纽约的邻里纠纷与"皮毛法"

邻里相处难免也有个磕磕碰碰的时候,有些是当事人无意识的行为,有些却是当事人的有意作为。一般来说,如果是小的冒犯,邻里之间打个招呼,犯事一方主动认个错、及时纠正,那么问题也就迎刃而解了。但总有一些蛮横无理之徒“不依不饶”,那么受害一方就不得不依据相应的法律与之对簿公堂。 在美国,无论是无意伤害、或是有意妨碍,只要给他人的人身安全和财产带来“伤害、损害、骚扰”的邻里纠纷,都被称之为“nuisance”,但是如若处理不当,也会酿成大祸。因此,这类小麻烦也有相应的法律管辖,纽约人称此类法律为“皮毛法”(nuisance law)。     

The impact of welfare reform for families with children: Evidence from New York: A report of the New York city social indicators center,Columbia university school of social work

Abstract

This paper uses data from the Current Population Survey and administrative data from New York to simulate the poverty impact of the recent federal and state welfare reforms. We find that the federal welfare reforms would in the absence of additional state or local aid raise the poverty rate of families with children and the poverty gap (the amount needed to raise poor families’ incomes up to the poverty line). Although New York state and local welfare programs will offset much of this impact, we find that even with state and local aid, 16,000 families with children will move into poverty and 63,000 families with children, most of them already poor, will move into severe poverty, while the aggregate poverty gap will increase by nearly 25%.