父亲参与育儿的中日比较研究

在少子化、独生子女化的时代背景下，随着代际的更替，中国和日本年轻人的社会、家庭角色观念正在发生变化，这种变化同样表现在育儿理念、育儿方式方面。在实行女性终身就业制度的中国．育儿期父母往往依赖自己的双亲，帮助抚育年幼的孩子。而在日本，传统的“男外女内”的夫妻角色分工正在受到挑战，越来越多的日本已婚女性希望延续职业生涯，在工作与家庭角色之间寻求平衡。与此同时，科学的进步和优生优育理念的普及。使当代人对科学喂养、早期教育、父亲参与育儿等更为关注，并试图在育儿过程中加以履行。但是，现实生活中，社会的育儿福利政策、企业的工作环境、职业的竞争压力等都使年轻父母不可避免地遭遇社会角色和家庭角色的冲突。面对“两难”困境，除了家庭内部，尤其是夫妻间需要进行角色调适外，更需要政府制定和改善有利于育儿的福利制度，企业给予育儿期父母合适的待遇．社会提供更多缓解育儿焦虑的支持。本研究客观描述了中日两国父亲参与育儿的现状，而且试图发现影响父亲角色转换的一系列相关因素，并对此提出制度改善和社会支持的建议。     

“跨代育儿组合”与中国独生子女的养育——评《中国独生子女政策与多重照顾》

独生子女的照顾与养育是城市家庭面临的重要事务。在强调相互影响的“双向模型”理论导引下，将中国城市家庭对独生子女的养育过程还原到跨代育儿的家庭系统之中，《多重照顾》由此给读者呈现了儿童作为社会行动者的能动性，展示了他们与由父辈、祖辈共同构成的跨代育儿组合的互动过程，用丰富的经验数据揭示了跨代育儿组合内部的动态性与复杂性。“双向模型”、“跨代育儿组合”等理论性概念的提出，对于中国独生子女养育的实践与研究具有重要的启发意义。     

挪威育儿家庭政策的经验

育儿不再只是一个纯粹的家庭问题,也是关于福利国家和性别平等争论的主要战场。在育儿家庭政策方面有代表性的是北欧国家,挪威在育儿方面的政策制定和实施经验,具有一定的代表性,在国际视野中,挪威的育儿家庭政策不仅是"妇女友好"的福利政策,同时也是"孩子友好"的福利政策,对我国出台育儿家庭政策可提供一定的借鉴,包括制定法定的休假政策、采取局部地区试点实施和设立专门的机构加强监管。     

日本少子化和家庭育儿费用

日本是少子化非常严重的国家,而在近二十年低迷的经济环境里,日本家庭的育儿费用在家庭总收入的比率却一直没有减少过。经济压力降低了他们的生育热情,所以高额的育儿费用导致低出生率的一个重要因素。     

青年白领的育儿压力与教养期望

子女养育问题是青年人面临的主要压力之一。对上海青年白领的育儿行为和压力调查发现,青年白领父母重视子女的教育投资和择校筹谋,重视子女的社会适应性和竞争力培养,对子女的生活幸福期望高于事业期望。育儿压力并非来自于实际承担的照料责任,而是源于自身生存压力的投射,以及对子女成为"快乐精英"的教养期望。     

父亲育儿假：国际经验的启示和借鉴

我国目前实行的男方“晚育护理假”主要出于对少生晚育公民的一种奖励。而国际社会通行的“父亲假”或“育儿假”遵循的是儿童照顾、父亲责任和性别平等的理念。本文分析了前者的局限性，建议借鉴国际社会的经验设立“父亲照顾假”，并探讨了对相关法律、法规进行修改的可行性和具体条文。     

小儿难养，专家支招“有亲有度”

2013年，关注“家庭育儿”的电视剧《小儿难养》、《双独家庭》、《宝贝》轮番热播。随着育儿大潮再次来临，隔代教育所产生的新问题已成为最主要的家庭矛盾。恰逢六一儿童节到来，本刊特邀专家就这一话题做深度解读。     

父职参与对男性自身成长的积极效应——上海的经验研究

随着现代化、城市化的进程，中国城市女性普遍就业，双职工家庭成为城市家庭的主流，“男主外，女主内”的传统性别分工模式得以改变，父亲或多或少地分担了日常的子女照顾者的角色。虽然父亲的育儿工作对他们在娱乐、休闲和社会交往方面带来了某些负面影响，但就总体而言，他们在参与抚育的过程中所感受、享有的积极体验以及所得到的收获更大；与母亲相比，育儿工作对父亲的负面影响显著较少。同时，与父职参与对孩子的成长和婚姻的和谐有促进作用相比，经历育儿过程将有助于父亲的自身成长和完善，这或许是父亲更乐于接受的“利好”信息和参与动员，对于提升男性投入父职的积极性有推助意义     

别让你的妻子成为“绝望的家庭主妇”

近几年,爸爸在育儿中的重要作用被大家关注。如何开启父亲的育儿功能,让家庭系统更平衡,培养孩子健康健全的人格,是家庭教育中需要迫切解决的问题。2022年,本刊邀请育儿专家王中会教授,分析爸爸不参与育儿的危害,讲解开启父亲育儿功能的实用方法。守寡式婚姻,是一种形容婚姻生活不美满的描述,一般指夫妻一方冷漠对待家庭,无视家庭义务,其中另一方虽然名义上没有守寡,但是婚姻生活如同守寡。在现今的社会生活中,多数情况是由于家庭经济压力大,丈夫的时间越来越多地投入到工作中。     

孩子讨价还价，家长怎么办？

在一些育儿QQ群里，家长们讨论得最多的就是孩子伶牙俐齿地与家长讨价还价的问题。育儿专家表示，孩子爱“还价”，家长需要对症下药。     

Prison Parenting Programs

Abstract

Estimates indicate that parents make up a large segment of the prison population in the United States. Parental incarceration affects the whole family. For children of incarcerated parents, separation is painful and can be detrimental to their development. Effective parenting programs in prisons can be beneficial to the incarcerated parents, their children, and society. This study surveyed 745 state prisons to gather data on their parent populations and their prison parenting programs. Findings indicate significant differences by gender of prisons and program structures.     

A Conceptualization of Parenting:

The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for examining the parenting process. Tasks, roles, rules, communication, resources, and relationships are described as essential components of parenting. The conceptualization of parenting is not tied to a particular family structure or type. Rather, parenting is examined as a process undertaken with the goal of ferrying children from conception and birth through developmental challenges and life events to adulthood. As a bridge between the conceptualization of parenting and its application to single parent families, questions are raised concerning what it takes to parent adequately. Notions of the successful or ‘‘good enough’’ parent are derived from facets of the conceptual framework. The challenge of providing adequate parenting for single parent families is presented. Single parent families are not described as automatic ‘‘at risk’’ situations for children. However, identification of the ingredients needed for adequate parenting provides a useful framework for evaluation of the effectiveness of single parent families in the many forms and situations con- sidered in the other papers in this special volume of Marriage & Family Review.     

Paper Parachutes: Hartson and Payne's Creating Effective Parenting Plans

ABSTRACT

Two Iowa psychologists have written a guide to parenting plans for legal professionals, published by the American Bar Association's Family Law Section. By concentrating only on residential schedules for low-conflict families, the authors of Creating Effective Parenting Plans give family lawyers a helpful primer on child development, but fall short of providing the comprehensive treatment of parenting plans that their audience needs most. Reliance on the primary parent paradigm, failure to address any aspect of parenting plans other than the residential schedule, and exclusion of complex issues limit the value of this guide.     

Parenting Stress Among Adolescent Mothers in the Transition to Adulthood

This study assessed the existence and nature of parenting stress among 187 adolescent mothers over a period of two and one half years across their eldest child's preschool years. Although the majority of mothers did not report elevated levels of stress, approximately thirty percent of the sample reported clinically high levels of stress at any one of the six measurement points. Criticism from a parent regarding their childrearing and intimate partner violence were both found to be related to perceptions of parenting stress. Implications for practice, including the use of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) as a clinical screening tool, are noted.     

Parenting Styles: The Impact on Student Achievement

ABSTRACT

Parenting style and its impact on student achievement in a multidimensional society continues to pose significant challenges to clinicians, researchers, educators, and parents alike. This literature review summarizes the research surrounding five domains: (1) parental control; (2) gender and parenting style; (3) parental education; (4) perceptual differences between parents and their children; and (5) ethnicity and diversity. Behavioral control and psychological control were found to be two inherent features of parental style that have a direct affect on student achievement. Adolescents' perceived level of independence when interacting with their parents also seemed to have a direct relationship on their academic achievement. Research concerning children's progress in mathematics as related to parenting style and gender stereotype was also uncovered. Evidence was found to support the notion that parental education can have an indirect impact on children's academic achievement in various cultures. Implications for future research are identified including the need for applied research in learning communities factoring in variables for family structure, expectations, ethnicity, communication, and involvement.     

The Parenting Task: Parent's Concerns and Where They Would Seek Help

ABSTRACT

Governments are concerned to promote positive parenting but it is difficult to know how and where to target the necessary support. How should we listen to the concerns expressed by parents themselves? Social work and health care professionals and those involved in developing parenting programmes tend to base their interventions on their experiences with families already in crisis. This paper reports on a survey of the views of two groups of parents: a community sample and a small group of parents involved in a young parent's project. Issues, which concern the parents, are identified as well as consideration of which agencies might be best placed to address these. Parents were most likely to approach their children's school or doctor for information, advice, or support. Parents were found to be reluctant to approach social work agencies.     

Relationships of Online Social Comparison and Parenting Satisfaction among New Mothers: The Mediating Roles of Belonging and Emotion

New mothers frequently seek information and community on social networking sites as they seek to establish their parenting practices. As social networking sites for mothers (SNSM) present an environmental influence on the family system, a mother’s experience with social comparison, belonging, and emotion on SNSM can bear significant influence over her satisfaction with her parenting. The present study utilized survey methods to explore mothers’ (n= 336) reported experiences of these variables. We use structural equation modeling to specify a model with good fit, which indicated that greater downward comparison directly related to greater parenting satisfaction, with belonging and negative emotion as mediating indirect relationships. Implications for family communication and mothers’ SNSM practices are discussed.