国际化战略实施与高层管理团队构成实证研究

利用信息处理理论和高阶梯队理论考察国际化战略实施对高层管理团队特征(年龄、任期、教育水平及其异质性、团队规模等)选择的要求.研究结果表明:企业国际化战略的实施需要拥有某些特定属性的高层管理团队;企业国际化程度越高,要求高层管理团队任期越短、任期异质性越小,而且团队规模和教育水平异质性越大;良好的制度建设和经营管理是确保选择合理的高层管理团队执行国际化战略的重要影响因素.     

高层管理团队领导行为对团队绩效的影响机制:案例研究

针对现有文献在深入揭示领导行为对团队绩效作用机理方面尚有不足,旨在为管理者创建高绩效的高层管理团队提供理论指导,并完善领导行为对团队绩效作用机制的理论研究.首先,依据系统论和团队"输入-过程-输出"(IPO)理论,提出了高层管理团队领导行为对团队绩效作用机制的理论模型.然后,采用案例研究方法,以公共部门的一个高层管理团队为研究对象,揭示高层管理团队领导行为影响团队绩效的内在机制.最后,在通过归纳与编码识别了团队领导过程中关键变量的基础上,验证和修订了理论模型.研究表明,高层管理团队领导行为通过团队过程、团队成员以及团队环境等变量影响团队绩效,且各变量之间存在交互影响作用.     

高管团队冲突、凝聚力与决策质量的实证研究

一直以来,学术界呼吁加强对企业高层管理团队过程的研究,以打开这一"黑箱".本文通过对中国企业高层管理团队冲突、凝聚力和决策质量这三个团队过程中关键变量的关系的实证研究,发现团队内情绪冲突的增多会降低决策的质量,而凝聚力中的士气感则有利于决策质量的提高.另外,凝聚力中的归属感有利于情绪冲突的减少,从而间接提高了决策质量.本文一方面理论上补充了高层管理团队理论中对过程的研究,另一方面从团队过程的角度提出了加强团队决策质量的有效措施.     

高管团队内部动态特征实证研究

通过对中国企业高层管理团队内部动态特征(以沟通、冲突与决策质量作为3个关键变量)的实证研究,发现高层管理团队沟通规范有利于决策质量的提高,而高层管理团队内情绪冲突的增多会降低决策的质量.此外,高层管理团队沟通规范也促进团队内认知冲突的增加.研究结论指出了高层管理团队内部动态特征之间的联系,同时也为业界提高高层管理团队决策质量,进而增进团队绩效提供了方向.     

高层管理团队研究综述

自从Ham-brick和Mason提出＂高层梯队理论＂以来,关于高层管理团队（TMT）的国内外研究都取得了大量的成果,本文对这些成果进行了综述。已有的高层管理团队的研究在两个方向展开：一个是直接研究高层管理团队的特征与组织绩效的关系,另一个是研究团队组成、团队运作过程与组织绩效的关系。最后本文详细分析了已有研究的不足,并提出改进建议。     

家长式领导对高层管理团队成员创造力的作用机制研究

基于对57个高科技企业高层管理团队中的配对数据分析,对家长式领导行为、心理授权、权力距离和集体主义价值观影响高层管理团队成员创造力的方式进行探究。研究发现,CEO的家长式领导行为对团队成员创造力具有显著的正向影响,团队成员的心理授权在其中起完全中介作用。此外,家长式领导对不同价值取向的团队成员的心理授权产生了不同的影响,即团队成员的权力距离取向越高,或者集体主义取向越高,威权领导对其心理授权的负向影响越弱;团队成员的集体主义取向越高,仁慈领导对其心理授权的正向影响越弱。     

MBA学生团队学习效果及影响因素研究

团队学习是管理教育中普遍存在的教学方式。以158名M BA学生组成的35个学习团队为样本,侧重探讨团队内部的认知活动和人际互动的质量对团队学习效果的影响。研究结果发现:团队成员间的沟通质量影响团队共享心智模型的建立,从而影响团队学习效果;团队成员中搭便车的行为会对团队成员的满意度产生消极影响,并降低团队学习效果;团队成员在学习中沟通和人际互动的质量会影响到学习之外的友谊关系。     

不同团队类型研发人员知识共享意愿激励的实证研究

构建了基于2种团队类型的企业研发人员知识共享意愿激励模型,并采用问卷调查法,运用相关分析和层级逐步回归分析对回收的339份有效问卷数据进行假设验证。研究发现:影响研发人员知识共享意愿的最大因素是属于内在激励的助人所得乐趣;无论是在职能团队还是在跨职能团队中,内在激励对研发人员知识共享意愿均有显著正向影响;团队类型对外在激励因素(组织报酬因素)与知识共享意愿关系具有显著调节作用,即在跨职能团队中外在激励对研发人员知识共享意愿有显著正向影响,而在职能团队中外在激励对知识共享意愿则呈现弱的负向影响。     

权威类型、决策程序对高层管理团队决策结果影响的实验研究

随着企业管理环境的复杂多变,高层管理团队中客观存在的各种类型的权威将会对决策的结果起到怎样的作用,已成为企业重大决策非常关注的科学问题.本文利用200多名MBA学生开展了权威类型、决策程序对高层管理团队决策结果影响的实验研究,结果表明有知识权威和复合权威的团队能够明显提高高层决策结果的质量,引导组织决策得到满意、认可的决策方案,同时权威采取的决策程序对于结果的一致性也会有一定的影响等,其研究结论将为高层管理团队的组成和决策效率的提高提供有益的参考.     

领导行为与人际关系对酒店企业群体内聚力的影响及其后果

以组织行为和管理理论中关于群体内聚力的讨论为基础,实证探讨了中国酒店企业中,领导行为与员工之间的人际关系对群体内聚力的影响,以及群体内聚力与员工工作满意感之间的关系.研究结果表明:人际关系、任务导向型领导行为和体恤支持型领导行为会正向影响群体内聚力,但创新适应型领导行为对群体内聚力的影响不显著;群体内聚力对员工工作满意感有显著正向影响;群体内聚力对于人际关系和员工工作满意感之间的关系,以及任务导向型领导行为和员工工作满意感之间的关系有完全的中介作用,对于体恤支持型领导行为和员工工作满意感之间的关系有部分的中介作用,但对于创新适应型领导行为和员工工作满意感之间的关系却无中介作用.最后,讨论了研究结果的应用.     

家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制研究:以团队凝聚力为中介变量

本文通过对108家中国企业的高管团队问卷调查所获得的数据的分析,探讨了CEO的家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制,结果表明:仁慈领导和德行领导对团队有效性有显著的积极影响,威权领导对团队有效性有显著的消极影响;团队凝聚力起到了部分中介的作用,威权领导通过降低团队凝聚力对团队有效性产生负面影响.     

Team flexibility's relationship to staffing and performance in complex projects: An empirical analysis

We examine the role of flexibility in project team effectiveness. Specifically, we hypothesize that (1) it will mediate the relationship between staffing quality and effectiveness and (2) its relationship with team effectiveness will be moderated by project complexity, where more flexibility will be required when projects are complex. Hypotheses are tested using data collected from 60 cross-functional project teams. The results indicated that flexibility mediates the relationship between staffing quality and team performance (goal achievement and cohesion, but not project efficiency). Additionally, we find that two-dimensions of project complexity moderate the flexibility–performance relationship. Specifically, the more alternatives a team must consider, the stronger the negative relationship between flexibility and project efficiency is. The flexibility–cohesion relationship also was moderated, such that the relationship is more positive when the project is more ambiguous and more negative when the project team faces many alternatives. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Can a team have too much cohesion? The dark side to network density

The goal of most work teams is high performance. Prior studies suggest that performance within work groups is influenced by that group’s social network topology. Research has generally revealed to date that group cohesion (i.e., network density) is positively related to team performance under certain conditions. However, more recent research has indicated that this is not the full story. Recent research suggests that an inverse curvilinear relationship exists between social network measures (of which group cohesion is one) and team performance. In response to the need for understanding this relationship more fully, and leveraging the promising new insights that can be garnered with the use of social network analysis (SNA), this study employs SNA as a tool to explore the structural cohesiveness of teams of travel agents. This research extends our understanding of the relationship between intragroup social network relations and team performance by confirming an inverse curvilinear relationship exists between group cohesion and team performance. This paper leverages email communication to determine the social networks of each team, and then examines such in light of team performance. In total, an analysis of more than 7 million emails was undertaken. This study was conducted with work teams within a service organization. Each team in the study carries out the same tasks, i.e., identical task contingency, yet represents a distinct unit of analysis. The study confirms that social network topology is a valuable predictor of team performance and confirms that, like so many other social network measures, group cohesion and team performance share an inverse ‘U’ shaped relationship, not strictly a positive one as previously posited.     

The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion,team task performance and service OCB

How does servant leaders' unique ability to place each follower's needs above their own influence relationships between followers and impact their collective performance? In a study that integrates principles of servant leadership with the social comparison theoretical framework, we tested a group-level model to examine how servant leadership induces low perceived differentiation in leader-member relationship quality (perceived LMX differentiation) within a group, which strengthens team cohesion and in turn positively influences team task performance and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (service OCB). Our sample comprised 229 employees nested in 67 work teams. Structural equation modeling results indicate that servant leadership significantly predicts low perceived LMX differentiation; perceived LMX differentiation is strongly related to team cohesion such that the lower the perceived differentiation, the stronger the team's cohesiveness. And, team cohesion is also strongly related to both the team's task performance and service OCB. Perceived LMX differentiation and team cohesion mediate the effect of servant leadership on both team task performance and service OCB.     

Mitigating the Impact of Functional Dominance in Cross‐Functional Process Improvement Teams

Manufacturing process improvement teams often draw upon cross‐functional expertise. However, teams dominated by a single or few functions often do not achieve the desired interdisciplinary learning and cooperation, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of that cross‐functional team. Through an empirical analysis of 149 manufacturing process improvement teams in six SIC industrial categories, we show that even after controlling for several factors such as team size, number of functions, gender diversity, ethnicity, number of management levels, and geographic dispersion of team members, psychological safety of work environment fully mediates the relationship between functional dominance and team performance. We also confirm that a team leader possessing high interpersonal justice mitigates the deficiency of dominated teams and improves team performance by fostering a psychologically safe work environment. Our recommendation therefore is that when a dominated team is unavoidable due to the needed skill sets or other organizational considerations, to ensure success it is imperative that the firm chooses a team leader who can promote psychological safety by being just, and who can effectively encourage input from all functional team members and give them objective feedback.     

团队两种多样性、互动行为与学习能力关系的研究

团队学习的研究重点已由基本问题界定(定义、类型等)扩展到对其机理(前因、后果关系等)的详尽探讨,但团队多样性与团队学习关系的研究尚显不足。本文定义了团队目标偏好多样性与知识经验多样性两个概念,之后详细探讨两种多样性如何影响团队学习能力。实证研究结果显示:团队目标偏好多样性越高,团队学习能力越弱;团队知识经验多样性越高,团队学习能力越强;两种导向的互动行为是调节多样性与团队学习能力关系的重要变量,当事实导向互动行为与情感导向互动行为比较多时,目标偏好多样性对团队学习能力的负向影响作用减弱,知识经验多样性对团队学习能力的正向影响作用增强;两种多样性通过团队学习能力的中介作用而间接影响团队绩效。     

The impact of project team characteristics and client collaboration on project agility and project success: An empirical study

Although many companies pursue agile projects, extant literature reveals a lack of research on project agility determinants. This study examines the project team characteristics' impact on project agility and success using cross-sectional survey data from 292 agile projects. Using agile principles and complex adaptive systems theory, we find that project team autonomy, team diversity, and client collaboration have significant positive relationships with project agility. Project agility, in turn, has a significant positive relationship to project success. We measure project success by on-time completion, on-budget completion, specifications' attainment, and success rating by the project sponsor, client, and project team members. We find that project team members' adaptive performance partially mediates the relationship between project agility and success. These results guide agile project managers while facilitating team members to independently schedule their work, determine effective work methods, and develop innovative solutions. Moreover, they help agile managers recruit team members with relevant, diverse skill sets, domain knowledge, and expertise. Agile project managers must emphasize client collaboration in requirements gathering, designing, testing, and project reviews.     

Cultural and societal influences on shared leadership in globally dispersed teams

Leading globally dispersed teams poses critical challenges, especially if the team members are not only physically separated, but also culturally diverse and their tasks are dynamic and complex. It has been argued that shared leadership behaviors, such as continuous reflection, anticipation of a team's information needs, and initiating a team's social influence, positively influence virtual team performance. Country-level effects on shared leadership in globally dispersed teams, however, have been neglected. Building on the country institutional profile developed by Kostova (1997), we argue that regulative, cognitive, and normative components influence the likelihood that the individual will engage in shared leadership behaviors. Analyzing the differences between the institutional profiles of team members' home countries as reflected in institutional diversity as a team-level property, we furthermore point to different levels of institutional diversity as an enabling or hindering condition of shared leadership.     

Top Management Team Internationalization and Firm-level Internationalization: The Moderating Effects of Home-region Institutional Diversity and Firm Global Focus

The factors that determine firms' levels of internationalization remain a focal area of international business research. Within this research stream, studies building on the upper echelons theory have investigated the influence of the demographic characteristics of the top management team (TMT) on firms' international expansion. However, the literature to date has overlooked the TMT's overall degree of internationalization as a key driver of firm-level internationalization. In our paper, we argue that by having self-selected into careers abroad, foreign TMT members by definition have a higher cognitive tolerance of foreignness than domestic TMT members do. We theorize that foreign TMT members' higher cognitive tolerance for foreignness enhances the overall TMT's level of international attention and international trust, thereby facilitating strategic decisions that favor firm-level internationalization. Additionally, we propose two key contingencies that attenuate this relationship: the institutional diversity of the firm's home region and the firm's global focus. Analysis of Fortune Global 500 firms supports the hypothesized relationship between TMT internationalization and firm-level internationalization, as well as the two moderation effects.     

项目团队成员怠工行为修正的理论模型

项目团队并不总能实现预期目标,项目团队中存在的某些问题属于怠工行为的表现,项目团队中怠工行为修正亟待研究。采用定性研究方法,按照行为修正分析模式,以行为修正理论、态度改变理论、态度与行为理论、认知平衡理论等为理论基础,经理论与文献研究提出:项目团队成员怠工行为与项目团队绩效的关系、工作态度在工作情境认知与怠工行为之间中介作用关系、团队文化认知在工作情境认知与工作态度之间调节作用关系,从而构建起项目团队成员怠工行为修正的理论模型。