safeguards in Scotland and identifying areas where further research and development are required.     

Conflicting Occupational Prestige Evaluations in the Transitional Period in China

Ｉ.ＳｕｒｖｅｙｓｏｆＯｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｌＰｒｅｓｔｉｇｅａｎｄｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ　　Ｉｎｓｏｃｉｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｓｓｏｃｉａｌｓｔａｔｕｓｉｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｓ:ｗｅａｌｔｈ(ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ) ,ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙａｎｄｐｏｗｅｒ ,ａｎｄｐｒｅｓｔｉｇｅ .Ｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ,ｔｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｗｏｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅａｓｙａｓｔｈｅｒｅ…     

Aspect in Modern Chinese

AspectintheChineselanguageisexpressedbythreedynamicauxiliariestle,zhe,andguo.StudiesofthesethreewordshavelongdominatedlinguisticdebateinChina.Thisarticleattemptstoexplainthereasonsfortheformationoftheir"intricateusages"and"changeab1emeanings"bydetermining…     

Analytic Philosophy in China

本文考察了我国学术界对分析哲学研究的历史和现状,充分肯定了８０年代以来这一研究所取得的成果,并指出其存在的主要问题,如尚未完全摆脱简单化倾向,缺乏严格的逻辑论证,以结论取代逻辑论证等。作者认为,分析哲学方法对中国哲学研究具有重要意义,不仅可以规范中国传统哲学研究的基本领域,制定公认的研究准则,辨析概念的意义,摈弃无法证实的“心心相传”;更重要的是将科学理性和分析方法运用到马克思主义哲学研究中,使我们的哲学研究真正走科学和规范的道路。