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1.
Martin Guhn Bruno D. Zumbo Magdalena Janus Clyde Hertzman 《Social indicators research》2011,103(2):183-191
This paper delineates general validity and research questions that are underlying an ongoing program of research pertaining
to the Early Development Instrument (EDI, Janus and Offord 2007), a population-level measure, on which teachers rate kindergarten children’s developmental outcomes in the social, emotional,
physical, cognitive, and communicative domains. It describes the large-scale research projects that are using the EDI to measure
children’s developmental outcomes for entire populations (e.g., provinces, cities). Given the uniqueness of the EDI’s use
as monitoring tool, or social indicator, for children’s developmental health at an early age, we spell out the opportunities
and challenges that these projects provide with regard to validation research. The article sets the stage for the special
issue, as it is dedicated to showcase the different aspects of the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical validation research
as well as the collaborative community-based projects that are currently being undertaken with respect to the EDI. 相似文献
2.
The Early Development Instrument (EDI; Janus and Offord in Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 39:1–22, 2007) project is a Canadian population-level, longitudinal research project, in which teacher ratings of Kindergarten children’s
early development and wellbeing are linked to health and academic achievement variables at the individual level, and to demographic,
cultural, and socioeconomic variables at the community level. In this article, we draw from Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological
theory of human development to create a coherent theoretical framework for guiding validation research within a population-level
approach to child development research in general and for the EDI project in particular. The discussion draws from a range
of social and health sciences as well as validity theory. The paper seeks to align complex conceptual, theoretical, methodological,
and psychometric considerations, to provide specific design, methodology, and validation recommendations for a population-level
approach to studying children’s development and wellbeing, and to discuss the strengths and challenges of this approach. 相似文献
3.
Karen Adams Shannon Faulkhead Rachel Standfield Petah Atkinson 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(2):81-88
Background
The 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that Indigenous peoples have the right to self-determination for social and cultural development. This fundamental right has been impeded worldwide through colonisation where many Indigenous peoples have had to adapt to ensure continuation of cultural knowledge and practice. In South East Australia colonisation was particularly brutal interrupting a 65,000 year-old oral culture and archives have increasing importance for cultural revival.Aim
The aim of this research was to collate archival material on South East Australian Aboriginal women’s birthing knowledge and practice.Methods
Archivist research methods were employed involving a search for artefacts and compiling materials from these into a new collection. This process involved understanding the context of the artefact creation. Collaborative yarning methods were used to reflect on materials and their meaning.Findings
Artefacts found included materials written by non-Aboriginal men and women, materials written by Aboriginal women, oral histories, media reports and culturally significant sites. Material described practices that connected birth to country and the community of the women and their babies. Practices included active labour techniques, pain management, labour supports, songs for labour, ceremony and the role of Aboriginal midwives. Case studies of continuing cultural practice and revival were identified.Conclusion
Inclusion of Aboriginal women’s birthing practices and knowledge is crucial for reconciliation and self-determination. Challenging the colonisation of birthing, through the inclusion of Aboriginal knowledge and practice is imperative, as health practices inclusive of cultural knowledge are known to be more effective. 相似文献4.
There is an increasing support from international organizations and the research community for stepping beyond infant or child
mortality as the most common child level social indicator and progressing towards an international measure of child development.
The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a teacher-completed measure of children’s developmental health at school entry,
which to date has been used in more than a dozen countries. The EDI includes five developmental domains (Physical Health and
Well-being, Social Competence, Emotional Maturity, Language and Cognitive Development and Communication Skills and General
Knowledge) and 16 subdomains. This paper examines the EDI’s psychometric properties in four English-speaking countries (Canada,
Australia, United States and Jamaica) by evaluating both the internal consistency and factor structures, as well as exploring
the association between the EDI’s Language and Cognitive Development Domain and a direct assessment of children’s receptive
vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, PPVT). Overall, the factor loadings and internal consistencies of domains and
subdomains were similar across the countries. The comparisons of the Language and Cognitive Development Domain with the PPVT
showed high specificity and low sensitivity. The results of this paper indicate that the EDI, a measure of children’s developmental
status at school entry, demonstrates similar psychometric properties in a number of countries, thus building the evidence
for the instrument to be added to the limited array of internationally comparable child social indicators. 相似文献
5.
The convergent and discriminant validity of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher-rated assessment of children’s
“school readiness”, was investigated in a multicultural sample of 267 kindergarteners (53% male). Teachers evaluations on
the EDI, both overall and in five domains (physical health/well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language/cognition,
communication/general knowledge), were related to direct, child-based assessments of performance on two standardized measures
of school readiness, and measures of phonological awareness and early social competence. Regression analysis indicated that
together the four comparison measures accounted for 36% of variance in overall EDI scores, each making a significant and unique
contribution. Results supported the convergent validity of overall EDI scores but not the discriminant validity of EDI domain
scores. Moreover, correlations between EDI scores and comparison measures varied widely across teachers, suggesting considerable
individual differences in teacher’s ability to evaluate school readiness relative to direct, child-based assessments, and
confirming that the EDI is more appropriate for deriving inferences at higher aggregated levels such as community or region.
The validation of EDI domain scores remains an important challenge in future research. 相似文献
6.
The aim of the current paper was to examine the equivalence of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher rating measure
of school readiness, for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. The current study used an approach, which analyzes the structure
and properties of the EDI at the subdomain level. Similar subdomain score distributions would suggest that the EDI measures
subdomains similarly for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal groups, whereas systematic variations in distributions would suggest
the presence of bias at the subdomain level. The EDI was completed on a population of kindergarteners in 2003 in Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada. Results indicate that mean scores for all the domains and subdomains were significantly lower for Aboriginal
children. However, the distributions of subdomains in which children were rated as ‘challenges exist’ were similar among both
groups. The findings suggest an equivalent structure of the EDI at the subdomains level for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
children. The next step is to examine the specific correlates, beyond the structure of the EDI, that are associated with disparities
in EDI subdomain scores, such as contextual factors and social conditions. 相似文献
7.
Culture and Wellbeing: The Case of Indigenous Australians 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alfred Michael Dockery 《Social indicators research》2010,99(2):315-332
A recurring theme in Indigenous affairs in Australia is a tension between maintenance of Indigenous culture and achievement
of socio-economic ‘equity’: essentially ‘self-determination’ versus ‘assimilation’. Implicit in this tension is the view that
attachment to traditional cultures and lifestyles is a hindrance to achieving ‘mainstream’ economic goals. Using data from
the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, stronger attachment to traditional culture is found to be
associated with enhanced outcomes across a range of socio-economic indicators. This suggests Indigenous culture should be
viewed a part of the solution to Indigenous disadvantage in Australia, and not as part of the problem. 相似文献
8.
《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2021,34(6):578-584
BackgroundGlobally, rates of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy are highest among Indigenous women. The highest prevalence has been documented among Aboriginal women in the Northern Territory of Australia. Despite knowledge of this for over two decades, there has been very limited examination of the specific needs and experiences of Aboriginal women regarding this condition.QuestionHow do Aboriginal women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy understand and experience this condition, and how can their care be improved?MethodsA phenomenological methodology underpinned semi-structured in-depth interviews with 35 Aboriginal women and seven health professionals across the Northern Territory. Data were inductively analysed.FindingsThe findings revealed that in general, participants in this study could recite simple health messaging regarding diabetes (e.g. ‘no sugar’), but many lacked in-depth knowledge and this affected the management of their condition. Nevertheless, many identified pregnancy as a powerful motivator for change, signalling scope to improve health messaging. Women consistently expressed the need for diabetes education that was culturally appropriate, a clear desire for maternity care that was family-centred, based on respectful relationships with the same care provider, and respected Aboriginal ways of knowing and being.ConclusionExisting health messaging around hyperglycaemia in pregnancy has limited reach with Aboriginal women in the Northern Territory. Reducing the burden of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy among these women requires a sustained commitment to redesign of maternity and diabetes care to incorporate the cultural and social context of women’s lives. 相似文献
9.
Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks,credit rationing,and insurance 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this paper, we use a unique data set for Guatemala to estimate the effect of idiosyncratic shocks and credit constrains
on children’s labor supply and schooling decisions. We extend Rosenbaum and Rubin (J R Stat Soc B 45:212–218, 1983b) analysis to the case of a multinomial outcome by proposing an innovative sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of
the estimates with respect to the presence of unobservables. The results show that credit rationing is an important determinant
of school enrollment and children’s work. Exposure to negative shocks also strongly influences household decisions and pushes
children to work, while access to coping mechanisms, like insurance, tends to increase education and to reduce child labor. 相似文献
10.
Indigenous Peoples and Indicators of Well-being: Australian Perspectives on United Nations Global Frameworks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John Taylor 《Social indicators research》2008,87(1):111-126
One of the major tasks of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) following its establishment in
2000 has been to establish statistical profiles of the world’s Indigenous peoples. As part of this broad task, it has recommended
that the Millennium Development Goals and other global reporting frameworks should be assessed with a view to incorporating
greater recognition of Indigenous concerns, interests, and interpretations of development and well-being. This article reviews
the conceptual basis for this recommendation and compares the activities of the UNPFII towards the development of appropriate
indicators with the practices of the Australian government in measuring disadvantage among Indigenous peoples in that country.
Indigenous peoples’ own perceptions and understandings of well-being are seen to extend beyond and sometimes conflict with
conventional reporting frameworks with the latter constructed more around processes of governmentality than Indigenous priorities. 相似文献
11.
IssueThere is an underrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander midwives across Australia and an inadequate number of graduating midwives to redress this. A major pillar for the Birthing on Country Model is maternity care workforce development.AimThe purpose of this review is to examine the enablers and barriers that Aboriginal students experience while undertaking the Bachelor of Midwifery degree in Australia.MethodsA search of the literature was undertaken through electronic databases. When only three papers were found looking at the experiences of Aboriginal midwifery students the search was broadened to include Aboriginal undergraduate health students.FindingsThe literature review reported a strong need for cultural safety in both the clinical and education systems. Students with access to cultural supports, relationships with Aboriginal mentors and academics and Aboriginal clinical placements felt empowered and were able to navigate the ‘two worlds’ in a meaningful way.DiscussionThis review highlights a significant gap in the literature. Despite the expanded search terms to include Aboriginal health students, a relatively narrow range of papers were found. Interestingly, the combined search revealed similar themes: kinship, personal factors, and cultural issues.ConclusionEmpowering and supporting Aboriginal Peoples to become midwives is essential. While systems and societies aim for cultural safety, this review shows there is still a way to go. Further research is essential to decolonise higher education and health care systems, and provide strong, well supported pathways for Aboriginal midwifery students. 相似文献
12.
This paper starting point is the dynamic changes and shifts in the field of measuring and monitoring children’s well being.
In the paper we focus on one specific change – the “new” role of children in measuring and monitoring their own well being
– a role of active participants rather then of subjects for research. We then turn to present based on a sequence of arguments
and findings what role children should carry in measuring and monitoring their well being. Followed by a presentation of five
possible roles for children involvement in such studies and in regard to the specific roles existing knowledge from various
studies and suggested directions for future research are presented. The danger of children’s involvement is such studies are
then discussed followed by a presentation of what do children think on this all issue. Finally we conclude that the potential
involved in children’s involvement is much greater then the hazards. 相似文献
13.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
14.
Māori, the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, experience a range of negative outcomes. Psychological models and interventions
aiming to improve outcomes for Māori tend to be founded on a ‘culture-as-cure’ model. This view promotes cultural efficacy
as a critical resilience factor that should improve outcomes for Māori. This is a founding premise of initiatives for Indigenous
peoples in many nations. However, research modeling the outcomes of increased cultural efficacy for Indigenous peoples, such
as Māori, remains limited. We present cross-sectional data modeling the links, and possible causal direction, between Māori
cultural efficacy and active identity engagement and levels of (1) satisfaction with personal circumstances and life versus
(2) satisfaction with government and the state of the nation more generally (N = 93 Māori). Our data support an opposing outcomes model in which Māori cultural efficacy predicts satisfaction with personal
aspects of life, but may simultaneously decrease satisfaction with the nation and methods of governance for Māori peoples.
Possible mechanisms governing these opposing effects are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Tak-yan Lee Wai-man Kwong Chau-kiu Cheung Michael Ungar Maria Y. L. Cheung 《Social indicators research》2010,95(3):437-453
This paper reports the findings of a longitudinal childhood resilience study which investigated the relationship between resilience-related
beliefs and positive child development. Three waves of data collection (T1, T2, and T3) were completed in January 2005, July
2005, and January 2006 with a sample of 843 grade 4 pupils, drawn from six primary schools in Hong Kong, and their parents
or guardians. At T1, parents/guardians responded to a 24-item inventory of life adversities affecting their children since
birth; at T1 and T3, they completed a 25-item Parental Assessment of Child’s Habit, which provided parental evaluation of children’s performance at home and in school. At T1, T2, and T3, children responded
to a 58-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure, a 9-item scale on Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity, and an 11-item Chinese Resilience Measure for Children and Adolescents in Hong Kong. Regression analyses, based on linear mixed models, controlling for gender, T1 and T2 scores, personal variables, and random
effects of schools, were conducted to test and validate the hypothesis that children’s resilience beliefs are predictive of
positive child development, and that this predictive relationship is stronger with increasing adversity in children’s lives.
Implications of these findings for the development of resilience-based interventions to enhance the quality of life of children
facing adversities are examined. 相似文献
16.
The Bridges and Foundations Project on Urban Aboriginal Housing, a Community-University Research Alliance (CURA) project financed
primarily by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
(CMHC), has been operational in Saskatoon since early 2001. During these past 5 years over 50 specific research projects,
community surveys, graduate theses, workshops, conferences, seminars and other meetings have been conducted under the auspices
of the Bridges and Foundations Project as a whole. This paper first discusses the various social indicators employed in seven
surveys, which probed deeply into the views of local Aboriginal residents of their quality of life, particularly their living
conditions and affordable housing. The paper focuses less on the vast amount of data gathered from some 2,000 residents than
on the relevance of social indicators used in these surveys—for example which were most or least informative, and which were
of most or least interest and pertinence to the residents themselves. In the process it would seem pertinent to discern which
of various research approaches seemed, in retrospect, to have been most appropriate, informative and beneficial. The paper
then proceeds to place our experience in the Bridges and Foundations Project within a broader theoretical discussion of social
indicator development; and concludes with a brief commentary on the linkages between theory and research and between academic
and community-based research. 相似文献
17.
Catrina Felton-Busch Sarah Larkins 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(1):6-15
Problem
Australian Aboriginal women’s aspirations for birthing on country (having our babies born on our traditional land) are increasingly being reported in Australian scholarly and policy literature. However given the paucity of publications authored by Aboriginal Australians from remote areas of Australia, how well can the current knowledge base in Australia inform the development of culturally appropriate maternity services for our communities?Objective
The aim of this literature review is to critically analyse the policy documents informing maternity services policy and scholarly literature on the birthing experiences (including the provision of maternity services) of Aboriginal Australian women from remote communities from an Indigenous standpoint.Method
Policy documents and scholarly literature were critically analysed to identify who the authors were, their background, approaches and perspectives; and emergent themes. A further analysis of the literature drew on Fairclough’s ideas on discourse, power and hegemony.Findings
A critical discourse analysis of this literature exposed how these texts are ideologically shaped to give voice (and power) to the medical fraternity, maternity care services practitioners and policy makers (whose knowledge is valued) while simultaneously silencing the voices of Aboriginal Australians that pose a challenge to that power.Conclusion
This critical review of current literature highlights the importance of ongoing critique of maternity services policy and practice discourse necessary to combat western medical hegemony that maintains the disenfranchisement of Aboriginal Australians. 相似文献18.
A Sociodemographic Risk Index 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
In this paper, we conceptualize and develop an index of sociodemographic risk that we hypothesize will be an improvement over
the standard poverty measure as a measure of risk for children’s development. The poverty line is widely used in government
statistics and in research but is also widely acknowledged to have multiple shortcomings. Using recent data from the National
Survey of America’s Families, we develop and examine a Sociodemographic Risk Index for two potential purposes: (a) to serve
as a summary indicator of children’s environments that affect their well-being, and (b) to serve as a variable that can be
used to identify at-risk subgroups of children whose well-being should be examined separately in indicator reports. Based
on substantial research on children’s development, we chose five variables for the index: family income, family structure,
parent education, family size, and home ownership. An additive sociodemographic risk index using these variables is strongly
associated with multiple measures of child well-being in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Hence, it serves as a good
marker of risk for children and therefore as an indicator that could be monitored over time, across groups, and across places,
as well as a variable that could be used to identify subgroups of at-risk children whose well-being should be monitored. However,
analyses do not indicate that it performs better at identifying at-risk children than the current poverty measure. Therefore,
we recommend the Sociodemographic Risk Index primarily as an additional summary indicator to be monitored, rather than as
a replacement for the poverty measure. 相似文献
19.
Maralani V 《Demography》2008,45(3):693-717
Many studies from developed countries show a negative correlation between family size and children’s schooling, while results
from developing countries show this association ranging from positive to neutral to negative, depending on the context. The
body of evidence suggests that this relationship changes as a society develops, but this theory has been difficult to assess
because the existing evidence requires comparisons across countries with different social structures and at different levels
of development. The world’s fourth most populous nation in 2007, Indonesia has developed rapidly in recent decades. This context
provides the opportunity to study these relationships within the same rapidly developing setting to see if and how these associations
change. Results show that in urban areas, the association between family size and children’s schooling was positive for older
cohorts but negative for more recent cohorts. Models using instrumental variables to address the potential endogeneity of
fertility con rm these results. In contrast, rural areas show no significant association between family size and children’s
schooling for any cohort. These findings show how the relationship between family size and children’s schooling can differ
within the same country and change over time as contextual factors evolve with socioeconomic development. 相似文献
20.
The objective of this study was to investigate the substantive aspect of construct validity of the Satisfaction with Life
Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C; Gadermann et al. in Soc Indic Res 96:229–247, 2010). Specifically, the study examined the cognitive processes of children when responding to the items of the SWLS-C to find
out how they interpret and respond to the items. Think-aloud protocol interviews were conducted with 55 students in grades
4–7 (58% girls, mean age of 11 years, ranging from 8.8 to 12.8 years) and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The
findings indicate that most children had no difficulty in understanding the items, and used mainly two strategies for responding
to the items: (1) an absolute strategy, in which children used absolute statements to indicate the presence or absence of
something that is important for their judgment of their satisfaction with life, and (2) a relative strategy, in which children
used relative or comparative statements. In the absolute statements, children primarily referred to social relationships,
personal characteristics, time use, and possessions. In the relative statements, the children primarily compared what they
have to (a) what they want (b) what they had in the past, (c) what other people have, and (d) what they feel they need. Furthermore,
most children considered it important that information on their life satisfaction is obtained. The results are discussed with
regard to multiple discrepancies theory (Michalos in Soc Indic Res 16:347–413, 1985) and previous empirical findings. The results provide insights into children’s cognitive processes when responding to items
on life satisfaction and provide validity evidence that the SWLS-C is an appropriate measure to assess life satisfaction in
children of this age. 相似文献