审视与对策：当代青少年的宗教信仰

当代青少年信仰宗教,是一种实际存正的社会现象.对此,应该如何审视?审视之后,又应该采取何种对策?这是本文试图回答的问题.本文认为,当代青少年信仰宗教,主要有三种途经:一是家庭影响,二是从众心理,三是真诚信仰.当代青少年信仰宗教,既有客观原因,也有主观因素.社会转型所带来的主流意识的缺场和主流价值观的软弱,"一切向钱看"所导致的精神贫瘠和信仰危机以及逐渐恶化的社会生态环境,致使宗教所宣扬的那种超越精神、道德戒律和所践履的慈悲济世的生活方式,对正在成长的青少年充满了吸引力,这是客观原因.青少年信仰宗教,既有好奇心理的驱动.也有心理压力的宣泄;既有对精神家园的追求,也有对未来生活的向往,则是其主观因素.对青少年信仰宗教,本文认为.既不要大惊小怪,也不要惊慌失措,应该将其视为社会转型时期出现的正常现象.对青少年信仰宗教,应该:第一,不能视而不见,放任自流,而要积极引导青少年宗教信徒走与社会主义社会相适应的道路;第二,应深刻检讨青少年教育工作的滞后、失误乃至在位缺失;第三,最根本的是要进一步解放思想,大力改革青少年教育工作,从思路到方法,都要与时俱进,特别是要以社会主义核心价值净化社会环境,也就是说青少年教育工作必须与反腐倡廉相结合.     

遏制宗教极端思想向青少年渗透蔓延的几点思考

青少年是祖国的花朵,是民族的希望。近年来,宗教极端思想和非法宗教活动向青少年渗透蔓延加剧,严重影响各族青少年健康成长。找准宗教极端思想和非法宗教活动向青少年渗透蔓延的途径和危害,研究对策,坚持不懈地用社会主义核心价值体系引导青少年,始终是社会各界不容忽视的重大课题。     

美国青少年反叛性降低、拜金者剧增

根据最近的盖洛普民意调查,认为十几岁的美国青少年多趋于疏离、反叛和吸毒的想法并不可靠;把青少年描述成反抗和挑衅,惹麻烦,有时甚至自暴自弃的新闻报道也并不正确,大多数美国青少年是过着一般正常生活的孩子. 他们是否拒绝宗教呢?没有那回事.盖洛普调查结果表明,青少年倾向于信仰宗教的比例与成人一样,每一组群达百分之九十五.而他们到教堂去的比例比成人还高些(青少年为     

青少年“在家教育”现状与宗教因素分析

作为一场社会运动的"在家教育",起源于20世纪中后期的美国,并逐渐绵延至世界其他国家。近年来,中国大陆地区的"在家教育"主要有"私塾形态的古典教育"和"基于宗教原因的在家教育"两大类。宗教因素特别是基督教信仰在全球范围内的青少年在家教育中起着非常重要的推动作用。与教育世俗化之间的冲突,也使青少年"在家教育"的未来发展充满变数。     

美国的青少年

一九八三年,为了摸清美国的青少年对学校、朋友、宗教和世界的看法,美国全国中学负责人协会对美国的高中生进行了一次全国性的调查。他们从全国挑选出1500个青少年,通过与之接触和交谈,得到了如下的数据。 1.现在,美国98％以上的青少年在初中或高中学习(7—12年级)。这些青少年们知道,为了将来能够跨进一所学院或大学,他们应该出类拔萃,并且能在象“智能测验”(ScholasticAptitude Test)这样的全国性考试中取得优秀的成绩。否则,他们可能就不会有好的机会     

青少年的主观幸福感、价值体系和职业认同——韩国和中国的比较

由于过度的教育热和以取得的成就为中心的竞争观念加上物质主义的价值体系,反而使韩国国民的主观幸福感处于急剧下降的危机中。通过对韩国和中国青少年的比较发现,韩国和中国的青少年价值观有差异性,但相似性似乎更具优势。具体来看,认为家庭朋友更重要,重视休假、健康、工作等价值观,"权利"的重视度两国青少年共同处于比较低的比率。"宗教"、"学历"和"金钱"的重视度中可以看出韩-中之间的差异:对学历的重视度中国青少年更高,而韩国青少年对金钱的重视程度则更高。韩国国民的价值体系应该向"后物质主义"转换,这意味着社会"创造性资本主义"的发展。     

宗教世俗化与伊斯兰原教旨主义的产生

宗教的世俗化与宗教所处的时代紧密相连,而它的神圣化与世俗化是对化解不开的矛盾.宗教的本质要求宗教神圣化,而其世俗化又不以人的意志为转移,并不可能完全世俗化,当宗教世俗化达到一定程度时,又会要求尊重其神圣性的一面.极端的宗教世俗化必然会导致极端的宗教神圣化,这就是现代伊斯兰原教旨主义产生的内在原因之一.     

霍尔论青少年心理发展的十大特征

G．S．霍尔（G．S．Hall）系美国心理学家，国际青少年研究的发起人之一。霍尔认为，正常的心理发展包括一系列进化阶段。这一信念使他先对儿童，后来又对青少年进行了心理学研究。1904年，霍尔刊市其重要著作《青少年：它的心理学及其与生理学、人类学、社会学、性、犯罪、宗教和教育的关系》。这不仅是一部包罗青少年心理资料的百科全书，而且对霍尔关于发展的“复演说”作了最完整的说明。霍尔认为青少年的发展具有如下一些特征：（－）精力过分旺盛和无精打来青少年可以有几小时、几天、几周或者几个月精力过分的旺盛，他们热衷于打破…     

浅析新时代下的我国青少年社会工作

青少年是祖国的未来,近年来政府越加重视与青少年相关的工作领域,因为社会的长远建设和进步与青少年的发展离不开.青少年社会工作就是一种以青少年为服务对象的社会工作,在近年受到广泛关注.此文从四方面探讨青少年社会工作:青少年社会工作的概念,青少年社会工作的现状及时代特征,青少年社会工作方法探索,希望借此为青少年社会工作的本土发展提供相应的借鉴.     

扑朔迷离的古埃及宗教

宗教是世界文化的一个重要组成部分.不同民族的宗教反映着不同的民族精神,同时也是不同民族哲学、文学和艺术等领域的取之不尽的源泉. 古代埃及的宗教是埃及学研究的课题之一.埃及文化的断代造成了研究古代埃及宗教的困难,加之我国埃及学刚刚起步,因此,目前在我国研究古埃及宗教实属难上加难.本文就笔者所了解的一些古埃及宗教的情况作一粗浅的探讨,希望有关专家与读者不吝指教.     

Alligators in the sewer,dragons in the well and Freud in the toilet

One of the most popular of all urban legends is the story about alligators in the sewers of New York (abbreviated AIS story). While previous investigations have been concerned with the historical origins of AIS stories, this article is concerned with developing a psychoanalytic explanation which accounts for the continuing popularity of such stories. In developing such an explanation, this article makes use of the association between‘penis’ and ‘feces,’ an association that is very likely among the earliest associations formed in the human mind. Given the penis = feces association, and given Freud's suggestion that the young child will typically take defecation as a model for castration, it is argued that AIS stories are ultimately concerned with castration. The fact that ‘castration’ has different connotations for males and females helps to explain some of the details invariably incorporated into an AIS story. Finally, the argument developed in connection with modern AIS stories is used to provide a new perspective upon traditional English stories about dragons.     

Constructions of Europe in the run-up to the EU referendum in the UK

The paper reports findings from a focus group study on representations of Europe, conducted in England in the run-up to the UK EU referendum. Four themes were identified in the analysis: ‘cultured Europe’; ‘little Europe/global Britain’; ‘Europe as a cultural threat’; and ‘Eastern vs. Western Europe’. Analysis of these themes showed that Europe was an ambivalent identity category that could encapsulate contrary ideas such as cosmopolitanism/isolationism and cultural enrichment/undermining. Europe’s relation to Britain was also ambivalent in the data. Britain could be positioned as superior to Europe, sometimes being seen as closer to the ‘European essence’ in the context of the EU’s eastward expansion, which was seen as diluting European culture. But, Britain could also be seen as backward compared to the idea of cosmopolitan continental Europe. These different lines of argument and their ideological underpinnings are explored in the discussion of the findings.     

Reviewing the Relationship Between the Voluntary Sector and the State in Britain in the 1990s

There have been three major analytical reviews that have examined the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 1990s, one undertaken by government in 1990 and the other two independently in 1993 and 1996. This article suggests that an historical understanding of this relationship (especially in terms of its sociopolitical dimensions) is crucial, but was missing from the 1990 review and misrepresented by the 1993 review. The 1996 document has been subjected to harsh criticism, but it was arguably sounder in its understanding of this fundamental issue. The national compact between representatives of the voluntary sector and the state, launched at the end of 1998, has built upon the arguments put forward in 1996. However, the paper suggests that given the vexed history of partnership between the sectors and the extent to which the statutory sector has become the dominant partner at the end of the 20th century, it would be premature to be overly optimistic. The paper examines three major shifts in the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 20th century, before reviewing the 1990s' documents in more detail.     

Aesthetes in the marketplace: Collectors in the gun business

Marketplaces can provide settings for the appreciation of beauty and the creation of community. The author examines how gun collectors who buy and sell guns continue to see themselves as aesthetes rather than dealers. Gun collector-dealers turn economic encounters at commercial gun shows into occasions for teaching others the symbolic uses of guns — as artifacts, curios, andobjets d'art. Economic relations can produce aesthetic value even when the objects exchanged are conventionally defined as symbols of violence and not beauty.     

Interethnic marriages in the USSR in the mid-1930s

"The present article will attempt to determine the extent of interethnic marriage in the Soviet Union in the mid-1930s, utilizing materials from the Central Statistical Administration of the USSR." Interethnic marriage is analyzed according to Union Republic, rural or urban area, and socioeconomic and cultural development.     

Resiliency in the Aftermath of Repetitious Violence in the Workplace

Summary

The definition and occurrence of traumatic events is expanding and impacts everyone's lives in some way. The degree to which a violent event impacts an individual, a group, a workplace or the community varies. Unfortunately violent events are all too common. Businesses are realizing the significance of violence as a workplace problem and the varying degrees of trauma that has a devastating impact on employee retention, workplace functionality and personal well-being. The events can include industrial or natural disasters; worksite accidents; organizational changes; suicide; homicides; robbery; assault; threats of violence and even terrorism. How prepared an organization is varies and may be correlated with how resilient individuals and the entire workplace are after workplace violence/trauma. This article focuses on what workplace violence and trauma includes, the effects of repeat events, how resilient people are while trying to prevent additional events if possible in the workplace.     

Economic socialization in the kibbutz and the town in Israel

This study compared the economic understanding and attitudes of children living in the city with those living in a kibbutz, collective villages where an extreme socialist lifestyle is practised and preached. The differences in the answer patterns of the urban and kibbutz children were not very large, but the pattern was clear, and in keeping with the dominant ideology in both places: socialist in the kibbutz, middle-class capitalist in the city.     

Settlement evolution in the Arena society in the urban field

Post-modern spatial relationships at the outer edge of Toronto's urban field are interpreted within the context of the Arena Society and urban field concepts. Custom census tabulations of commuting and migration show that although there are strong migration ties between Toronto and communities in the south Georgian Bay study area, most work trips are short and link settlements to the next place up the local settlement hierarchy. Migration from rural townships to urban areas, and between communities in the study area is also significant. A case study of Thornbury demonstrates that it is an ‘Amenity/Affinity/Niche’ community as suggested by the two concepts. It has developed a strong retail/service sector in response to the post-modern conditions facilitating economic links to Toronto and the ‘Golden Horseshoe’, but has also attracted tourists and residents because of its accessible location and appealing amenity characteristics. Local diversification as suggested by the Arena Society concept has combined with the economic interaction proposed by the urban field literature to stimulate settlements in the study area. The Arena Society and urban field concepts are mirror images and should be employed together when interpreting post-industrial settlement evolution.